Routine activity theory is a sub-field of rational choice criminology, developed by Marcus Felson. Rational choice theory, also known as rational action theory, is a framework for understanding and often formally modeling social and economic behavior Schools of thought In the mid-18th century criminology arose as social philosophers gave thought to crime and concepts of law
Routine activity theory says that crime is normal and depends on the opportunities available. In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment If a target is not protected enough, and if the reward is worth it, crime will happen. Crime does not need hardened offenders, super-predators, convicted felons or wicked people. Crime just needs an opportunity.
The basic premise of routine activity theory is that most crimes are petty theft and unreported to the police. In Criminal law, theft (also known as stealing or filching) is the illegal taking of another person's Property without that person's freely-given Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force Crime is not spectacular nor dramatic. It is mundane and happens all the time.
Another premise is that crime is relatively unaffected by social causes such as poverty, inequality, unemployment. Poverty (also called penury) is deprivation of common necessities that determine the quality of life including food clothing shelter and safe Drinking water, and In Mathematics, an inequality is a statement about the relative size or order of two objects or about whether they are the same or not (See also equality Unemployment occurs when a person is available to work and currently seeking work but the person is without work. For instance, after World War II, the economy of Western countries was booming and the Welfare states were expanding. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including During that time, crime rose significantly. According to Felson and Cohen, this is because the prosperity of contemporary society offers so much opportunities of crime: there is much more to steal.
Routine activity theory is controversial among sociologists who believe in the social causes of crime. But several types of crime are very well explained by routine activity theory including copyright infringement, related to peer-to-peer file sharing, employee theft, and corporate crime. 'Copyright infringement' (or copyright violation) is the unauthorized use of material that is covered by Copyright law in a manner that violates See Shared resource for the conventional meaning of file sharing File sharing refers to the providing and receiving of digital files over a In Criminology, corporate crime refers to crimes committed either by a Corporation (i
References
- Marcus Felson, Crime and Everyday Life. Insight and Implications for Society, Thousands Oaks : Pine Forge Press, 1994
- Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson, « Social Change and Crime Rate Trends : A Routine Activity Approach », American Sociological Review, 44 (4), 1979, pp. 588-608
- Ronald V. Clarke and Marcus Felson M. , 1993, « Introduction : Criminology, Routine Activity, and Rational Choice », Advances in Theoretical Criminology : Routine Activity and Rational Choice, vol. 5, pp. 1-14
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic