Abdullah Jafar Ibn Mohammad Rudaki, (Persian: ابو عبدالله جعفر بن محمد بن حکیم بن عبدالرحمن بن آدم رودکی, Abū ˤAbdallāh Jaˤfar bin Muḥammad bin Ḥakīm bin ˤAbd al-Raḥmān bin Ādam Rūdakī) also written as Rudagi or Rudhagi, (859-c. Events By Place Europe January 15 - Battle of Saint-Quentin Aisne: Humfrid defeats Louis the German. 941) was a Persian poet, and the first great literary genius of modern Persian language, who composed poems in the "New Persian" Perso-Arabic alphabet script. Events By Place Asia The Rus'-Byzantine War (941 is fought By Topic Religion Oda layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox The Perso-Arabic script is a Writing system that is based on the Arabic alphabet. Rudaki is considered a founder of Persian classical literature. Persian literature ( spans two and a half millennia though much of the pre- Islamic material has been lost
He was born in 858 in Rudak (Panjrud), a village in Khorasan, Persia[1][2] , which is now located in Panjakent, Tajikistan. Greater Khorasan (خراسان بزرگ (also written Khorasaan, Khurasan and Khurasaan) is a modern term for eastern territories of ancient Persia Greater Iran (in Irān-e Bozorg, or fa ایرانزمین Irān-zamīn; the Encyclopedia Iranica uses the term Panjakent (Панҷакент/پنجکنت also spelled Panjikent or Panjekent Пенджикент in Russian is a city in the Sughd province of Tajikistan Tajikistan (təˈdʒɪkɨstæn or /təˈdʒiːkɨstæn/ Тоҷикистон tɔʤikɪsˈtɔn or, Persian تاجیکستان taajikestaan officially the Republic of Most of his biographers assert that he was totally blind, but the accurate knowledge of colors shown in his poems makes this very doubtful. Blindness is the condition of lacking Visual perception due to Physiological or Neurological factors He was the court poet to the Samanid ruler Nasr II (914-943) in Bukhara, but he eventually fell out of favour and ended his life in poverty. The Samanids (819–999 ( Sāmāniyān) were a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan, named after its founder Saman Nasr II (d 943) was amir of the Samanids ( 914 &ndash 943) His reign saw the high point of Samanid rule This article is about the year 914 For the automobile see Porsche 914. Events By Place Europe King Constantin II of Scotland retires and becomes a monk succeeded by his cousin Malcolm I of Scotland Bukhara (Buxoro Бухоро بُخارا Бухара also spelled as Bukhoro and Bokhara, from the Soghdian βuxārak ("lucky
Contents |
At the Samanid court
Early in his life, the fame of his accomplishments reached the ear of the Samanid Nasr II ibn Ahmad, the ruler of Khorasan and Transoxiana, who invited the poet to his court. The Samanids (819–999 ( Sāmāniyān) were a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan, named after its founder Saman Nasr II (d 943) was amir of the Samanids ( 914 &ndash 943) His reign saw the high point of Samanid rule Rudaki became his daily companion, rose to the highest honors and amassed great wealth. In spite of various predecessors, he well deserves the title of father of Persian literature, the Adam or the Sultan of poets, since he was the first who impressed upon every form of epic, lyric and didactic poetry its peculiar stamp and its individual character. Persian literature ( spans two and a half millennia though much of the pre- Islamic material has been lost Didacticism is an artistic philosophy that emphasizes instructional and informative qualities in Literature and other types of Art. He is also said to have been the founder of the diwan that is, the typical form of the complete collection of a poet's lyrical compositions in a more or less alphabetical order which prevails to the present day among all Persian writers. Diwan ( Persian دیوان also transliterated as Deewan or Divan, is a Persian word used also into Arabic (الدیوان and Turkish Persian literature ( spans two and a half millennia though much of the pre- Islamic material has been lost
Extant publications
