The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment)
Regimental Cap Badge and The Royal Cypher within the Collar of the Order of the Thistle with the badge appendant
Active	1633-2006
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	Army
Type	Line Infantry
Part of	Scottish Division
Nickname	Pontius Pilate's Bodyguard
Motto	Nemo me impune lacessit Latin: "Nobody touches me with impunity"
March	Quick March: Dumbarton's Drums Slow March: Garb of Old Gaul
Engagements	See Battle honours list
Insignia
Tartan	Hunting Stewart (trews) Royal Stewart (pipers kilts and plaids)

The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment), once known as the Royal Regiment of Foot, was the oldest, and therefore most senior, infantry regiment of the line in the British Army, having been raised in 1633 during the reign of Charles I of Scotland. The Most Ancient and Most Noble Order of the Thistle is an Order of chivalry associated with Scotland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Scottish Division is a British Army Infantry command training and administrative apparatus designated for all Scottish line infantry units Nemo me impune lacessit is the Latin motto of the Order of the Thistle and of three Scottish regiments of the British Army. Dumbarton's Drums is a traditional Scottish song It is the march of The Royal Scots. The Infantry is the oldest and most numerous of the Combat Arms in the Armed forces, and consists A regiment is a Military unit, composed of a variable number of Battalions – commanded by a Colonel. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. The regiment existed until 2006, when it amalgamated with the King's Own Scottish Borderers to become the 1st Battalion of the newly-formed Royal Regiment of Scotland. The King's Own Scottish Borderers was an Infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Scottish Division. The Royal Regiment of Scotland (SCOTS is the senior and only Scottish Line infantry regiment of the British Army Infantry.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Eighteenth century 1.2 The French Revolutionary Wars & Napoleonic Wars 1.3 Nineteenth century 1.4 First World War (1914-1919) 1.5 Inter-war period (1919-1939) 1.6 Second World War (1939-1945) 1.7 Post-war period (1945-2004) 1.8 Restructuring of the Infantry (2004-2006) 1.9 The Royal Scots Borderers 2 Alliances 3 Battle honours 4 Nicknames 5 Footnotes 6 References

History

The regiment was first raised in 1633 as the Royal Regiment of Foot^[1] by Sir John Hepburn, under a royal warrant from Charles I, on the Scottish establishment for service in France. Sir John Hepburn (c 1598&ndash July 8 1636) was a Scottish soldier who fought in wars in continental Europe. History The earliest recorded British Royal Charter was granted to the Weavers’ Company in 1155 by Henry II of England. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. It was formed from a nucleus of Hepburn's previous regiment, formerly in Swedish service, which had been in existence since 1625. When in France it absorbed the remnants of a number of other Scottish mercenary units which had fought in Swedish service, and by 1635 had swelled to some 8,000 men. ^[2] It served in France from 1633 to 1661, when it was recalled to England. ^[3]

Because the regiment had been formed by Royal Warrant, it was legally part of the Crown's armed forces, even though it had been out of the country for three decades. As such, it was recalled to help secure the coronation of Charles II, and helped provide a model for the other regiments founded after the collapse of the New Model Army. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The New Model Army was formed in 1645 by the Parliamentarians in the English Civil War. ^[4] The regiment returned to France from 1662-6 and 1667-78, seeing English service again during the Second Anglo-Dutch War;^[5] soldiers of the regiment responded to the Raid on the Medway, when Pepys recorded that Here in the streets, I did hear the Scotch march beat by the drums before the soldiers, which is very odde. The Second Anglo-Dutch War was fought between England and the United Provinces from 4 March, 1665 until 31 July, 1667. The Raid on the Medway, sometimes called the Battle of Medway or the Battle of Chatham, was a successful Dutch attack on the largest English Samuel Pepys, FRS (23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703 was an English naval administrator and Member of Parliament, who is now most famous for ^[6]

1678 marked the final end of French service, with the regiment placed permanently on the English establishment, and in 1680 the regiment was sent to the Tangier Garrison, where it won its first battle honour. Tangier Garrison was a military installation in Tangier held by the English from 1661 to 6 February 1684 when it returned to being part of A battle honour is a military tradition practised in the Commonwealth countries of the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, New Zealand ^[7] In 1684, the regiment was titled His Majesty's Royal Regiment of Foot,^[8] and withdrawn to England. ^[9] In 1685 they fought for James II in the Monmouth Rebellion, at the Battle of Sedgemoor, and the following year a second battalion was raised. James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James The Monmouth Rebellion of 1685, also known as the Pitchfork Rebellion, was an attempt to overthrow James II, who had become King of England at The Battle of Sedgemoor was fought on 6 July 1685 and took place at Westonzoyland near Bridgwater in Somerset, England In 1688, they were the only regiment of the army to remain loyal to James in the Glorious Revolution;^[10] both battalions of the regiment mutinied and were disarmed. The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland in 1688 by a union

During the War of the Grand Alliance, the regiment fought at the Battle of Walcourt (1689), the Battle of Steenkerque (1692), the Battle of Landen (1693) and the Siege of Namur (1695). The Nine Years' War (1688–97 – often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg – was a major war of the late 17th The Battle of Walcourt was fought on 25 August 1689 during the Nine Years' War. The Battle of Steenkerque (Steenkerque also spelled Steenkerke or Steenkirk) was fought on August 3 1692, as a part of the Nine Years' The Battle of Landen (or Neerwinden) in the current Belgian province of Flemish Brabant, was a battle in the Nine Years' War, fought in the The siege of Namur refers to a number of sieges throughout history of the Belgian city of Namur. ^[11] They spent the late 1690s on garrison duty in Ireland. ^[12]

