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"RNR" redirects here. For other uses, see RNR (disambiguation).
Blue Ensign flown by merchant vessels commanded by officers in the RNR.
Blue Ensign flown by merchant vessels commanded by officers in the RNR.

Flag of the United Kingdom
Naval Service
Components
Royal Navy
Royal Marines
History
History of the Royal Navy
History of the Royal Marines
Future of the Royal Navy
Ships
Current Fleet
Current deployments
Historic ships
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Royal Fleet Auxiliary
Royal Maritime Auxiliary Service

The Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) is the volunteer reserve force of the Royal Navy (RN) in the United Kingdom. The Naval Service is the Naval branch of the British Armed Forces, which includes civilian agencies under the control of the Navy Board. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) The Surface Fleet is the name given to the collection of surface vessels (as opposed to Submarines or Aircraft) of the British Royal Navy. The Fleet Air Arm is the branch of the Royal Navy responsible for the operation of the aircraft on board their ships The Royal Navy Submarine Service is the collective name given to the Submarine element of the Royal Navy. The Royal Navy Police ( RNP) or Royal Naval Police, formerly known as the Royal Navy Regulating Branch, is the Military police branch of Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service ( QARNNS) is the Nursing branch of the British Royal Navy. The Royal Marines ( RM) are the marine corps and amphibious Infantry of the United Kingdom and along with the Royal Navy The role of the Royal Marines Reserve ( RMR) of the United Kingdom is to support the regular Royal Marines[http //www The British Royal Navy was formally created after the Union between England and Scotland in 1707 which merged the English Navy with the Royal Scots Navy The Corps of Royal Marines, the Infantry land fighting element of the Royal Navy, was formed as part of the naval service in 1755 At the beginning of the 1990s the Royal Navy was a force designed for the Cold War - with its three small aircraft carriers and a force of ASW frigates and destroyers its main This is a list of active Royal Navy ships, complete and correct as of July 2008 Although the majority of the Royal Navy fleet unless required remains training and exercising in and around Home Waters the Navy has a number of standing commitments including those Fictional Many novels about the Royal Navy feature fictional ships, but most use real names. The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. This is a list of senior officers of the Royal Navy. Lord High Admirals 1413&ndash1628 Thomas Beaufort Duke of Exeter 1413&ndash1426 The uniforms of the Royal Navy have evolved gradually since the first uniform regulations for officers were issued by Lord Anson in 1748 Officers Uniforms for naval officers were not authorised until 1748 Trade (Branch Badges Ratings in the Royal Navy also carry trade badges on the right sleeve to indicate their specific job (the information carried on the left arm is the individual's The Ministry of Defence ( MoD) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for implementation of government defence policy and is the headquarters The Royal Fleet Auxiliary ( RFA) is a component of the Naval Service that keeps the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom running around the world Organisation The RMAS merged with the former Port Auxiliary Service in 1976 to form a component of the Naval Service that is known as Marine Services The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

Contents

History

Main article: History of the Royal Naval Reserve

The present Royal Naval Reserve was formed in 1958 merging the original Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) founded under the Naval Reserve Act in 1859 as a reserve of professional seamen from the merchant service and fishing fleets and the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR), a reserve of civilian volunteers founded later in 1903. The Royal Naval Reserve are a part of the Royal Navy of the United Kingdom. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting

The RNR was originally a reserve of seamen only but in 1862 this was extended to include recruitment and training of officers. From its creation, RNR officers wore a unique, distinctive lace consisting of stripes of interwoven chain.

