A roundel in heraldry is any circular shape; in military use it is an emblem of nationality employed on military aircraft and air force flags, generally round and consisting of concentric rings of different colors. The Royal Air Force has employed several versions of the Roundel during its existence Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. An emblem is a pictorial Image, abstract or representational that epitomizes a Concept — e
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Heraldry
In heraldry, a roundel is a circular charge. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. In Heraldry and Vexillology, a charge is an image occupying the field on an escutcheon (or shield Roundels are among the oldest charges used in coats of arms, dating from at least the twelfth century. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people Roundels in British heraldry have different names depending on their tincture. In Heraldry, tinctures are the colours used to Emblazon a Coat of arms. [1] Thus, while a roundel may be blazoned by its tincture, e. In Heraldry and heraldic Vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of most often a Coat of arms or Flag, which enables a person to g. , a roundel vert (literally "a roundel green"), it is more often described by a single word, in this case pomme (literally "apple", from the French).
| metals | colours | neutral | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bezant coin |
plate silver |
hurt berry |
torteau cake |
pellet gunshot |
pomme apple |
golpe wound |
fountain fountain |
In French blazon, a roundel of either metal (or or argent) is a besant, and a roundel of any colour (dark tincture) is a torteau, with the tincture specified. Bezant is a Medieval name for a Gold coin. Gold coins were not minted in early medieval Western Europe, Silver and Bronze being the
One special example of a named roundel is the fountain. This is depicted as a roundel barry wavy argent and azure. That is, it is not filled in a single tincture, but with alternating horizontal wavy bands of blue and silver (or white). Because the fountain consists equally of parts in a light and a dark tincture, its use is not limited by the rule of tincture as are the other roundels. The first rule of heraldry is the rule of tincture: metal should not be put on metal nor colour on colour (Humphrey Llwyd 1568)
In their earliest uses, roundels were often strewn (semy) upon the field of a coat of arms, a design with as many names as there are tinctures. For example, a field semy of roundels argent could be called platy; a field semy of roundels sable could be called pellety. The precise number and placement of the roundels in such cases were usually left to the discretion of the artist.
Because of their long use and simple outline, roundels are accorded status as a subordinary charge by most heraldic writers. In Heraldry, an ordinary is a simple geometrical figure on the arms bounded by straight lines and running from edge to edge or top to bottom of the shield
The term roundel also describes a circular shield used for heraldic display (as opposed to other forms such as the more common escutcheon or lozenge). The lozenge in Heraldry is a diamond-shaped charge (an object that can be placed on the field of the shield usually somewhat narrower than it is tall An example of arms borne on a roundel is the Coat of Arms of Nunavut. The Coat of Arms of the Territory of Nunavut (formally known as The Arms of Her Majesty in Right of Nunavut) was granted by a warrant by Roméo LeBlanc
Use on military aircraft
The first use of a roundel on military aircraft was during the First World War by the French Air Service. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The chosen design was the French national cockade, which consisted of a blue-white-red emblem mirroring the colours of the Flag of France. A cockade is a knot of ribbons or other circular- or oval-shaped symbol of distinctive colors which is usually worn on a Hat. The National flag of France (known in French as drapeau tricolore, drapeau français,and in military parlance les couleurs Similar national cockades were designed and adopted for use as aircraft roundels by their allies. The British Royal Flying Corps (RFC) abandoned their original painted Union Flags because they looked too much like the German cross and the British soldiers in the trenches had shot at them mistaking them for German aircraft. The Royal Flying Corps (RFC was the over-land air arm of the British military during most of the First World War. The Union Flag, also known as the Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. For other meanings please see Iron Cross (disambiguation The Iron Cross ( was a Military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia Instead, British aircraft roundels were eventually designed to use the French colours in reverse, red-white-blue from center to rim, after a short period of using a red-rimmed white circle that closely resembled the roundel, used to this day, by Denmark. The Royal Danish Air Force ( Danish: Flyvevåbnet) is the Air force of Denmark, it is an expeditionary Air Force with capability organised This red-white-blue from center to rim roundel design was subsequently adopted by British Imperial air forces with a maple leaf (RCAF), kangaroo (RAAF), and kiwi (RNZAF). The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. The Royal New Zealand Air Force ( RNZAF) is the air arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. During WWI, roundels based on national cockade colours were subsequently adopted by the air forces of other countries, including the U.S. Army Air Service. The United States Army Air Service was a forerunner of the United States Air Force.