Eighteenth century

During the War of the Spanish Succession, the regiment fought at the Battles of Schellenberg and Blenheim (1704), the Battle of Ramillies (1706), the Battle of Oudenarde (1708) and the Battle of Malplaquet (1709). In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714 several European powers combined to stop French succession to the Spanish throne and what would likely have been a resulting The Battle of Schellenberg, also known as the Battle of Donauwörth, was fought during the War of the Spanish Succession on 2 July 1704 The Battle of Blenheim (referred to in some countries as the Second Battle of Höchstädt) fought on 13 August 1704 was a major battle of the War of the Spanish Succession The Battle of Ramillies ( was a major engagement of the War of the Spanish Succession fought on 23 May 1706 The Battle of Oudenaarde (or Oudenarde) was a key battle in the War of the Spanish Succession fought on July 11, 1708 between the forces The Battle of Malplaquet, fought on September 11 1709, was one of the main battles of the War of the Spanish Succession, which opposed the Bourbons ^[13] Both battalions spent 1715 to 1742 on service in Ireland, but after this point the battalions were normally separated;^[14] the 1st went to Flanders,^[15] with the 2nd being sent to the Caribbean as a garrison for Puerto Bello. Portobelo (formerly Puerto Bello, also Porto Belo) is a port city in Colón Province, Panama. ^[16] The 1st saw service in the War of the Austrian Succession at the Battle of Fontenoy (1745), whilst the 2nd was engaged in the Second Jacobite Rising, fighting at the Battle of Falkirk and the infamous Battle of Culloden (1746),^[17] after which it returned to Ireland. The War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748 involved nearly all the powers of Europe This battle should not be confused with the two battles of Fontenay, which occurred at a different location in 841 and 1944 The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings rebellions and wars in the kingdoms of England, Kingdom of Scotland (later the United Kingdom of Great Britain During the Second Jacobite Rising, the Battle of Falkirk Muir ( Scottish Gaelic:) was the last noteworthy Jacobite success The Battle of Culloden (Blàr Chùil Lodair (16 April 1746 was the final clash between the French-supported Jacobites and the Hanoverian ^[18]

In 1751, the regiment was titled the 1st (Royal) Regiment of Foot,^[19] ranked as the most senior of the line regiments of infantry. The 2nd Battalion was sent to Nova Scotia in 1757,^[20] and saw service in the Seven Years' War, capturing Louisburg in 1758, Guadeloupe in 1762 and Havana in 1763,^[21] returning home in 1764. The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths Fortress of Louisbourg (in French, Forteresse de Louisbourg) is a Canadian National Historic Site and the location of a partial reconstruction Guadeloupe is an island group or Archipelago located in the eastern Caribbean Sea at, with a land area of 1628 square kilometres (629  sq Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading ^[22] Both then served as garrisons in the Mediterranean, the 1st in Gibraltar from 1768-75,^[23] and the 2nd in Minorca from 1771-75. ^[24]

The 1st Battalion was sent to the West Indies in 1781, fought in the capture of Sint Eustatius that year, and was itself captured at St. Kitts in January 1782 but exchanged later in the year. Sint Eustatius, also known as Statia, or Saint Eustace, is one of the islands which make up the Netherlands Antilles; it is in the northern Leeward Saint Kitts (also known more formally as Saint Christopher Island ( Saint-Christophe in French) is an Island in the West Indies ^[25]

The French Revolutionary Wars & Napoleonic Wars

The 1st Battalion had returned to the West Indies as a garrison in 1790, and served there until 1797,^[26] with a brief period of combat in the Haïtian Revolution. The Revolution (1791–1804 was the most successful of African Slave rebellions in the Western Hemisphere ^[27] The West Indies were hotbeds of disease, and the battalion lost more than half its strength to disease in this period. ^[28] It was reformed from militia volunteers in Ireland in 1798, and used in minor raids on the coast of Spain in 1800. ^[29] Meanwhile, from 1793 to 1801, the 2nd Battalion was based in the Mediterranean. ^[30] It fought at the Siege of Toulon (1793) and the capture of Corsica (1794),^[31] returning briefly to Northern Europe for the Battle of Egmont op Zee in the 1799 Helder campaign, before fighting in the 1801 Egyptian campaign at the Battle of Aboukir and the Battle of Alexandria. The Siege of Toulon ( 18 September - 18 December 1793) was an early Republican victory over a Royalist rebellion in the Southern French Corsica (Corse Corsican and Italian: Corsica) is the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily The Battle of Abukir (1801 was the second battle of the Egyptian campaign fought on March 8, 1801 at Abu Qir on the Mediterranean The Egyptian city of Alexandria figured prominently in the military operations of Napoleon 's expedition of 1798. ^[32]

Both battalions were subsequently dispatched to the West Indies, the 1st from 1801 to 1812, and the 2nd from 1803 to 1806. The 1st fought at the capture of Saint Lucia, as well as of Demerara and Essequibo in 1803, and the capture of Guadeloupe in 1810. Saint Lucia (ˌseɪnt ˈluːʃɪə is an Island nation in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Demerara in South America was one of the original British colonies that were joined into the colony of British Guiana, now Guyana. Essequibo is the name of a Dutch Colony founded in 1616 and located in the region of the Essequibo River. Guadeloupe is an island group or Archipelago located in the eastern Caribbean Sea at, with a land area of 1628 square kilometres (629  sq The 2nd then moved to India, where it would remain until 1826, whilst the 1st was sent to Quebec with the outbreak of the War of 1812. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies ^[33] It fought in the battles of Sackett's Harbor and Buffalo & Black Rock, as well as the capture of Fort Niagara (1813), the battles of Longwoods, Chippawa, and Lundy's Lane, along with the Siege of Fort Erie and the battle of Cook's Mills (1814). The Battle of Sackett's Harbor took place on May 29 1813 during the Anglo-American War of 1812. Fort Niagara is a fortification originally built to protect the interests of New France in North America. The Battle of Longwoods was a battle of the War of 1812 on March 4, 1814, fought near Wardsville in present-day Southwest Middlesex Ontario The Battle of Chippawa (sometimes incorrectly spelled Chippewa) was a victory for the American army in the War of 1812, during an invasion of The Battle of Lundy's Lane was a battle of the War of 1812 on July 25, 1814, fought in present-day Niagara Falls Ontario. The Siege of Fort Erie was one of the last and most protracted engagements between British and American forces during the Niagara campaign of the Anglo-American The Battle of Cook's Mills was the last engagement between US ^[34] In February 1812, the regiment was retitled as the 1st Regiment of Foot (Royal Scots), the first official appearance of the popular name. ^[35]

Two new battalions were raised in late 1804, at Hamilton, the 3rd and 4th Battalions. Hamilton is a town in South Lanarkshire, in the west- Central Lowlands of Scotland. The 3rd served in the Peninsular War from 1808 to 1809, fighting at the Battle of Corunna in 1809 before being withdrawn by sea and sent to the Walcheren Campaign^[36] with the 1st Division. The Peninsular War or Spanish War of Independence pitted an alliance of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal against France The Battle of Corunna (or La Corunna, A Coruña, La Coruña, or Elviña) on January 16 1809, was an attack by 16000 The Walcheren Campaign was an unsuccessful British expedition to the Netherlands in 1809 intended to open another front in the Austrian Empire ^[37] It returned to Portugal in 1810 with the 5th Division,^[38] fighting at the Battle of Buçaco (1810), the Battle of Fuentes de Onoro (1811), the battles of Badajoz, Salamanca and Burgos (1812), the Battle of Vitoria, capture of San Sebastián, Battle of Nivelle, and the Battle of Nive (1813),^[39] before advancing into France in 1814. The Battle of Bussaco (or Buçaco, buˈsaku in Portuguese ( September 27, 1810) resulted in the defeat of French forces by Lord Wellington's In the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro ( May 3 - 5, 1811) the Anglo-Portuguese army under Viscount Wellington checked an attempt by the French In the Battle of Badajoz ( March 16 - April 6, 1812) an Anglo - Portuguese army under the Earl of Wellington, besieged The Battle of Salamanca saw an Anglo - Portuguese army under General Arthur Wellesley defeat Marshal Auguste Marmont 's French In the Battle of Vitoria ( June 21 1813) General Arthur Wellesley Marquess of Wellington, and his Portuguese and Spanish allies finally Donostia-San Sebastián ( Basque: Donostia, IPA; Spanish: San Sebastián, known officially as Donostia-San Sebastián The Battle of Nivelle ( November 10, 1813) took place in front of the River Nivelle near the end of the Peninsular War (1808-1814 The Battles of the Nive (9-13 December 1813 were fought towards the end of the Peninsular War. It was sent to Belgium during the Hundred Days, and fought in Picton's Division (the 5th) at the Battle of Waterloo (1815). The Hundred Days was the period between Napoleon Bonaparte 's return from exile on Elba to Paris on 20 March 1815 and the restoration In the Battle of Waterloo (Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo Belgium After two years in the Army of Occupation, it was disbanded at Canterbury in 1817. ^[40]

The 4th was deployed to the Baltic in 1813, being involved with the recapture of Stralsund, and fought in the Netherlands in 1814, where it was captured and exchanged. Stralsund (ˈʃtʁaːlzʊnt is a city in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, situated at the southern Coast of the Strelasund (a sound It was then dispatched to Canada as part of the War of 1812, where it served as a garrison. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies It was withdrawn to England with the end of the fighting and disbanded at Dover in 1816. ^[41]

Nineteenth century

The 1st battalion was sent to Ireland after the end of the Napoleonic wars, and stationed there from 1816 until 1825, when it was moved to the West Indies, where it remained until 1835. The 2nd battalion, however, had a more active time; based in India, it was involved in the Third Anglo-Maratha War, where it fought at the Battle of Nagpore (1817) and Battle of Mahidpur (1818), and in the First Anglo-Burmese War of 1824-26. The Third Anglo-Maratha War ( 1817 - 1818) was a final and decisive conflict between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in The Battle of Mahidpur was fought during the Third Anglo-Maratha War between the Marathas and the British led by Sir Thomas Hislop at Mahidpur The First Anglo–Burmese War lasted from 1823 to 1826 In the United Kingdom it is called the First Burmese War whereas Burmese custom names both belligerents It moved to Scotland in 1830, and to Canada in 1836, where it was involved in the Rebellions of 1837. The Rebellions of 1837 were a pair of Canadian armed uprisings that occurred in 1837 and 1838 in response to frustrations in political reform and ethnic conflict ^[42] A move to the West Indies in 1843 was complicated by half the regiment being shipwrecked and delayed several months, but was successful, and the regiment finally returned to Scotland in 1846. ^[43]

Both battalions saw active service in the Crimean War, with the 1st fighting at the battles of Alma and Inkerman (1854), and both fighting in the Siege of Sevastopol (1854-5),^[44] where the regiment's first VC was won. The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought The Battle of the Alma (20 September 1854 which is usually considered the first battle of the Crimean War (1853&ndash1856 took place in the vicinity of the River The Battle of Inkerman, a battle of the Crimean War, was fought on November 5, 1854 and resulted in a British and French victory under General See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since ^[45] After the war, the 1st battalion moved to Ceylon in 1857^[46] and thence to India, returning home in 1870, whilst the 2nd battalion moved to Hong Kong, and saw action in the Second Opium War, fighting at the capture of the Taku Forts (1858) and Pekin (1860), and returning home in 1861. The Second Opium War, the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a war of the United Kingdom ^[47]

The regiment was not fundamentally affected by the Cardwell reforms of the 1870s, which gave it a depot at Glencorse from 1873, or by the Childers reforms of 1881 - as it already possessed two battalions, there was no need for it to amalgamate with another regiment. The Cardwell Reforms refer to a series of reforms of the British Army undertaken by Secretary of State for War (and former soldier Edward Cardwell between The Childers Reforms restructured the Infantry Regiments of the British army. ^[48] However, as it had become the county regiment of the Edinburgh area, it was retitled The Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment),^[49] and it took on a militia battalion and seven battalions of Volunteers from the local area. ^[50] The regimental district was reorganised in 1887, with Berwickshire being transferred to the recruiting area of the King's Own Scottish Borderers^[51] along with the country; the remaining volunteers were reorganised in 1888, for a total of eight volunteer battalions. The King's Own Scottish Borderers was an Infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Scottish Division. ^[52]

In 1881, the 1st was in the West Indies; it moved to South Africa in 1884, when it saw action in the Bechuanaland campaign, and remained there until 1891, when it moved back to the UK to serve as the depot battalion and the 2nd moved out to India, where it remained until 1909. The Bechuanaland Protectorate (BP was a protectorate established on March 31, 1885, by the United Kingdom in Southern Africa. With the outbreak of the Second Anglo-Boer War, the 1st was quickly earmarked for service in South Africa, and sailed in late 1899. See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: It remained there until 1903, being joined by the 3rd from 1900 to 1902^[53] - the first time a non-regular unit of the regiment had been activated. The bulk of the time in South Africa was spent patrolling and in mobile columns, with neither battalion engaged in any major battles. ^[54]

In 1908, the Volunteers and Militia were reorganised nationally, with the former becoming the Territorial Force and the latter the Special Reserve; the regiment now had one Reserve and seven Territorial battalions. The Territorial Force ( TF) was the volunteer component of the British Army from 1908 to 1920 when it became the Territorial Army. The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary Citizens to provide defense emergency law enforcement or Paramilitary service ^[55] The 1st moved back to India in 1909, relieving the 2nd, which moved back to the UK; they remained stationed there until 1914. ^[56]

First World War (1914-1919)

At the outbreak of the First World War, the 1st was in India, and returned to the UK in November; the 2nd was immediately deployed with the British Expeditionary Force, arriving in France on August 14^[57] and seeing action on the afternoon of the 23rd. The British Expeditionary Force ( BEF) was the British army sent to the Western Front in France and Belgium on the outbreak of Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures ^[58] The Special Reserve had been mobilised, with the 3rd Battalion activated at Weymouth, and all seven battalions of the Territorial Force had mobilised and raised an additional second-line battalion by the end of 1914. ^[59] A further seven battalions of the New Army were formed in 1914, including two Pals battalions^[60] By the end of 1914, the regiment stood at a strength of 24 battalions;^[61] another six Territorial battalions and three New Army battalions (one of bantams) were formed in 1915. The New Army, often referred to as Kitchener's Army, was an (initially all-volunteer army formed in the United Kingdom following the outbreak of hostilities in The Pals battalions of World War I were units of the British Army that consisted of men who had enlisted together at special local recruiting drives with the promise A bantam, in British army usage was a soldier of less-than-average height ^[62] In 1916, one service and one reserve battalion were formed by merging depleted Territorial battalions,^[63] and in 1917 a labour battalion was formed. Labour battalions have been a form of Alternative service or Unfree labor in various countries in lieu of or resembling regular Military service. ^[64] In total, the Royal Scots raised some thirty-five battalions of infantry and over 100,000 men during the course of the First World War, of which fifteen battalions saw active service. 11,000 soldiers serving in the regiment were killed, and over 40,000 wounded. ^[65] Among other decorations and honours, the regiment won six Victoria Crosses. See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since ^[66]

The 1st, on returning from India, was placed in the 27th Division, a division made up of regular units which had been recalled from garrison duty, and arrived in France in December 1914. The British 27th Division was a First World War regular army Infantry division formed in late 1914 by combining various units that had been acting as It saw combat in the Action of St. Eloi and throughout the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915, before the division was withdrawn and moved to Salonika in November, where it spent the rest of the war It was sent to Georgia in December 1918 for operations against the Bolsheviks, and returned to Edinburgh in May 1919. The Second Battle of Ypres was the first time Germany used poison gas on a large scale on the Western Front in World War I and the first time Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη), Thessalonica, or Salonica is the second-largest city in Greece and the capital of Macedonia Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction ^[67] The 2nd was part of the 3rd Division, one of the first units of the British Expeditionary Force to be sent to France. The British Expeditionary Force ( BEF) was the British army sent to the Western Front in France and Belgium on the outbreak of It first saw action in the Battle of Mons, and thence at almost all of the major actions on the Western Front, before returning to Scotland in 1919. For the ancient Roman campaign see Battle of Mons Algidus. The Battle of Mons was the first major action of the British Expeditionary Force See Western Front (disambiguation for other meanings Western Front was a term used during the First and Second World ^[68]

