Rubbing alcohol, U.S.P. / B.P. is a liquid prepared for topical application prepared from specially denatured alcohol and containing 68. The United States Pharmacopeia is an official public standards–setting authority for all prescription and over–the–counter medicines and other health care products manufactured Published annually the British Pharmacopoeia (BP is a collection of quality standards for UK Medicinal substances In Medicine, a topical Medication is applied to body surfaces such as the Skin or Mucous membranes for example the Vagina Denatured alcohol is Ethanol which has been rendered toxic or otherwise undrinkable and in some cases dyed 5-71. 5% vol. /vol. of absolute (ie. 100%) ethanol (ethyl alcohol). Individual manufacturers can use their own "formulation standards" in which the ethanol content usually ranges from 70-95% v/v.
The term "rubbing alcohol" has become a general non-specific term for either isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol) or ethyl alcohol (ethanol) rubbing-alcohol products. Isopropyl alcohol (also isopropanol, iso, isopro, Rubbing alcohol, or the abbreviation IPA) is a common name for The confusion comes from the greater popularity of isopropyl rubbing alcohol, and as a result, individuals requesting "rubbing alcohol" generally expect and get an isopropyl alcohol product. However, the British Pharmacopoeia and United States Pharmacopeia standards (standards recognized in many countries other than the UK and USA) define rubbing alcohol as a mixture of ethanol and water of fixed proportions. Published annually the British Pharmacopoeia (BP is a collection of quality standards for UK Medicinal substances The United States Pharmacopeia is an official public standards–setting authority for all prescription and over–the–counter medicines and other health care products manufactured
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Standardization
In the United States, rubbing alcohol, U.S.P. and all preparations coming under the classification of Rubbing Alcohols must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of the US Treasury Department, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, using Formula 23-H (8 parts by volume of acetone, 1. The United States Pharmacopeia is an official public standards–setting authority for all prescription and over–the–counter medicines and other health care products manufactured The United States Department of the Treasury is a Cabinet department and the Treasury of the United States government. The Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco Firearms and Explosives (abbreviated ATF) is a specialized federal law enforcement and regulatory organization within the United Acetone (also known as propanone, dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, propan-2-one and β-ketopropane) is a colorless mobile flammable 5 parts by volume of methyl isobutyl ketone, and 100 parts by volume of ethyl alcohol). Methyl isobutyl ketone ( MIBK) is a Ketone that is widely used as a Solvent. It contains 68. 5-71. 5% by volume of absolute ethyl alcohol, the remainder consisting of water and the denaturants, with or without colour additives, and perfume oils. Rubbing Alcohol contains in each 100 mL not less than 355 mg of sucrose octaacetate or not less than 1. Sucrose octaacetate is an acetylated derivative of Sucrose. It is used commercially and industrially in a variety of applications 40 mg of denatonium benzoate. Denatonium, usually available as denatonium benzoate (under Trade names such as Bitrex or Aversion) and as denatonium The preparation may be coloured with one or more colour additives. A suitable stabilizer may also be added. [1]
Rubbing alcohol also exists on pharmacy store shelves without the U. S. P. standard designation. The concentration of the ethyl alcohol component can vary but it is generally printed under the ingredient list of that particular product. A common concentration is 95%.
Physical Properties
Rubbing alcohol is a cellular, volatile, and flammable liquid. Volatility in the context of Chemistry, Physics and Thermodynamics is a measure of the tendency of a substance to Vaporize. Flammability is the ease with which a substance will ignite causing Fire or Combustion. Liquid is one of the principal States of matter. A liquid is a Fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of It is transparent, though it can be coloured as desired. In Optics, transparency (also called pellucidity) is the Material property of allowing It has an extremely bitter taste and (in the absence of added odorous substances) a characteristic odour. The specific gravity of Formula 23-H is between 0. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the Density of a given solid or liquid substance to the density of water at a specific temperature and pressure typically 8691 and 0. 8771 at 15. 56°.
Isopropyl Rubbing Alcohol
Isopropyl Rubbing Alcohol, U.S.P. / B.P. contains 68-99% of isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) by volume, the remainder consisting of water, with or without colour additives, suitable stabilizers, and perfume oils. The United States Pharmacopeia is an official public standards–setting authority for all prescription and over–the–counter medicines and other health care products manufactured Published annually the British Pharmacopoeia (BP is a collection of quality standards for UK Medicinal substances Isopropyl alcohol (also isopropanol, iso, isopro, Rubbing alcohol, or the abbreviation IPA) is a common name for Isopropyl alcohol is oxidized by the liver into acetone. Acetone (also known as propanone, dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, propan-2-one and β-ketopropane) is a colorless mobile flammable Symptoms of isopropyl alcohol poisoning include flushing, headache, dizziness, CNS depression, nausea, vomiting, anesthesia, and coma. Anesthesia, or anaesthesia (see spelling differences; from Greek grc αν- an-, "without" and grc αἲσθησις In Medicine, a coma (from the Greek koma, meaning deep sleep is a profound state of Unconsciousness.