A number of drillships were established at the main seaports around the coast of Britain and Ireland and seamen left their vessels in the base ports to undertake gunnery training in a drillship for a period of one month annually. After initial shore training officers embarked in larger ships of the fleet (usually battleships or battle cruisers) for a one year period to familiarise themselves with gunnery and naval practice. Although under the operational authority of the Admiral Commanding Reserves, the RNR was administered jointly by the Admiralty and the Registrar General of Shipping and Seamen in the Board of Trade throughout its separate existence. The Admiralty was formerly the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. The Board of Trade is a committee of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom, originating as a committee of inquiry in the 17th century and evolving gradually into a government In 1910, the RNR (Trawler Section) was formed to actively recruit and train fishermen for wartime service in minesweepers and minor war vessels. A minesweeper is a Naval Warship designed to counter the threat posed by Naval mines The dedicated purpose-built minesweeper first appeared during

Officers and men of the RNR soon gained the respect of their naval counterparts with their professional skills in navigation and seamanship and served with distinction in a number of conflicts including the Boer War and Boxer Rebellion. Prior to the First World War, 100 RNR officers were transferred to permanent careers in the regular navy - forever after referred to as 'the hungry hundred'. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In their professional careers, many RNR officers went on to command the largest passenger liners of the day and held senior positions in the shipping industry and government.

On mobilisation in 1914, the RNR consisted of 30,000 officers and men. Officers of the permanent RNR on general service quickly took up seagoing appointments in the fleet, many in command, in destroyers, submarines, auxiliary cruisers and Q ships. In naval terminology a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance Warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, Convoy A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability Armed Merchantmen has come to mean merchant ships equipped with guns usually for defensive purposes either by design or after the fact Mystery Ship redirects here For the 1917 film serial see The Mystery Ship. Others served in larger units of the battle fleet including a large number with the West Indies Squadron who became casualties at the Battle of Coronel and later Jutland. The World War I naval Battle of Coronel took place on 1 November 1914 off the coast of central Chile near the city of Coronel fix various bugs per WikipediaHow to fix bunched-up edit links --> Fishermen of the RNR(T) section served with distinction onboard trawlers fitted out as minesweepers for mine clearance operations at home and abroad throughout the war where they suffered heavy casualties and losses. A number of RNR officers qualified as pilots and flew aircraft and airships with the RNAS whilst many RNR ratings served ashore alongside the RN and RNVR contingents in the trenches of the Somme and at Gallipoli with the Royal Naval Division. The Royal Naval Air Service or RNAS was the air arm of the Royal Navy until near the end of the First World War, when it merged with the British The Battle of the Somme, also known as the Somme Offensive, fought from July to November 1916 was among the largest battles of the First World War The British 63rd (Royal Naval Division was a First World War division of the New Army. Merchant service officers and men serving in armed merchant cruisers, hospital ships, fleet auxiliaries and transports were entered in the RNR for the duration of the war on special agreements. Armed Merchantmen has come to mean merchant ships equipped with guns usually for defensive purposes either by design or after the fact A hospital ship is a Ship designated for primary function as a medical treatment facility or Hospital; most are operated by the Military

Although considerably smaller than both the RN and the RNVR (three times the size of the RNR at the end of the First World War) the RNR had an exceptional war record being awarded 12 Victoria Crosses. See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since

On commencement of hostilities in the Second World War, the RN once again called upon the experience and professionalism of the RNR from the outset to help them shoulder the initial burden until sufficient manpower could be trained for the RNVR and 'hostilities only' ratings. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Again, RNR officers found themselves in command of destroyers, frigates, sloops, landing craft and submarines, or as specialist navigation officers in cruisers and aircraft carriers. For the bird see Frigatebird. A frigate /ˈfrɪgɪt/ is a warship For the military definition of sloop see Sloop-of-war. For the open learning project see SLOOP Project. Landing craft are Boats and seagoing vehicles used to convey a Landing force ( Infantry and Vehicles) from the sea to the shore during an An aircraft carrier is a Warship designed with In convoy work, the convoy commodore or escort commander was often an RNR officer. A convoy is a group of Vehicles (of any type but usually motor vehicles or ships traveling together for mutual support As in the First World War, the RNR acquitted itself well, winning 4 VCs.

During World War II no more ratings were accepted into the RNVR which then became the main route for wartime officer entry. The service was called the "Wavy Navy" after the wavy sleeve stripes that RNVR officers wore to differentiate them from RN/RNR officers. These have since been replaced by the straight rank lacing used in the full-time RN, with the addition of a small 'R' in the centre of the executive curl, which has been discontinued for all other than honorary officers from 30 November 2007.

