Roussanne is often blended in white wines with other Rhône grapes such as Marsanne and Viognier. Vitis vinifera ( Common Grape Vine) is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and This list of wine-producing regions catalogues significant Growing regions where Vineyards are planted The Rhône wine region in Southern France is situated in the Rhône river valley and produces numerous wines under various Appellation d'origine contrôlée Marsanne is a white Wine Grape, most commonly found in the northern Rhône, where it is often blended with Roussanne. Viognier (vee-ohn-yay is a white Wine Grape. It is the only permitted grape for the French wine Condrieu in the Rhone valley

Roussanne is a white wine grape grown originally in the Rhône wine region in France, where it is often blended with Marsanne. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is The Rhône wine region in Southern France is situated in the Rhône river valley and produces numerous wines under various Appellation d'origine contrôlée This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Marsanne is a white Wine Grape, most commonly found in the northern Rhône, where it is often blended with Roussanne. It is the only other white variety, besides Marsanne, allowed in the northern Rhône appellations of Crozes-Hermitage AOC, Hermitage AOC and Saint-Joseph AOC. Appellation d’origine contrôlée ( AOC) which translates as "controlled term of origin" is the French certification granted to certain French Crozes-Hermitage is a French wine Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC in the northern Rhône wine region of France. Hermitage is a French wine Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC in the northern Rhône wine region of France south of Saint-Joseph or St-Joseph is a French wine Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC in the northern Rhône wine region of France In the southern Rhône appellation of Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC it is one of six white grapes allowed, along with Grenache blanc, Piquepoul blanc, Clairette, Bourboulenc and Picardan. Châteauneuf-du-Pape is an AOC for Wine made near the village of Châteauneuf-du-Pape in the Rhône wine region in southeastern France Grenache blanc is a variety of white Wine Grape that is related to the red grape Grenache. Bourboulenc is a white Wine Grape variety primarily grown in southern France. Picardan or Picardan Blanc is a white Wine Grape which is one of 13 permitted blending grape within the Châteauneuf-du-Pape AOC in The Châteauneuf-du-Pape appellation also allows it to be blended into red wines. The grape is also planted in various wine-growing regions of the New World, such as California, Washington, and Australia as well as the European regions such as Tuscany and Spain. This list of wine-producing regions catalogues significant Growing regions where Vineyards are planted New World wines are those Wines produced outside the traditional wine-growing areas of Europe, in particular from Argentina, Australia, Canada California wine is Wine made in the US state of California. Nearly three-quarters the size of France, California accounts for nearly 90 Washington wine is Wine produced from Grapes grown in the US state of Washington. The Australian wine industry is the fourth-largest exporter in the world exporting over 400 million litres a year to a large international export market that includes "old world" Toscana wine is Italian wine from the Tuscany region Located in central Italy along the Tyrrhenian coast, Tuscany is home to some of the world's Spanish wines are wines produced in the southwestern European country of Spain. The berries are distinguished by their russet color when ripe — roux is French for the reddish brown color russet, and is probably the root for the variety's name. Russet is a brown color with a reddish tinge See also List of colors Russet potato French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The aroma of Roussanne is often reminiscent of a flowery herbal tea. An herbal tea, tisane, or ptisan is an Herbal Infusion made from anything other than the leaves of the Tea bush ( Camellia In warm climates, it produces wines of richness, with flavors of honey and pear, and full body. In cooler climates it is more floral and more delicate, with higher acidity. It is a difficult variety to grow, with vulnerability to mildew, poor resistance to drought and wind, late and/or uneven ripening, and irregular yields. Mildew refers to certain kinds of Mold or Fungus. In Old English, it meant honeydew (a substance secreted by Aphids on leaves formerly A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply Wind is the flow of Air or other Gases that compose an Atmosphere (including but not limited to the Earth's)

