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A routing protocol is a protocol that specifies how routers communicate with each other to disseminate information that allows them to select routes between any two nodes on a network. In computing, a protocol is a convention or standard that controls or enables the connection Communication, and Data transfer between two computing A router ('rautər in the USA 'rutər in the UK and Ireland, or either pronunciation in Australia and Canada is a Computer whose software and hardware are usually A node ( Latin nodus, ‘knot’ is a critical element of any Computer network. Typically, each router has a priori knowledge only of its immediate neighbors. A routing protocol shares this information so that routers have knowledge of the network topology at large. For a discussion of the concepts behind routing protocols, see: Routing. Routing is the process of selecting paths in a network along which to send network traffic

The term routing protocol may refer more specifically to a protocol operating at Layer 3 of the OSI model which similarly disseminates topology information between routers. The Open Systems Interconnection Basic Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model) is an abstract description for layered communications and computer Network protocol

Many routing protocols used in the public Internet are defined in documents called RFCs. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks In Computer network Engineering, a Request for Comments (RFC is a Memorandum published by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF describing [1][2][3][4]

There are three major types of routing protocols, some with variants: link-state routing protocols, path vector protocols and distance vector routing protocols. A link-state routing protocol is one of the two main classes of Routing protocols used in packet-switched networks for Computer communications Examples of A path vector protocol is a computer network Routing protocol in which it maintains the path that update information takes as it diffuses through the network A distance-vector routing protocol is one of the two major classes of Routing protocols used in Packet-switched networks for Computer communications

The specific characteristics of routing protocols include the manner in which they either prevent routing loops from forming or break routing loops if they do form, and the manner in which they determine preferred routes from a sequence of hop costs and other preference factors.

Contents

Routed versus routing protocols

Confusion often arises between routing protocols and routed protocols. While routing protocols help the router in the decision-making on which paths to send traffic, routed protocols are responsible for the actual transfer of traffic between L3 devices. [5] Specifically, a routed protocol is any network protocol that provides enough information in its network layer address to allow a packet to be forwarded from one host to another host based on the addressing scheme, without knowing the entire path from source to destination. In computing, a protocol is a convention or standard that controls or enables the connection Communication, and Data transfer between two computing The Network Layer is Layer 3 (of seven in the OSI model of networking Routed protocols define the format and use of the fields within a packet. Packets generally are conveyed from end system to end system. Almost all layer 3 protocols and those that are layered over them are routable, with IP being an example. The Internet Protocol ( IP) is a protocol used for communicating data across a Packet-switched Internetwork using the Internet Protocol Layer 2 protocols such as Ethernet are necessarily non-routable protocols, since they contain only a link-layer address, which is insufficient for routing: some higher-level protocols based directly on these without the addition of a network layer address, such as NetBIOS, are also non-routable. The Data Link Layer is Layer 2 of the seven-layer OSI model. It responds to service requests from the Network Layer and issues service requests to the Ethernet is a family of frame -based Computer networking technologies for Local area networks (LANs NetBIOS ( is an acronym for Network Basic Input/Output System.

In some cases, routing protocols can themselves run over routed protocols: for example, BGP runs over TCP: care is taken in the implementation of such systems not to create a circular dependency between the routing and routed protocols. The Border Gateway Protocol ( BGP) is the core routing protocol of the Internet. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. That a routing protocol runs over particular transport mechanism does not mean that the routing protocol is of layer (N+1) if the transport mechanism is of layer (N). Routing protocols, according to the OSI Routeing[sic] framework, are layer management protocols for the network layer, regardless of their transport mechanism:

Examples

Ad hoc network routing protocols

Ad hoc network routing protocols appear in networks with no or little infrastructure. Intermediate system to intermediate system ( IS-IS) is a protocol used by network devices ( Routers to determine the best way to forward datagrams or packets through Open Shortest Path First ( OSPF) is a dynamic Routing protocol for use in Internet Protocol (IP networks Interior Gateway Routing Protocol ( IGRP) is a kind of IGP which is a Distance-vector routing protocol invented by Cisco, used by Routers Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol - ( EIGRP) is a Cisco proprietary Routing protocol loosely based on their original IGRP. The Routing Information Protocol (RIP is a dynamic routing protocol used in local area networks User Datagram Protocol ( UDP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. The Border Gateway Protocol ( BGP) is the core routing protocol of the Internet. The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. A wireless ad hoc network is a decentralized Wireless network.

Interior routing protocols

Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) exchange routing information within a single routing domain. An Ad hoc routing protocol is a convention or standard that controls how nodes come to agree which way to route packets between computing devices in a Mobile ad-hoc In the original definition and obsolete definition of the Border Gateway Protocol, Version 1 it was assumed that "A consistent view of the interior routes of the autonomous system A given autonomous system [6] can contain multiple routing domains, or a set of routing domains can be coordinated without being an Internet-participating autonomous system. In the Internet, an Autonomous System (AS is a collection of connected IP routing prefixes under the control of one or more network operators that presents a common Common examples include:

Note that IGRP, a Cisco proprietary routing protocol, is no longer supported. Interior Gateway Routing Protocol ( IGRP) is a kind of IGP which is a Distance-vector routing protocol invented by Cisco, used by Routers Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol - ( EIGRP) is a Cisco proprietary Routing protocol loosely based on their original IGRP. Open Shortest Path First ( OSPF) is a dynamic Routing protocol for use in Internet Protocol (IP networks The Routing Information Protocol (RIP is a dynamic routing protocol used in local area networks Intermediate system to intermediate system ( IS-IS) is a protocol used by network devices ( Routers to determine the best way to forward datagrams or packets through EIGRP accepts IGRP configuration commands, but the internals of IGRP and EIGRP are completely different.

Exterior routing protocols

Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs) route between separate autonomous systems. Examples include:

References

  1. ^ INTERNET PROTOCOL, RFC 791, J Postel, September 1981. The Exterior Gateway Protocol ( EGP) is a now obsolete Routing protocol for the Internet originally specified in 1982 by Eric C The Internet backbone refers to the main "trunk" connections of the Internet. The Border Gateway Protocol ( BGP) is the core routing protocol of the Internet. Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF is an extension of shortest path algorithms Events in September It is the start of the academic year in many countries in the Northern Hemisphere. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981
  2. ^ BROADCASTING INTERNET DATAGRAMS IN THE PRESENCE OF SUBNETS, RFC 922, Jeffrey Mogul, October 1984
  3. ^ Towards Requirements for IP Routers, RFC 1716, P. October events and holidays Children's Book Week ( England) - First Week of October National Day ( China People's Republic Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Almquist, November 1994
  4. ^ Requirements for IP Version 4 Routers, RFC 1812, F. Events in November All Saints' Day (formerly All Hallows Day a Christian holy day is celebrated on November 1, the day after Halloween Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Baker,June 1995
  5. ^ Routing and Routed Protocols
  6. ^ Guidelines for creation, selection, and registration of an Autonomous System (AS), RFC 1930, J. Events in June Madaraka Day June 1 to commemorate when Kenya gained internal self-rule Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Hawkison & T. Bates,March1996
Events in March American Red Cross Month Fire Prevention month ( The Philippines) Women's History Month ( United Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar)
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