This article is part of the series on: Military of ancient Rome (portal) 800 BC – AD 476

Structural history

Roman army (unit types and ranks, legions, auxiliaries, generals)

Roman navy (fleets, admirals)

Campaign history

Lists of wars and battles

Decorations and punishments

Technological history

Military engineering (castra, siege engines, arches, roads)

Personal equipment

Political history

Strategy and tactics

Infantry tactics

Frontiers and fortifications (limes, Hadrian's Wall)

A section of the Antonine Wall just to the west of the fort. Commonwealth English! -->The military of ancient Rome relates to the combined military forces of Ancient Rome from the founding of the city The structural history of the Roman military describes the major chronological transformations in the organization and constitution of Ancient Rome 's armed forces, The Roman army was a set of military forces employed by the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and later Roman Empire as part of the Roman military This is a list of both unit types and ranks of the Roman army from the Roman Republic to the fall of This is a list of Roman legions, including key facts about each legion primarily focusing on Principate (early Empire 30BC - 284AD legions for which there exists Auxiliaries (from Latin: auxilia = "supports" formed the standing non-citizen corps of the Roman army of the Principate (30 BC&ndash284 AD A Manius Acilius Glabrio -- Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 191 BC -- Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 91 -- Titus The Roman Navy ( Latin: Classis, lit "fleet" comprised the naval forces of the Roman state The Roman Navy ( Latin: Classis, lit "fleet" comprised the naval forces of the Roman state From its origin as a city-state in Italy in 9th century BC the rise as an empire covering much of Eurasia and North The following is a List of Roman wars fought by the ancient Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire, organized by date The following is a list of Roman Battles fought by the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, the Roman Empire, and sometimes the Byzantine Empire As with most other military forces the Roman military adopted a "carrot and stick" approach to military with an extensive list of decorations for military gallantry The technology history of the Roman military covers the development of and application of technologies for use in the armies and navies of Rome from the Roman Republic to the fall The military engineering of Ancient Rome 's armed forces was of a scale and frequency far beyond that of any of its contemporaries The Latin word castra, with its singular castrum, was used by the ancient Romans to mean buildings or plots of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military Roman Siege engines were for the most part adapted from Hellenistic Siege Technology. List of ancient Roman Triumphal arches (By modern country France Carpentras Triumphal Arch The Roman Roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news Roman military personal equipment was produced in large numbers to established patterns and used in an established way Rome's military was always tightly keyed to its political system The strategy of the Roman Military encompasses its Grand strategy (the arrangements made by the state to implement its political goals through a selection of military goals Roman infantry tactics refers to the theoretical and historical deployment formation and maneuvers of the Roman infantry from the start of the Roman Republic to the fall Roman military borders and fortifications were part of a Grand strategy of territorial defense in the Roman Empire. A limes (or the Limes Romanus) was a Border defense or delimiting system of Ancient Rome. Hadrian's Wall ( Latin: perhaps Vallum Aelium, "the Aelian wall" is a stone and turf Fortification built by the Roman The Antonine Wall is a stone and turf Fortification, built by the Romans across what is now the Central belt of Scotland

The "lilias" north west of the fort.

Rough Castle Fort is a Roman fort on the Antonine Wall roughly 2 kilometres south east of Bonnybridge in the Falkirk council area, Scotland. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for The Antonine Wall is a stone and turf Fortification, built by the Romans across what is now the Central belt of Scotland Bonnybridge ( Lowland Scots Bonniebrig) is a small town in the Falkirk council area, four miles west of Falkirk, Scotland. Falkirk ( an Eaglais Bhreac in Gaelic) is one of the 32 Unitary authority Council areas in Scotland. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

The Antonine Wall was built around 143 CE and stretched from Bo'ness on the River Forth to Old Kilpatrick on the River Clyde. Bo'ness, properly Borrowstounness, is a town in the Falkirk Council area of Scotland, lying on a hillside on the south bank of the Old Kilpatrick is a village in West Dunbartonshire in Scotland at. The River Clyde ( Gaelic: Abhainn Chluaidh, avɪɲˈxɫ̪uəj is a major River in Scotland. The fort is the best preserved of the 19 forts constructed along the length of the Wall. Built against the southern rear face of the Wall, the fort was defended by 6 metre thick turf ramparts and surrounded by defensive ditches. Sod or turf is grass and the part of the Soil beneath it held together by the Roots or a piece of this material See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors A ditch is usually defined as a small to moderate depression created to channel Water. Gateways were provided through the main Wall to the north, and also through the walls on the other three sides of the fort. A gate is a point of entry to a space enclosed by Walls or an opening in a Fence. Causeways were then constructed across the main Antonine and secondary defensive ditches, affording easy access to and from the fort. In modern usage a causeway is a road or railway elevated by a bank usually across a broad Body of water or Wetland.

The fort was the second smallest on the Wall and had an area of about 4,000 square metres. The fort contained several substantial stone buildings, including a headquarters, the commander's house, barracks, a bath house and a granary. Headquarters (HQ denotes the location where most if not all of the important functions of an organization are concentrated Commander is a Military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service Barracks are living quarters for personnel on a Military post Public baths originated from a communal need for cleanliness Often the term public is misleading to some people as they will have restrictions based upon who can use the facility A granary is a storehouse for threshed grain or Animal feed. In ancient or primitive granaries Pottery is the most Although the original buildings have not survived, the foundations of these buildings were discovered during excavations in 1902 - 1903, 1932 and 1957 - 1961.

Inscriptions found on recovered artifacts indicate that the fort was the base for 500 men of the Sixth Cohort of Nervii, an infantry unit recruited from a north eastern Gallic tribe. In Archaeology, an artifact or artefact is any object made or modified by a human culture, and often one later recovered by some archaeological A cohort (from the Latin cohors, plural cohortes) is a fairly large military unit generally consisting of one type of soldier The Nervii were one of the most powerful Belgic tribes living east of the Scheldt in northern The Infantry is the oldest and most numerous of the Combat Arms in the Armed forces, and consists Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western The military way on the south side of the Wall, which enabled transport between all forts, is still well defined, and there is also a fine length of rampart and ditch still intact to the west. The Roman Roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news

A feature of the defences at the fort, discovered during the excavations, is a series of pits lying to the north west of the causeway across the Antonine ditch. These pits, known as "lilias", would originally have contained sharpened stakes at the bottom. The lilias were positioned to help defend the vulnerable northern gateway through the Wall.

See also

• The new Rough Castle Tunnel

External links

• Rough Castle Fort on the Gazeteer for Scotland
• Falkirk Local History Society