Wine regions

It is likely that Roussanne originated in the northern Rhône where it is today an important component in the wines of Crozes-Hermitage, Hermitage, Saint-Joseph and the Saint-Péray AOC where it is used for both still and sparkling wine production. Saint-Péray is a French wine Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC in the northern Rhône wine region of France. In recent years plantings of Roussanne have decline as Marsanne gains more of a foothold in the northern Rhône due to its high productivity and ease in cultivation. In the southern Rhône, Roussanne is a primary component in the white wines of Châteauneuf-du-Pape where it can compose as much as 80-100% of the wine. It can also be found in some white wines from the Côtes du Rhône AOC. Côtes du Rhône (Rhone Hills is a Wine -growing Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée (AOC for the Rhône wine region of France ^[1] Outside of the Rhône, the Roussanne is grown in Provence and the Languedoc-Roussillon région where it is sometimes blended with Chardonnay, Marsanne and Vermentino in some vin de pays. Provence (Provençal wine comes from the French wine -producing region of Provence in southeast France. Languedoc wine, including the Vin de pays labeled Vin de Pays d'Oc, is produced in southern France. Chardonnay is a green-skinned Grape variety used to make white Wine. Vermentino is a late-ripening white grape originating in Spain or Madeira, or perhaps Portugal, and now widely planted in Corsica, Sardinia Vin de pays is a French term meaning "country wine" Vins de pays are a step in the French wine classification which is above the table wine ( Vin de table In Savoie, the grape is known as Bergeron where it produces highly aromatic wines in Chignin. Savoy or in French Savoie is a Wine region situated in the Savoy region in eastern France, and is sometimes referred to as the country Chignin is a commune situated south-east of Chambéry in the department of Savoie in the Rhône-Alpes region of France ^[2]

Outside of France it is grown in the Italian wine regions of Liguria and Tuscany where it is a permitted grape in Montecarlo bianco. Italian wine is Wine produced in Italy, a Country which is home to some of the oldest wine-producing regions in the world Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 Montecarlo is a wine region (DOC in Italy. The vineyards surround the small town of Montecarlo which is located in Tuscany, close to Lucca and Pisa In Australia, it was believed to have been brought to the continent to be blended with Shiraz. The Australian wine industry is the fourth-largest exporter in the world exporting over 400 million litres a year to a large international export market that includes "old world" Syrah is a dark-skinned variety of Grape used in Wine. Syrah is grown in many countries and is primarily used to produce powerful Red wines which enjoy Documents dating as far back as 1882 have noted the presence of Roussanne plantings in Victoria. ^[1] Today it is used both as a blending grape and as a varietal wine. Varietal describes Wines made primarily from a single named Grape variety. In California, it is widely planted in the Central Coast AVA and the northern region of Yuba County. California wine is Wine made in the US state of California. Nearly three-quarters the size of France, California accounts for nearly 90 The Central Coast AVA is a large American Viticultural Area that spans from Santa Barbara County in the south to the San Francisco Bay Area in the Yuba County is located in the US state of California 's Central Valley, north of Sacramento, along the Feather River. ^[2] In Washington State, the first experimental plantings of Roussanne was planted by White Heron Cellars in 1990. Washington wine is Wine produced from Grapes grown in the US state of Washington. In recent years, plantings have increased as more Washington winemakers experiment with Rhone varietals with grapes from Ciel du Cheval, Alder Ridge and Destiny Ridge. Washington Roussanne is often blended with Viognier and is characterized by its its fruit salad profile of notes that range from apple, lime peaches and citrus to cream and honey. Fruit salad (also called Macedonia) is a dish consisting of various kinds of Fruit, served either in their own juices or a Syrup. The apple is the pomaceous Fruit of the apple tree Species Malus domestica in the Rose family Rosaceae. The peach ( Prunus persica) is a species of Prunus native to China that bears an edible juicy fruit also called a peach Citrus is a common term and Genus of Flowering plants in the family Rutaceae, originating in tropical and subtropical southeast regions of For the 1993 hip-hop single by the Wu-Tang Clan see CREAM CREAM is an acronym for Cognitive Reliability Error Analysis Method a Honey is a sweet and Viscous fluid produced by Honey bees (and some other species and derived from the nectar of Flowers According to the ^[3]

California Roussanne/Viognier controversy

In 1980s, California winemaker Randall Grahm of Bonny Doon Vineyard smuggled cuttings of Roussanne that he reportedly got from a vineyard in Châteauneuf-du-Pape. Winemaking, or vinification, is the production of Wine, starting with selection of the Grapes and ending with bottling the finished wine Bonny Doon Vineyard is a winery based in the Santa Cruz mountains of California Smuggling, also known as trafficking, is the clandestine transportation of goods or persons past a point where prohibited such as out of a building into a Prison Plant cutting, also known as striking/cloning is a technique for vegetatively (asexually propagating plants in whicha piece of the source plant containing at least one Under California regulations, vines from outside the state are quarantined for a lengthy period which includes inspection for grape diseases and ampelographical identification at University of California, Davis. For other uses see Quarantine (disambiguation Quarantine is voluntary or compulsory isolation typically to contain the spread of something This article is a list of diseases of Grapes ( Vitis spp Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Melanconium fuligineum Ampelography ( Αμπελος, "vine" + γραφος 'writing' is the field of Botany concerned with the identification and classification of grapevines The University of California Davis, commonly known as UC Davis, or just UCD, is a public coeducational university located in the city of Davis, Grahm imported his cuttings in his suitcase and planted them at his vineyard in the Santa Cruz Mountains where he begun making a Rhone style blend with Marsanne. The Santa Cruz Mountains AVA is an American Viticultural Area centered around the Santa Cruz Mountains and three counties in California: Santa Marsanne is a white Wine Grape, most commonly found in the northern Rhône, where it is often blended with Roussanne. In 1994, Grahm sold some of his Roussanne cuttings to Sonoma Grapevine, one of the largest nurseries in the state, who began to propagate the vines and sell them to wineries and other nurseries which spread these Roussanne vines across the state. One of the wineries that bought these cuttings was the California cult winery, Caymus Vineyards, who planted them in their Monterey vineyards. Cult wines are those for which dedicated groups of committed enthusiasts will pay large sums of money The Monterey AVA is an American Viticultural Area located in eastern Monterey County, California. In 1998, John Alban of Alban Vineyards was visiting Caymus and noted that the Roussanne plantings looked more like Viognier than Roussanne. Alban Vineyards is a California wine estate producing various Rhône style blends and Varietal wine. ^[4] Samples were sent for DNA analysis and the result proved that the plantings were indeed Viognier as were all the vines that came from Grahm's original "Roussanne" vineyard. ^[5]