The 1/4th and 1/7th mobilised in Edinburgh in August 1914, and were assigned to the 52nd (Lowland) Division. Whilst the division was mobilising, the 1/7th was involved in the Quintinshill rail crash, which killed 210 officers and men and wounded another 224. ^[69] They fought at the Battle of Gallipoli before being moved to Egypt in 1916 and serving in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Ottoman advance towards the Suez Canal The Ottoman Empire at the urging of their German ally chose to attack British and Egyptian forces in Egypt and shut the Suez Canal They were sent to France in April 1918 for the Second Battle of the Somme, and remained there until the end of the war. During the First World War, the Second Battle of the Somme of 1918 was fought on the Western Front from the end of the summer in the basin of Both battalions were reduced to a cadre in March 1919, and returned home to disband in May. En cadre is a military expression for a group around whom a unit is formed or a training staff ^[70]

The 1/5th mobilised in Edinburgh in August 1914, and were assigned to the 29th Division. The 29th Division can refer to British 29th Division 29th Infantry Division (United States They fought at the Battle of Gallipoli, then to France via Egypt, and saw action on the first day on the Somme. The first day on the Somme, 1 July 1916, was the opening day of the Battle of Albert, which was the first phase of the British The 1/6th had mobilised at the same time and been dispatched to Egypt in 1915 for the Western Frontier Force; it too was withdrawn to France for the Somme. The two heavily depleted battalions were amalgamated in July 1916, and spent the remainder of war on the Western Front as the 5/6th. After the war, it remained in Belgium until January 1919 when it moved into Germany, and was reduced to a cadre in October 1919 and sent home to be disbanded. ^[71]

The 1/8th mobilised at Haddington in August 1914, and arrived in France in November - the first Scottish territorial unit to arrive in France^[72] - with the 7th Division, though they did not see action until the Battle of Neuve Chapelle. In military terms 7th Division may refer to; Infantry divisions 7th Division (Australia 7th Infantry Division (United Kingdom The Battles of Neuve Chapelle and Artois was a battle in the First World War. After the Second Battle of Ypres, in August 1915, they were transferred to the 51st (Highland) Division as the divisional pioneers, and disbanded in March 1919 at Haddington^[73] The 1/9th mobilised at Edinburgh in August 1914, and moved to France in February 1915 with the 27th Division; when this moved to Salonika in November they remained in France, transferring to the 5th Division, and then to Third Army reserve. The Second Battle of Ypres was the first time Germany used poison gas on a large scale on the Western Front in World War I and the first time An Assault Pioneer is a trained Infantry soldier who is responsible for The construction of tools for infantry soldiers to cross enemy terrain and natural obstacles In military terms 27th Division or 27th Infantry Division may refer to; Infantry divisions: 27th Division (German Empire The British 5th Infantry Division was established by Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington for service in the Peninsula War and has been active for most of the They were assigned to the 51st (Highland) Division in March 1916, with whom they fought for two years, then to the 61st (South Midland) Division and 15th (Scottish) Division in 1918. ^[74] After the war, they were reduced to a cadre and disbanded in Belgium in May 1919.

The 11th, 12th and 13th were raised in August 1914 in Edinburgh, with the 11th and 12th allocated to 9th (Scottish) Division and the 13th to 15th (Scottish) Division, and moved to France in mid-1915. The 9th (Scottish Division, was one of the Kitchener's Army divisions raised from volunteers by Lord Kitchener to serve on the Western Front They first saw action at the Battle of Loos, where the 11th was almost wiped out,^[75] and spent the remainder of the war on the Western Front. The Battle of Loos was one of the major British offensives mounted on the Western Front in 1915 during World War I. The 11th and 12th moved into to Germany after the armistice; the 12th was reduced to a cadre in April 1919 and disbanded in the UK in June, whilst the 11th was reduced to a cadre and disbanded at Cologne in November. The 13th remained in Belgium, being reduced to a cadre in March 1919 and disbanded in the UK in June. ^[76]

The 15th was raised in September 1914, the 16th in December 1914, and the 17th in February 1915, in Edinburgh. The 15th and 16th were assigned to the British 34th Division and the 17th to the 35th Infantry Division, moved to France in early 1916, and first saw action at the first day on the Somme; all three spent the remainder of the war on the Western Front. The British 34th Division was a New Army division formed in April 1915 as part of the K4 Army Group The first day on the Somme, 1 July 1916, was the opening day of the Battle of Albert, which was the first phase of the British The 15th and 16th were reduced to cadres in May 1918 and disbanded in August; the 17th was based in Belgium after the armstice, and provided internal security in France and Belgium in early 1919, before being reduced to a cadre in April and disbanded shortly afterwards. ^[77]

The 2/10th was originally mobilised as bicycle infantry, but never served in this role. Bicycle infantry are Infantry Soldiers who maneuver on the battlefield using Bicycles The term dates from the late 19th century when the " Safety It was the only second-line battalion of the regiment to be sent overseas, moving to Archangel in August 1918, and serving in the North Russia Campaign until June 1919, when it returned to Scotland to disband. The North Russia Campaign (also known as the Northern Russian Expedition or the Allied Intervention in North Russia) was part of the Allied Intervention in Russia ^[78] The remaining battalions all remained in the UK on Home Service, and did not see active duty. However, six saw significant periods of service in Ireland, where they served as garrison units, and were often involved in local security - armed patrols, mobile columns to 'show the flag', and the like. ^[79]

Inter-war period (1919-1939)

The regiment was reduced sharply in size following the Armstice; during 1919, the 3rd Battalion disbanded, as did all bar one of the Territorial battalions (the one exception being the 2/10th, which finally disbanded in February 1920). ^[80]