As 'nominal' members of the RNR, officers of the Sea Cadet Corps and the RN CCF Combined Cadet Force retain the use of the former RNVR 'wavy navy' lace, and are 'appointed' within their respective Corps, rather than commissioned (unless they also hold a commission as officers within the 'mainstream' RNR). The Sea Cadet Corps ( SCC) is a national youth organisation sponsored by the Royal Navy and open to young people between the ages of 10-18 years old The Combined Cadet Force (CCF is a Ministry of Defence sponsored youth organisation in the United Kingdom.

From 1938 until 1957 the RNVR provided aircrew personnel in the form of their own Air Branch. After the war in 1947, their contribution was cut to anti-submarine and fighter units only. By 1957 it was considered that the training required to operate modern equipment was beyond that expected of reservists and the Air branch squadrons were disbanded.

The British naval reserve forces were amalgamated in 1958, and the RNR was absorbed into the much larger RNVR organisation. After 100 years of proud service the RNR as a separate professional naval service ceased to exist. However, the centenary of the formation of the RNVR (formed in 1903) was commemorated by the RNR in London in 2003 with a parade on Horse Guards at which HRH Prince Charles took the salute.

Defence reviews over the last 50 years have been inconsistent. Successive reviews have seen reserve forces cut then enlarged, allocated new roles, then withdrawn, then re-imposed. Options for Change in 1990 reduced the RNR by 1,200 and closed many training centres, including HMS Calpe (Gibraltar), HMS Wessex(Southampton) and HMS Graham (Glasgow). Options for Change was a restructuring of the British Armed Forces in 1990, aimed at cutting defence spending following the end of the Cold War. Four ships of the Royal Navy, and a division of the Royal Naval Reserve have borne the name HMS Wessex, after the historical Anglo-Saxon kingdom The Strategic Defence Review in 1998 continued this by removing the RNR cold war mine warfare role, but promised to increase the RNR by 350 posts. The Strategic Defence Review (or SDR was a policy document produced by the Labour Government that came to power in 1997. The restructured RNR was designed to "provide an expanded pool of personnel to provide additional reinforcements for the Fleet”, mainly in the roles of logistics and communications.

This left the mine-warfare, seaman and diving specialists in "limbo" until the second Gulf War, when the Royal Navy realised it had a pool of reservists with no real sea post. Echoing the Royal Naval Division in World War I, the Above Water Force Protection branch was formed "from RN reservists with no draft appointment at the outbreak of war. The British 63rd (Royal Naval Division was a First World War division of the New Army. " Because of a lack of full-time personnel, mine-warfare and diving has recently returned (in part) to the RNR. Officers and ratings currently serve on active service in Full Time Reserve Service billets throughout the RN, as well as in mobilised posts in Afghanistan, the Middle East, the Balkans and the UK.

As of 1 July 2007, due to increasing involvement in RN operations and deployments, officers and ratings of the RNR are able to cease wearing differentiation marks on uniform, i. e. officers do not have to wear the RNR "R" in the curls of their cuff/epaulette rank insignia and other ranks no longer have to wear RNR epaulettes or RNR shoulder flashes.

Following the disbandment of the associated Royal Naval Auxiliary Service (RNXS) in 1994, the Maritime Volunteer Service was formed as a national maritime training organisation with charitable status. See also Royal Navy Royal Naval Reserve Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Maritime Volunteer It has taken over and expanded many RNXS roles.

RNR Units

The modern RNR has fourteen Royal Naval Reserve Units (with 6 satellite units). These are:

