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Rudolf Karl Bultmann (August 20, 1884 – July 30, 1976) was a German theologian of Lutheran background, who was for three decades professor of New Testament studies at the University of Marburg. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther The University of Marburg (Philipps-Universität Marburg 'Philip's University Marburg' was founded in 1527 by Landgrave Philip I of Hesse (usually He defined an almost complete split between history and faith, writing that only the bare fact of Christ crucified was necessary for Christian faith. [1]

Bultmann was born in Wiefelstede, Oldenburg, the son of a Lutheran minister. Wiefelstede is a municipality in the Ammerland district in Lower Saxony, Germany. Oldenburg ( Low German: Ollnborg) is a historical state in today's Germany named for its capital Oldenburg. He got an Abitur from the Altes Gymnasium in Oldenburg. Abitur (from Latin abire = go away go off is a designation used in Germany and Finland for final exams that young adults take at the end of ||-||-||-||} Oldenburg ( Low German: Ollnborg) is an Independent City in Lower Saxony, Germany. He studied theology at Tübingen. Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen ( German: Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, sometimes called the "Eberhardina Carolina" is a public university After three terms, Bultmann went to the University of Berlin for two terms, and finally at Marburg for two more terms. For other universities in Berlin see List of Universities in Berlin. The University of Marburg (Philipps-Universität Marburg 'Philip's University Marburg' was founded in 1527 by Landgrave Philip I of Hesse (usually He received his degree in 1910 from Marburg with a dissertation on the Epistles of St Paul. The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul (Παῦλος as the first After submitting a Habilitation two years later, he became a lecturer on the New Testament at Marburg. Habilitation is the highest academic qualification a person can achieve by their own pursuit in certain European and Asian countries After brief lectureships at Breslau and Giessen, he returned to Marburg in 1921 as a full professor. Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia Gießen (ˈgiːsən is a town in the German federal state ( Bundesland) of Hessen, capital of both the district of Gießen and the administrative Marburg is a city in Hesse, Germany, on the River Lahn. It is the main town of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar He stayed there until his retirement in 1951. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January

His History of the Synoptic Tradition (1921) is still highly regarded as an essential tool for gospel research, even by scholars who reject his analyses of the conventional rhetorical tropes or narrative units of which the Gospels are assembled, and the historically-oriented principles called "form criticism," of which Bultmann has been the most influential exponent:

"The aim of form-criticism is to determine the original form of a piece of narrative, a dominical saying or a parable. See also Figure of speech In linguistics trope is a rhetorical Figure of speech that consists of a play on words i Form criticism is a method of biblical criticism that classifies units of scripture by literary pattern (such as parables or legends and that attempts to trace each type to its period In the process we learn to distinguish secondary additions and forms, and these in turn lead to important results for the history of the tradition. "

In 1941, he applied form criticism to the Gospel of John, in which he distinguished the presence of a lost Signs Gospel on which John, alone of the evangelists, depended. The Gospel of John (literally According to John; Greek, Κατὰ Ἰωάννην Kata Iōannēn) is the fourth Gospel in the canon The Signs Gospel is a hypothetical source text for the Gospel of John, according to Source criticism (see also Q document) This monograph, highly controversial at the time, is a milestone in research into the historical Jesus. This article is about the history of academic Jesus research For the book "The Quest of the Historical Jesus A Critical Study of Its Progress from Reimarus to Wrede" The same year his lecture New Testament and Mythology: The Problem of Demythologizing the New Testament Message called on interpreters to replace traditional theology with the philosophy of Bultmann's colleague, Martin Heidegger, an endeavor to make accessible to a literate modern audience the reality of Jesus' teachings. Martin Heidegger ( September 26, 1889 &ndash May 26, 1976) (ˈmaɐ̯tiːn ˈhaɪ̯dɛgɐ was an influential German philosopher Bultmann remained convinced the narratives of the life of Jesus were offering theology in story form. Lessons were taught in the familiar language of myth. They were not to be excluded, but given explanation so they could be understood for today. Bultmann thought faith should become a present day reality. To Bultmann, the people of the world appeared to be always in disappointment and turmoil. Faith must be a determined vital act of will, not a culling and extolling of "ancient proofs. "

He carried form-criticism so far as to call the historical value of the gospels into serious question. [1] Some scholars criticized Bultmann and other critics for excessive skepticism regarding the historical reliability of the gospel narratives. The full impact of Bultmann was not felt until the English publication of Kerygma and Mythos (1948).

Bultmann was a student of Hermann Gunkel, Johannes Weiss, and Wilhelm Heitmüller. Hermann Gunkel (1862-1932 was a German Protestant Old Testament scholar Johannes Weiss ( December 13, 1863 - August 24, 1914) was a great German Theologian and Biblical exegete. [1] Ernst Käsemann, Günther Bornkamm, Hannah Arendt and Helmut Koester were among his students. Ernst Käsemann, ( Bochum, 12 July 1906 &ndash 17 February 1998 in Tübingen) was a Lutheran Theologian Günther Bornkamm (1905-1990 was a German New Testament scholar and Professor of New Testament at the University of Heidelberg. Helmut Koester (born 1926 is a German -born American scholar of the New Testament, and currently Morison Research Professor of Divinity and Winn

He was member of the Confessing Church and critical towards National Socialism. The Confessing Church (Bekennende Kirche was a Christian Resistance movement in Nazi Germany. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German He spoke out against the mistreatment of Jews, against nationalistic excesses and against the dismissal of non-Aryan Christian ministers. [2]

Selected works

Notes and references

  1. ^ a b c Cross, F. The Gifford Lectures were established by the will of Adam Lord Gifford (died 1887) L. , ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005, article Bultmann, Rudolf
  2. ^ Kelley, Shawn (2002). Racializing Jesus: Race, Ideology and the Formation of Modern Biblical Scholarship. Routledge, 155-156. ISBN 0415154022.  

External links

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