Of the 1,300,000 verses attributed to him, there remain only 52 qasidas, ghazals and rubais; of his epic masterpieces we have nothing beyond a few stray lines in native dictionaries. Qasida (also spelled qasidah) in Arabic: قصيدة, plural qasā'id, قــصــائـد; in Persian: قصیده In Poetry, the ghazal ( Arabic / Persian / Urdu: غزل; Hindi: ग़ज़ल Turkish gazel) is a But the most serious loss is that of his translation of Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa's Arabic version of the old Indian fable book Kalila and Dimna (Panchatantra), which he put into Persian verse at the request of his royal patron. Abdullah Ibn Dhadawayh ( Persian: عبدالله ابن دادویه) also known as Rouzbeh pur-e Dādvayh ( Persian: روزبه پور دادوَيه Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Panchatantra (also spelled Pañcatantra, in Sanskrit: पञ्चतन्त्र 'Five Principles' or Kalīleh o Demneh Numerous fragments, however, are preserved in the Persian lexicon of Asadi Tusi (the Lughat al-Furs, ed. Abu Mansur Ali ibn Ahmad Asadi Tusi (born Tus, Iranian province of Khorasan - died 1072 Tabriz, Iran) is arguably the second most P. Horn, Göttingen, 1897). Göttingen ( ˈgœtɪŋən, Low German: Chöttingen is a College town in Lower Saxony, Germany. In his qasidas, all devoted to the praise of his sovereign and friend, Rudagi has left us unequalled models of a refined and delicate taste, very different from the often bombastic compositions of later Persian encomiasts. His didactic odes and epigrams express in well-measured lines a sort of Epicurean philosophy of human life and human happiness; more charming still are the purely lyrical pieces in glorification of love and wine. Ode (from the Ancient Greek) is a form of stately and elaborate lyrical verse. An epigram is a short Poem, often with a clever twist at the end or a concise and witty statement
There is a complete edition of all the extant poems of Rudaki which were known at the end of the 19th century, in Persian text and metrical German translation, together with a biographical account, based on forty-six Persian manuscripts, in Hermann Ethé's Rudagi der Samanidendichter (Göttinger Nachrichten, 1873, pp. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. 663-742); see also
- Neupersische Literatur in Wilhelm Geiger's Grundriss der iranischen Philologie (ii. Wilhelm Ludwig Geiger (1856-1943 was a German Orientalist in the fields of Indian and Iranian languages
- Paul Horn, Geschichte der persischen Literatur (1901), p. Paul Horn is the name of Paul Horn (jazz musician (born 1930 jazz flutist Paul Horn (computer scientist, American computer scientist 73
- E. G. Browne, Literary History of Persia, i. Edward Granville Browne (1862&ndash1926 born in Stouts Hill, Uley, Gloucestershire, England was a British Orientalist who published (1902)
- C. J. Pickering, A Persian Chaucer in National Review (May 1890).
More recently, in 1963, Saʻīd Nafīsī identified more fragments to be attributed to Rudaki and has assembled them, together with an extensive biography, in Muḥīṭ-i zindagī va aḥvāl va ashʻār-i Rūdakī.
References
- E. G. Browne. Literary History of Persia. (Four volumes, 2,256 pages, and twenty-five years in the writing). 1998. ISBN 0-7007-0406-X
- Jan Rypka, History of Iranian Literature. Reidel Publishing Company. 1968 OCLC 460598. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose ISBN 90-277-0143-1
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition article "Rudagi", a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
See also
External links
- Rudaki, Abu Abd Allah, a biography by Professor Iraj Bashri, University of Minnesota. list is not comprehensive but is continuously being expanded and includes Persian writers and poets from Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Afghanistan Persian literature ( spans two and a half millennia though much of the pre- Islamic material has been lost Includes translations of "Lament in Old Age", "Mother of Wine", and "Ju-yi Muliyan. "
- Rudaki on Iranian Yellow Pages