Uses
Rubbing alcohol can be applied as a cooling, soothing application for bedridden patients and athletes. It helps soothe deep down cold bones (e. g. , shins) if rubbed into skin during winter seasons. It is also widely used for cleansing surgeons' hands and instruments and for the disinfection of skin prior to penetration by a hypodermic needle. Disinfectants are Antimicrobial agents that are applied to non-living objects to destroy Microorganisms, the process of which is known as disinfection. As an antiseptic it is good against vegetative bacteria and fair against fungi and viruses, but is ineffective against spores. Antiseptics (from Greek αντί - anti, '"against" + σηπτικός - septikos, "putrefactive" are antimicrobial It is widely believed that 70% ethanol provides the greatest reduction in bacterial count; however, this is incorrect. Other concentrations may be more effective, but their rate of kill is slower. In order to reduce the skin bacterial count to 5% of normal, 70% ethanol must be left on the skin for at least 2 minutes. Rubbing alcohol is also a feeble anesthetic and a mild counterirritant. Anesthesia, or anaesthesia (see spelling differences; from Greek grc αν- an-, "without" and grc αἲσθησις A counterirritant is a substance which creates Inflammation in one location with the goal of lessening the inflammation in another location It is not drinkable, although people have been known to attempt ingestion.
Rubbing alcohol is recognized as a rubefacient because it evaporates quickly and is used to cool and soothe skin. A rubefacient is a substance for External application that produces redness of the Skin e It is, however, more widely used as an antiseptic for sterilizing surfaces or cleaning minor cuts or abrasions.
Isopropyl rubbing alcohol can also be supplied in a 99% concentration. This product can also be used to harden skin, such as in the case of the feet of novice hikers, or the fingertips of guitarists. Care should always be taken, and the label should be read carefully.
It is unsuited as a fuel in alcohol stoves because of the relatively low vapor pressure of isopropyl alcohol, and because the water content will vaporize to steam creating excessive pressure in the stove. Vapor pressure (also known as equilibrium vapor pressure or saturation vapor pressure) is the Pressure of a Vapor in equilibrium
In the UK the equivalent skin preparation is surgical spirit which is always based on an ethyl alcohol-methyl alcohol mixture, and which often has the addition of small quantities of iodoform as a topical bacteriocide. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a Chemical compound The term 'iodoform' was also used in World War II to refer to Group keys sent to agents in Europe by the Special Operations Executive this usage is unrelated to the chemical
A typical modern composition for Surgical Spirit BP is: ethanol, methanol, water, castor oil, methyl salicylate, diethyl phthalate. Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a Chemical compound Castor oil is a Vegetable oil obtained from the Castor bean (technically castor seed as the castor plant Ricinus communis, is not a member of Methyl salicylate ( Chemical formula C6H4(HOCOOCH3 also known as salicylic acid methyl ester, oil of wintergreen, It has a strong smell of wintergreen due to the presence of the methyl salicylate.
Cautions
Rubbing alcohol should be used in a well-ventilated area. Some cautions go so far as to say protective gloves should be worn while using it. Poisoning can occur from ingestion, inhalation, or absorption of rubbing alcohol.
Isopropyl rubbing alcohol is poisonous and can cause permanent disabling illness or death if consumed. In the context of Biology, poisons are substances that can cause damage, Illness, or Death to Organisms usually by
Mixing rubbing alcohol with pool chlorine can result in a haloform reaction, generating lots of heat and boiling off its products as excess gas. Calcium hypochlorite is a Chemical compound with formula (2 It is widely used for Water treatment and as a Bleaching agent (bleaching The haloform reaction is a chemical reaction where a haloform (CHX3 where X is a Halogen) is produced by the exhaustive Halogenation of a methyl Ketone If this chemical reaction is done inside a closed plastic container, the gas can build up until it ruptures violently. This can pose a serious risk of injury as the chemicals (such as bleach) and shrapnel from the container are thrown outward by the explosion.
Other applications
- It can be used to clean the rotors of disc brakes on bicycles.
- It will allegedly remove silly putty from textiles
- It can be used to dissolve and remove pine resin and urushiol (active ingredient in poison ivy) from most materials. Silly Putty (originally called Nutty Putty, and also marketing by other companies as Thinking Putty, Bouncing Putty) is the Crayola owned trademark A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. This article is about the tree For other uses of the term "pine" see Pine (disambiguation. Resin, not to be confused with Rosin, is a Hydrocarbon Secretion of many Plants particularly coniferous trees. For information on urushiol poisoning see Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis.
- Due to its volatile nature, it can help to evaporate liquids.
- It helps to separate glue from bonded objects.
- It will remove thermal grease from computer processor heatsinks
- It can be used to clean the optical surface of CDs and DVDs. Thermal grease (also called thermal compound, heat paste, heat transfer compound, thermal paste, or A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is
- It can be used to extract soluble chemicals from an insoluble matrix; the appropriate steps are mixing, maceration, filtration, and evaporation.
- It can be used as a fuel in some engines.
- It can be used as a do-it-yourself cleaner for guitar/bass guitar strings in order to enhance their life
- It removes shoe polish.
- It is the preferred cleaner for LCD monitors
- Due to its rapid evaporation, it can be used to clean electronics or other devices that become damaged when wet
- Head cleaner for audio and video tape players. A video head cleaner is a substance used for cleaning the record/playback heads of a video or audio cassette player
- Can be used to erase permanent ink off most surfaces.
- Can be used to clean halogen bulbs
- Can be used, when mixed with 10 cups of water and 3 cups of Rubbing alcohol and a teaspoon of dishwasher fluid (glass friendly models), as windshield washer fluids
- Can be used, when mixed with 2 parts of water, to remove beeswax from fabrics.
- Sometimes used when cleaning skateboard and longboard bearings
- It can be used to treat acne.
External links
- http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/chem00/chem00102.htm The difference between denatured alcohol and rubbing alcohol
References
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