Viticulture and winemaking

The Roussanne vine ripens late and is characterized by its irregular yields that can be decreased further due to poor wind resistance. In Agriculture, crop yield (also known as "agricultural output" is not only a measure of the Yield of cereal per unit area of land under cultivation Wind is the flow of Air or other Gases that compose an Atmosphere (including but not limited to the Earth's) The vine is also susceptible to powdery mildew and rot which makes it a difficult vine to cultivate. Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that affects a wide range of plants In recent years, the development of better clones have alleviate some of these difficulties. Cloning in Biology is the process of producing populations of genetically-identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as Bacteria, Insects ^[2] The grape prefers a long growing season but should be harvested before the potential alcohol reaches 14% which would result in the finished wine being out of balance. The Harvesting of Wine Grapes is one of the most crucial steps in the process of Winemaking. In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon The use of Wine tasting descriptors allow the taster an opportunity to put into words the Aromas and Flavors that they experience and can be used in assessing If picked too soon, the grape can suffer from high acidity. ^[6] During winemaking, Roussanne is prone to oxidation without care taken by the winemaker. Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state The wine can benefit from a controlled use of oak. The use of Oak in Wine plays a significant role in Winemaking and can have a profound effect on the resulting wine impacting the color flavor In blends, Roussanne adds aromatics, elegance and acidity with the potential to age and further develop in the bottle. ^[2]

Wines

Wines made from Roussanne are characterized by their intense aromatics which can include notes of herbal tea. An herbal tea, tisane, or ptisan is an Herbal Infusion made from anything other than the leaves of the Tea bush ( Camellia ^[2] In its youth it shows more floral, herbal and fruit notes, such as pears that become more nutty as the wine ages. A pear is a pomaceous Fruit produced by a tree of Genus Pyrus. Roussanne from the Savoy region is marked by their pepper and herbal notes. Wine expert Oz Clarke notes that Roussanne wine and Roussanne dominate blends can drink very well in first 3 to 4 years of their youth before entering a "dumb phase" where the wine is closed aromatically until the wine reaches 7 or 8 years when the wine develops more complexity and depth. Oz Clarke (1949 -) is a British Wine writer and broadcaster Biography Oz Clarke was educated at a famous independent school The King's School Canterbury The use of Wine tasting descriptors allow the taster an opportunity to put into words the Aromas and Flavors that they experience and can be used in assessing ^[6]

Synonyms and other grapes

Synonyms include Barbin, Bergeron (in particular in the Savoy region), Courtoisie, Fromental, Fromental Jaune, Fromenteal, Fromenteau, Greffon, Greffou, Martin Cot, Petite Rousette, Picotin Blanc, Plant de Seyssel, Rabellot, Rabelot, Ramoulette, Rebellot, Rebolot, Remoulette, Roussane, Roussane Blanc, Roussanne Blanc, Roussette, Rusan Belyi, Rusan Blan. ^[1][7]

There are similarly named grapes that are unrelated to Roussanne - most notably the pink-skinned Roussanne du Var grown in Provence and the Rousette found in Savoy, which is also known as Altesse. Provence ( Provençal Occitan: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm is a region of southeastern France Altesse or Roussette is a variety of white Grape found primarily in the Savoy wine region of France. Altesse or Roussette is a variety of white Grape found primarily in the Savoy wine region of France. ^[2]

External links

• (English) History, viticulture, winemaking and flavors of Roussanne from the Tablas Creek Vineyard website

References