In September 1919, the 1st Battalion again embarked for imperial service, taking up garrison duties in Rangoon, and in August 1920 the 2nd Battalion was sent to Ireland for service in what would later become the Anglo-Irish War; they would remain there until January 1922. Yangon (also known as Rangoon) is the largest city and a former capital of Burma. The Irish War of Independence (or Tan War, or Anglo-Irish War, Irish: Cogadh na Saoirse) from January 1919 to July 1921 was a guerrilla ^[81]

When the Territorial Force was reconstituted as the Territorial Army in 1920, all seven Territorial battalions of the regiment were reconstituted. The Territorial Army ( TA) is the principal and Volunteer reserve force of the British Army, the land armed forces branch of the United Kingdom At the beginning of 1921, the regiment was formally retitled The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment),^[82] and comprised two regular battalions, one Supplementary Reserve battalion, and four battalions of the newly-renamed Territorial Army, all four of which were activated during the 1921 coal strike. The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary Citizens to provide defense emergency law enforcement or Paramilitary service The Territorial Army ( TA) is the principal and Volunteer reserve force of the British Army, the land armed forces branch of the United Kingdom In January 1922, reductions in the military led to the amalgamation of the Territorial component into two battalions. ^[83] The three battalions not retained in 1921 were converted to support units outside the regimental structure. ^[84]

The 1st Battalion moved from Rangoon to Secunderabad in 1922, then to Aden in 1925. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Secunderabad ( Telugu:సికింద్రాబాద్)is They finally returned to the UK in 1926, barracked at Maryhill in Glasgow, where they saw duty in the General Strike. A general strike is a Strike action by a critical mass of the labour force in a city region or country Under the Cardwell system, it was common for one battalion to remain at home while the other one served overseas, and accordingly in January 1926 the 2nd Battalion moved to Egypt, then to China in 1928. In 1930 they moved to Quetta, then Lahore in 1934, and finally Hong Kong in January 1938. ( Urdu: کوئٹہ) ( Pashto: کوټه) also spelled Kwatah City is a variation of kwatkot a Pashto word meaning “fort ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders At the same time, the 1st Battalion was deployed to serve in the Palestine Insurgency, where it would remain for a year, until January 1939. The 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine was an uprising during the British mandate by Arabs in Palestine which lasted from 1936 to 1939 ^[85] Some sources suggest the 1st Battalion was briefly reorganised as a machine-gun battalion during this period. ^[86]

With the re-armament program in the late 1930s, the Territorial component of the regiment was heavily altered; one of the two battalions was converted into an anti-aircraft role in 1938^[87] whilst the other formed a duplicate battalion in August 1939. ^[88][89]

Second World War (1939-1945)

At the outbreak of the Second World War, the 1st Battalion was at Aldershot as part of 4th Infantry Brigade, 2nd Division;^[90] accordingly, it deployed to France with the British Expeditionary Force. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The 4th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom was a Second World War British Army brigade The British 2nd Division was originally formed in 1809 by Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington for service in the Peninsula War. The British Expeditionary Force ( BEF) was the British army sent to the Western Front in France and Belgium on the outbreak of It moved to Lecelles in September, and in May 1940 moved into Belgium during the Battle of France. Lecelles is a Village and commune in the Nord département of northern France. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those In World War II, the Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries The British forces were heavily hit by the German breakthrough, however, and fell back towards the coast; the battalion was deployed at Le Paradis, near Béthune, on May 25th to protect the flanks of the Dunkirk evacuation. Lestrem is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais département in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France. Béthune (Betun is a city and commune of northern France, sous-préfecture of the Pas-de-Calais département The Dunkirk evacuation, codenamed Operation Dynamo by the British was the Evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk ^[91] After being heavily hit by armoured attacks, the battalion ceased fighting on the afternoon of the 27th. ^[92] The adjacent unit, the 2nd Royal Norfolk Regiment, had almost one hundred men taken prisoner and later shot by their captors in the "Le Paradis massacre". The Royal Norfolk Regiment, originally formed as the Norfolk Regiment, was an infantry Regiment of the British Army. The Le Paradis massacre was a War crime committed by members of the 14th Company SS Division Totenkopf, under the command of Hauptsturmführer ^[93] Recent research has suggested that around twenty Royal Scots may have suffered a similar fate. ^[94] The remnants of the battalion were reconstituted in Bradford in June. ^[95]

The two Territorial units, the 7/9th and 8th Battalions, mobilised in Scotland in September; the 7/9th was briefly deployed to France before the collapse of the French government, but was quickly withdrawn. ^[96] A fifth battalion, the 12th, was formed in 1940. ^[97]

Most of 1941 passed without active duty for the regiment, and with growing concerns about the stability of the Far East, the 2nd Battalion, still based at Hong Kong, moved into defensive positions around the colony. The Hong Kong Garrison was a British and Commonwealth force that protected Hong Kong. These fears materialised on December 8th, when the Battle of Hong Kong began a few hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor; after bitter fighting, the garrison surrendered on Christmas Day. The Battle of Hong Kong took place during the Pacific campaign of World War II. The newly-formed 12th Battalion was disbanded and reformed as the 2nd Battalion in May 1942. ^[98]

In April 1942 the 1st Battalion was moved to Bombay, and then to Chittagong in December with 2nd Division. The British 2nd Division was originally formed in 1809 by Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington for service in the Peninsula War. It fought in the Burma Campaign, first seeing action in the Arakan operations from March to May 1943, and then withdrawing into India. The Burma Campaign in the South-East Asian Theatre of World War II was fought primarily between British Commonwealth, Chinese and United It later saw action at the Battle of Kohima in 1944 and the Battle of Mandalay in 1945. The Battle of Kohima (the " Stalingrad of the East" was the turning point of the Japanese U Go offensive into India in 1944 in World War II It was withdrawn to India to refit in April 1945, and moved to Singapore in December. ^[99]