The military aviation insignia of both the United States and Russia have had interesting "crossovers" early in the 20th century. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The initial US Army Air Service insignia, used during the Pancho Villa punitive expedition just before World War I, used on the vertical tail and wings (as seen on early Curtiss biplane two-seat observation aircraft), was essentially the red star of the slightly later Soviet Union, without a red or white outline border. The Imperial Russian tricolor roundel was also adopted by the US Army Air Service, in more evenly spaced proportions than the Tsarist marking, in World War I air combat in Europe, because the then-recently adopted "star-in-circle" insignia could possibly be mistaken for a German or Austro-Hungarian "Eisernes Kreuz" (iron cross) insignia at some distance. The US roundel added a pair of white bars during World War II, becoming the famous "Stars and Bars" insignia, a red bar bisecting the white was added in 1947 when the United States Air Force became a separate service.
During the Second World War, the red inner circle of RAF-based roundels on planes based in the Asia-Pacific was painted white or light blue, so they would not be confused for the Hinomaru red circle on Japanese planes, still used by the self-defense forces of Japan to this day. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The national flag of Japan is a white Flag with a large red circle (representing the rising sun) in the center
In recent decades, "low-visibility" roundels have been used, especially on active combat types. Low-visibility roundels usually have subdued, low-contrast colors or stenciled outlines.
In pop culture
- The roundel, especially the RAF's, has been associated with British pop art of the 1960s, appearing in paintings by Jasper Johns. Pop Art is a visual Art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in parallel in the late 1950s in the United States. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Jasper Johns Jr (born May 15, 1930 in Augusta Georgia) is a contemporary American artist who primarily works in painting and Printmaking It became part of the pop consciousness after British rock group The Who started to wear RAF roundels (and Union Flags) as part of their stage apparel at the start of their career. The Who are an English rock band formed in 1964. The primary lineup consisted of guitarist Pete Townshend The Union Flag, also known as the Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Subsequently it came to symbolise Mods and the Mod Revival. Mod (originally modernist, sometimes capitalised is a Subculture that originated in London in the late 1950s and peaked in the early to mid 1960s The mod revival was a Music genre and Subculture that started in the United Kingdom in 1978 and later spread to other countries (to a lesser degree
- Some of Paul Weller's material involves the use of a roundel in psychedelic colours. Paul Weller (born John William Weller 25 May 1958 in Sheerwater near Woking, Surrey) is an English Singer-songwriter.
- Ben Harper's album Fight For Your Mind uses roundels from several nation's air forces as graphics in the liner notes. Benjamin Chase "Ben" Harper (born October 28, 1969) is an American Musician. Fight for Your Mind is a 1995 (see 1995 in music) album by Ben Harper.
- In the British television series Doctor Who, roundels litter the walls of the Doctor's TARDIS. The Doctor is the central character in the long-running BBC television science-fiction series Doctor Who, and also features in The TARDIS ( T ime A nd R elative D imension(s I n S pace is a time machine and Spacecraft in the
Roundels of national air forces
For roundels of other air forces go to List of air forces. This alphabetically arranged list of Air forces identifies the current and historical names and Roundels for the military aviation arms of countries fielding an air
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Roundels of former national air forces
For roundels of other former air forces go to List of air forces. This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. 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It borders Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast to the west Burkina Faso to the north Togo to the Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest Guinea, officially Republic of Guinea (pronounced /ˈgɪni/ République de Guinée is a country in West Africa, formerly known as French Guinea The Republic of Guinea-Bissau (ˈgɪni bɨˈsaʊ República da Guiné-Bissau ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɐ giˈnɛ biˈsau is a country in Western Africa, and one of the smallest Guyana (ɡaɪˈænə or /ɡiːˈɑːnə/ officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is the only Nation state Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. 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It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed Kyrgyzstan (ˈkɻ̩gɪztɑn (AmE or /'kɝgəztan/ (BrE Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан; Russian: Киргизия or Киргизстан or Кыргызстан Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by The Republic of Macedonia (Република Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands Mauritania (موريتانيا Mūrītāniyā officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Niger ( or /ˈnaɪdʒɚ/) officially the Republic of Niger, is a Landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Air Force Checkerboard (szachownica lotnicza is a national marking for the aircraft of the Polish Air Force, equivalent to Roundels used in other nations' Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Qatar ( قطر; ˈqɑtˁɑr local pronunciation giṭar officially the State of Qatar (Arabic دولة قطر transliterated Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Republic of Rwanda (ruːˈændə or /rəˈwɑːndə/ in English ɾwanda or in Kinyarwanda is a small Landlocked country in the The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi Senegal (le Sénégal officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country south of the Sénégal River in western Africa. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. Singapore Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. Suriname ( Dutch: Suriname; Sranan Tongo: Sranan) officially the Republic of Suriname (traditionally spelled Surinam by "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj TOGO was a Japanese roller coaster design company famous for inventing the Stand-up roller coaster. Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Royal Air Force has employed several versions of the Roundel during its existence The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya The Republic of Zambia (ˈzæmbɪə is a Landlocked country in Southern Africa. See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election This alphabetically arranged list of Air forces identifies the current and historical names and Roundels for the military aviation arms of countries fielding an air
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Corporate Usage
Some corporations and other organizations also make use of roundels in their branding, employing them as a trademark, or logo, for example the famous roundel of the London Underground (later appropriated by Transport for London):
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, more commonly known as BMW, uses a roundel for its logo. The Republic of Biafra was a Secessionist state in south-eastern Nigeria. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The German Democratic Republic ( GDR; Deutsche Demokratische Republik DDR; commonly known in English as East Germany) was a Socialist state The Kingdom of Italy ( Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The Yemen Arab Republic (YAR (in Arabic: الجمهوريّة العربية اليمنية al-`Arabīyah al-Yamanīyah'') also known as North Yemen The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The State Union of Serbia and Montenegro (Државна заједница Србија и Црна Гора / Državna zajednica Srbija i Crna Gora, abbreviated The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Савезна Република Југославија / Savezna Republika Jugoslavija) or FRY was a federal state The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen, Democratic Yemen, South Yemen or Yemen (Aden was a Socialist republic in present-day southern and The United Arab Republic ( الجمهورية العربية المتحدة al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah / al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: The Republic of Zaire (pronunciation; République du Zaïre was the name of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo between October 27, 1971 A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual A logo ( Greek el λογότυπος = el-Latn logotypos is a graphical element ( Ideogram, Symbol, Emblem, Icon, Sign) The London Underground is a Metro system serving a large part of Greater London and neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire Transport for London ( TfL) is the local government body responsible for most aspects of the Transport system in Greater London in England. ( BMW) (Bavarian Motor Works is an independent German automobile manufacturer founded in 1916
Target Corporation uses a roundel similar to Peru as their corporate logo. Target Corporation ( is an American Retailing company that was founded in Minneapolis Minnesota in 1902
See also
- List of air forces (contains more examples)
- Cockade
- Tincture (heraldry)
- Bezant
- Goutte
- Aircraft recognition
References
- ^ Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles (1909). This alphabetically arranged list of Air forces identifies the current and historical names and Roundels for the military aviation arms of countries fielding an air A cockade is a knot of ribbons or other circular- or oval-shaped symbol of distinctive colors which is usually worn on a Hat. In Heraldry, tinctures are the colours used to Emblazon a Coat of arms. Bezant is a Medieval name for a Gold coin. Gold coins were not minted in early medieval Western Europe, Silver and Bronze being the A goutte is a droplet-shaped charge used in Heraldry. Its name derives from the Old French for "droplet" Aircraft recognition is a visual skill taught to military personal and civilian auxiliaries since the introduction of Military aircraft in World War I. A Complete Guide to Heraldry, 151.
Smith, Whitney (1975). Whitney Smith is a professional Vexillologist, ie scholar of flags Flags:Through The Ages And Around The World. McGraw Hill, 24, 342. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc, ( is a Publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. DOI:JC345.S57. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. ISBN 0070590931.
External links
- Roundels of the World for a more complete gallery.
- Canadian Military Aircraft Roundels has a section on the history of roundels.
- History of the RAF roundel
Dictionary
roundel
-noun
- Anything having a round form; a round figure; a circle.
- (music) A roundelay or rondelay.
- (armor) A small circular shield, sometimes not more than a foot in diameter, used by soldiers in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.
- (heraldry): A circular spot; a charge in the form of a small coloured circle.
- (Fortification) A bastion of a circular form.
- (aircraft) a circular insignia painted on an aircraft to identify its nationality or service.
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