The University Royal Naval Units, although under the jurisdiction of BRNC Dartmouth, are also a part of the Royal Naval Reserve, with students holding the title "Midshipman RNR". Rosyth (pronounced Ross-sythe ( Scottish Gaelic: Ros Saidhe or Ros Saoithe) is a town located on the Firth of Forth on Scotland 's Dundee (Dùn Dèagh is the fourth-largest city in Scotland and fully named as Dundee City, one of Scotland's 32 local government council Sully (Y Sili is a village in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales lying on the northern coast of the Bristol Channel, midway between the towns of Penarth Swansea ( Abertawe "mouth of the Tawe " is a city and county in Wales. Greenock ( Gaelic Grianaig g̊ɾʲiənɛg̊ʲ is a large town and former Burgh of barony in the Inverclyde Council area of western HMS Flying Fox is a Royal Naval Reserve unit located in Bristol, England. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London History A Tyne based division of the Royal Naval Reserve was established in 1905 and used the old ''Calypso'' class third class cruiser HMS Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. Present day The division consists of over 370 officers and ratings making it one of the largest in the country London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format History The Mersey Division of the RNVR was established in Customs House Liverpool in 1904 before moving to HMS ''Eagle'', a 50 gun Frigate at Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Llandudno (pronounced /ɬan'dɪdnɔ/ is a Seaside resort and Town in Conwy, Wales. Her Majesty's Naval Base (HMNB Devonport ( HMS ''Drake'') is one of three UK operating bases for the Royal Navy (the others being HMNB Clyde and Nottingham ( is a city in the Ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England. Ceres Division RNR Ceres Division is a unit of the Royal Naval Reserve (RNR based in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England History See also History of Portsmouth There have been settlements in the area since before Roman times mostly being offshoots of Portchester, which Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um Construction and service HMS Caroline was built by Cammell Laird of Birkenhead. Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. Five ships and a number of Shore establishments of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Wildfire: Ships was a Fireship RAF Chicksands was a Royal Air Force station in Bedfordshire, England, which closed in 1997 when responsibility for the camp was taken over by the Chicksands is a village in the Mid Bedfordshire district of Bedfordshire, England, and part of the Civil parish of Campton and Chicksands A University Royal Naval Unit ( URNU) is a Royal Navy training establishment connected to a university or a number of universities concentrated in one area Britannia Royal Naval College (BRNC is the initial officer training establishment of the Royal Navy, located on a hill overlooking Dartmouth, Devon For the fish called midshipman see Midshipman fish. The rank of midshipman is one of the oldest ranks still in existence

Famous members of the RNR

The RNR had an exceptional war record, as evidenced by the dozen 12 Victoria Crosses awarded in WWI; and demonstrations of exceptional merit continued in peacetime.

RNVR Units

Since its inception in 1903, the RNVR has diversified as times changed and the needs of the Royal Navy evolved. Sir Samuel Robinson KBE (1870-1958 born in Hull England was an early 20th century British-Canadian mariner a Commander in the Royal Naval Reserve established The struck the Kantō plain on the Japanese main island of Honshū at 1158 on the morning of September 1, 1923.

Famous Members of the RNVR

Many notable people have served in the RNVR, including:

Fictional Members of the RNVR

Commonwealth Naval Reserve Forces

There are also naval reserve forces operated by other Commonwealth of Nations navies, including the Royal Australian Naval Reserve (RANR), the Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNZNVR), and the Canadian Naval Reserve. The Royal Australian Naval Reserve (RANR is the volunteer reserve force of the Royal Australian Navy in Australia. The Royal New Zealand Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNZNVR is the volunteer reserve force of the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN Previously there were also colonial RNVR units, such as the Straits Settlements Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (SSRNVR), Ceylon Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (CRNVR), Hong Kong Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (HKRNVR) and the South African Division of the RNVR.

See also

External links

The Royal Naval Patrol Service (RNPS was a branch of the Royal Navy active during the Second World War. The Decoration for Officers of the Royal Naval Reserve ( RD) is a medal awarded in the Royal Naval Reserve of the United Kingdom to officers who have spent The Volunteer Reserve Decoration ( VD until 1947 then VRD) was awarded to Commissioned officers in the United Kingdom 's Royal Naval Volunteer The Royal Auxiliary Air Force ( RAuxAF) is the volunteer reserve part of the Royal Air Force. The Territorial Army ( TA) is the principal and Volunteer reserve force of the British Army, the land armed forces branch of the United Kingdom The role of the Royal Marines Reserve ( RMR) of the United Kingdom is to support the regular Royal Marines[http //www
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