The 2nd Battalion moved to Gibraltar in April 1943, and moved to Italy in July 1944, where it saw action in the Italian Campaign. The Italian Campaign of World War II was the name of Allied operations in and around Italy, from 1943 to the end of the war. In January 1945 it moved to Palestine, where it was active in security duties in October and November, and was then redeployed to the Suez Canal Zone in December. The Suez Canal is a Canal in Egypt. Opened in 1869 it allows Water transportation between Europe and Asia without circumnavigation ^[100]

The 7th/9th Battalion was part of 52nd (Lowland) Division, which trained for mountain and airlanding operations, but was never used in this way. A Kangaroo was a World War II British or Commonwealth Armoured personnel carrier (APC created by conversion of a Tank In October 1944 it moved to the Netherlands, fighting in the Battle of the Scheldt and participating in the advance to the Rhine; it crossed the Rhine in March 1945 and advanced to Bremen by the end of the war. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Battle of the Scheldt was a series of Military operations of the First Canadian Army, led by Lieutenant General Guy Simonds. ^[101]

The 8th Battalion remained in the UK as part of 15th (Scottish) Division until June 1944, when it landed in Normandy as part of Operation Overlord. Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. Operation Overlord was the code name for the invasion of northwest Europe during World War II by Allied forces It fought in north-west Europe until the end of the war; it entered Belgium in September, crossed the Rhine in March 1945 and advanced to Hamburg by the end of the war. ^[102]

Post-war period (1945-2004)

In 1949, the 2nd Battalion disbanded, leaving the regiment with only a single regular battalion for the first time since the seventeenth century.

The 7th/9th (Highlanders) and 8th Battalions were reconstituted in the Territorial Army in 1947. Both battalions remained until 1961, when the latter was absorbed and the single battalion retitled the 8th/9th Battalion. In 1967 this was disbanded and reconstituted as two separate companies, A Company (The Royal Scots) of the 52nd Lowland Volunteers, and A Company (8th/9th Royal Scots) of The Royal Scots and Cameronians Territorials. By 1971, both companies were in the battalions of the 52nd Lowland Volunteers, and though the Royal Scots name was retained in the title the regiment no longer had a Territorial Army element. None of these units were activated for service.

The 1st Battalion briefly saw service in the Korean War in 1953, as part of 29th Infantry Brigade; after a brief spell in Egypt, they deployed to Cyprus from June 1955 to February 1956. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the The 29th Infantry Brigade was a unit of the British Army. It saw service during the Second World War and the Korean War. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía They then spent two years in England, two in Berlin, one in Scotland, two in Libya, and four in England. In 1964, they deployed to Aden, then back to England and a three-year spell in Germany with the British Army of the Rhine. Aden (ˈeɪdən Arabic: عدن) is a city in Yemen, 170 kilometers east of Bab-el-Mandeb. There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine (BAOR

1970 to 1974 was spent in Britain as part of the Allied Command Europe Mobile Force, with the battalion undertaking two four-month tours of duty in Northern Ireland; Then posted to Cyprus in early 1974. Unfortunately the Turks invaded the island and created the "Green Line" which still partitions the island. During the action of moving service families and holidaymakers to safety from Limassol, Piper Halliday played at the roadside becoming known as "The piper of Cyprus". This had put the Regiment on a war footing and they were involved in riots attacking the Akrotiri airbase and protection of the Sovereign Area Base of Episkopi. They were relieved in early 1975 returning unexpectedly to Kirknewton near Edinburgh and did a further four month tour of Northern Ireland where three soldiers were lost in a roadside bomb attack. They moved to Münster in mid-1976 and equipped as an armoured infantry battalion, returning to Scotland in 1979. In 1980 they undertook a two-month tour in Northern Ireland, and moved there under 39th Infantry Brigade in 1981 for a two-year deployment. The British 39th Infantry Brigade is a military formation of the British Army that was first established during World War I and reformed in the 1950s In 1985, they returned to Germany, deploying to the Persian Gulf in 1991 for Operation Desert Storm, where they operated with 4th Armoured Brigade. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the The 4th Mechanized Brigade is a British Army brigade formed during the Second World War, it is currently based in Osnabrück, Germany.

In 1994, the battalion gained a company of Ghurkas, who were later transferred to The Highlanders. Deployments in the 1990s included a further one-year tour to Northern Ireland and two short deployments to Bosnia. In 2003 the battalion was deployed to Iraq as part of Operation Telic for four months, returning in January 2006. Operation (or Op TELIC is the codename under which all British operations of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq and after are being conducted

Restructuring of the Infantry (2004-2006)

Until 2004, the Royal Scots had been one of five line infantry regiments never to be amalgamated in its entire history, a claim shared by The Green Howards, The 22nd (Cheshire) Regiment, The Royal Welch Fusiliers and The King's Own Scottish Borderers. The Green Howards (Alexandra Princess of Wales's Own Yorkshire Regiment was an Infantry Regiment of the British Army, part of the King's Division The Cheshire Regiment was an Infantry Regiment of the British Army, part of the Prince of Wales' Division. The Royal Welch Fusiliers were a Regiment of the British Army, part of the Prince of Wales' Division. The King's Own Scottish Borderers was an Infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Scottish Division.

In 2004, as part of the Delivering Security in a Changing World defence review, it was announced that the Scottish Division would lose an infantry battalion. The 2003 Defence White Paper, entitled Delivering Security in a Changing World sets out the future of the British military, and builds on the 1998 The Scottish Division is a British Army Infantry command training and administrative apparatus designated for all Scottish line infantry units This was achieved through the amalgamation on March 23, 2006, of the Royal Scots with the King's Own Scottish Borderers, with the single battalion forming part of the new Royal Regiment of Scotland. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The King's Own Scottish Borderers was an Infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Scottish Division. The Royal Regiment of Scotland (SCOTS is the senior and only Scottish Line infantry regiment of the British Army Infantry.

