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The term Royal Commission may also be used in the United Kingdom to describe the group of Lords Commissioners who may act in the stead of the Sovereign to grant Royal Assent to legislation passed by Parliament. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Lords Commissioners are Privy Counsellors appointed by the Monarch of the United Kingdom to exercise on his or her behalf certain functions relating to TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which a constitutional monarch completes the legislative process of Lawmaking by formally assenting to an The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories

In states that are Commonwealth Realms a Royal Commission is a major government public inquiry into an issue. A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. A Commonwealth realm is any one of 16 sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that each have Elizabeth II as their respective Monarch A public inquiry is an official Review of events or actions ordered by a country's state's or province's government They have been held in states such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and Saudi Arabia. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi In Hong Kong, Ireland and South Africa, a Commission of Enquiry or Commission of Inquiry is similarly organised. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

A Royal Commissioner has considerable powers, generally greater even than those of a judge but restricted to the "Terms of Reference" of the Commission. A judge, or justice, is an Official who presides over a Court of law The Commission is created by the Head of State (Sovereign, Governor-General or Governor) on the advice of the Government and formally appointed by Letters Patent. Letters patent are a type of Legal instrument in the form of an Open letter issued by a Monarch or Government, granting an office right In practice—unlike lesser forms of inquiry—once a Commission has started the government cannot stop it. Consequently governments are usually very careful about framing the Terms of Reference and generally include in them a date by which the commission must finish.

Royal Commissions are called to look into matters of great importance and usually controversy. These can be matters such as government structure, the treatment of minorities, events of considerable public concern or economic questions. Some critics accuse Royal Commissions of being little more than a way to end public criticism of government inaction without actually doing anything.

Many Royal Commissions last many years and, often, a different government is left to respond to the findings. In Australia—and particularly New South Wales—Royal Commissions have been investigations into police and government corruption and organised crime using the very broad coercive powers of the Royal Commissioner to defeat the protective systems that powerful, but corrupt, public officials had used to shield themselves from conventional investigation. Political corruption is the use of governmental powers by government officials for illegitimate private gain "Crime syndicate" redirects here For the DC Comics group of villains see Crime Syndicate.

Royal Commissions are usually chaired by one or more notable figures. Because of their quasi-judicial powers the Commissioners are often retired senior judges. A quasi-judicial body is an individual or organization which has powers resembling those of a Court of law or Judge and is able to remedy a situation or impose legal Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely

Royal Commissions usually involve research into an issue, consultations with experts both within and outside of government and public consultations as well. The Warrant may grant immense investigatory powers, including summoning witnesses under oath, offering of indemnities, seizing of documents and other evidence (sometimes including those normally protected, such as classified information), holding hearings in camera if necessary and—in a few cases—compelling all government officials to aid in the execution of the Commission. An oath (from Anglo-Saxon āð, also called plight) is either a Promise or a Statement of Fact calling In Camera was a musical project of Andrew Gray, who later formed The Wolfgang Press.

The results of Royal Commissions are published in, often, massive reports of findings containing policy recommendations. (Due to the verbose nature of the titles of these formal documents, they are commonly known by the name of the principal Commissioner. The Kennedy Royal commission was a Royal Commission established in 2002 to determine whether any Western Australian Police officers had engaged in corrupt or criminal conduct Synecdoche is taken from Greek sinekdohi (συνεκδοχή meaning "simultaneous understanding" (si-nek-duh-kee (pronounced /sɪˈnɛkdoˌki/ ) While these reports are often quite influential, with the government enacting some or all recommendations into law, the work of some Commissions have been almost completely ignored by the government. In other cases, where the Commissioner has departed from the Warranted terms, the commission has been dissolved by a superior court.

Contents

Notable Royal Commissions

Australia

Main article: List of Australian Royal Commissions

Canada

Main article: List of Canadian Royal Commissions

Hong Kong

New Zealand

United Kingdom

Saudi Arabia

Malaysia

See also

The Royal Commission of Inquiry Into the VK Lingam Video Clip was formed in late 2007 to investigate into an allegation of illegal intervention into the judicial appointment process of Dato' Seri Anwar bin Ibrahim (born 10 August 1947) is a Malaysian politician who served as Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister from 1993 to 1998 The Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal bridge collapse occurred on July 31, 1988 at the Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal in Butterworth, This is a list of Royal Commissions appointed by the Government of Australia.
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