The Royal Scots Borderers

Main article: Royal Scots Borderers

On March 28, 2006, the Royal Scots ceased to exist as an independent regiment, being joined with the five other regular regiments of the Scottish Division to form The Royal Regiment of Scotland. The Royal Scots Borderers is the name given to the 1st Battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. The Scottish Division is a British Army Infantry command training and administrative apparatus designated for all Scottish line infantry units The Royal Regiment of Scotland (SCOTS is the senior and only Scottish Line infantry regiment of the British Army Infantry. The Royal Scots were designated simply as The Royal Scots Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Scotland, with no number; it is notable that the battalions of the Royal Regiment of Scotland were unique among the new large regiments in retaining their regimental titles for the new battalions. In August of that year, as planned, the Scottish Division was reduced from six battalions to five by amalgamation, with the Royal Scots Battalion being amalgamated with the King's Own Scottish Borderers Battalion to form The Royal Scots Borderers, 1st Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland. The King's Own Scottish Borderers was an Infantry regiment of the British Army, part of the Scottish Division. The Royal Scots Borderers is the name given to the 1st Battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. The Royal Regiment of Scotland (SCOTS is the senior and only Scottish Line infantry regiment of the British Army Infantry.

The remaining Territorial element of the Royal Scots, a rifle company of 52nd Lowland Regiment, was likewise amalgamated, becoming A (Royal Scots Borderers) Company of 6th Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Scotland. The 52nd Lowland Regiment now forms the 6th Battalion of The Royal Regiment of Scotland, also known as 6 SCOTS.

Alliances

• The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's)
• The Royal Newfoundland Regiment-- Canada

Battle honours

• Tangier 1680, Namur 1695, Blenheim, Ramillies, Oudenarde, Malplaquet, Louisburg, Havannah, Egmont-op-Zee, Egypt,^[103] St Lucia 1803, Corunna, Busaco, Salamanca, Vittoria, San Sebastian, Nive, Peninsula, Niagara, Waterloo, Nagpore, Maheidpoor, Ava, Alma, Inkerman, Sevastopol, Taku Forts, Pekin 1860, South Africa 1899-1902
• The Great War (33 battalions): Mons, Le Cateau, Retreat from Mons, Marne 1914 '18, Aisne 1914, La Bassée 1914, Neuve Chapelle, Ypres 1915 '17 '18, Gravenstafel, St Julien, Frezenberg, Bellewaarde, Aubers, Festubert 1915, Loos, Somme 1916 '18, Albert 1916 '18, Bazentin, Pozières, Flers-Courcelette, Le Transloy, Ancre Heights, Ancre 1916 '18, Arras 1917 '18, Scarpe 1917 '18, Arleux, Pilckem, Langemarck 1917, Menin Road, Polygon Wood, Poelcappelle, Passchendaele, Cambrai 1917, St Quentin, Rosières, Lys, Estaires, Messines 1918, Hazebrouck, Bailleul, Kemmel, Béthune, Soissonnais-Ourcq, Tardenois, Amiens, Bapaume 1918, Drocourt-Quéant, Hindenburg Line, Canal du Nord, St Quentin Canal, Beaurevoir, Courtrai, Selle, Sambre, France and Flanders 1914-18, Struma, Macedonia 1915-18, Helles, Landing at Helles, Krithia, Suvla, Scimitar Hill, Gallipoli 1915-16, Rumani, Egypt 1915-16, Gaza, El Mughar, Nebi Samwil, Jaffa, Palestine 1917-18, Archangel 1918-19
• The Second World War: Dyle, Defence of Escaut, St Omer-La-Bassée, Odon, Cheux, Defence of Rauray, Caen, Esquay, Mont Pincon, Aart, Nederrijn, Best, Scheldt, Flushing, Meijel, Venlo Pocket, Roer, Rhineland, Reichswald, Cleve, Goch, Rhine, Uelzen, Bremen, Artlenberg, North-West Europe 1940, '44-45, Gothic Line, Marradi, Monte Gamberaldi, Italy 1944-45, South East Asia 1941, Donbaik, Kohima, Relief of Kohima, Aradura, Shwebo, Mandalay, Burma 1943-45
• Wadi Al Batin, Gulf 1991

Nicknames

Their nickname as Pontius Pilate's bodyguard, originated from a 17th century boasting contest with the French Regiment of Picardy, who boasted that prior to the Resurrection Christ's tomb was guarded by the French regiment. The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary's is a Primary Reserve Infantry Regiment of the Canadian Forces based on Vancouver Island The Royal Newfoundland Regiment - (R NFLD R traces its origins to 1795 and since 1949 it has been a Militia or reserve unit of the Canadian Forces. Within the body of Christian beliefs the resurrection of Jesus is a core event on which much of Christian doctrine and theology depend Christ is the English term for the Greek ( Khristós) meaning "the anointed " Both claims are, of course, baseless.

The Royal Scots were also known as "First of foot, right of the line and the pride of the British army" The 7/9 battalion was known as "The Dandy Ninth" being the only kilted battalion of this lowland regiment which was mainly recruited from highlanders emigrated to the Edinburgh area. ^[104] The 2nd Battalion was sardonically referred to as "The First to Foot It" during the Battle of Hong Kong. The Battle of Hong Kong took place during the Pacific campaign of World War II. ^[105]

Footnotes

References

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