| Borough of Rossendale | |
 Shown within non-metropolitan Lancashire |
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| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Status: | Borough |
| Region: | North West England |
| Admin. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. County: | Lancashire |
| Area: Total: |
Ranked 218th 138.05 km² |
| Admin. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. This is a list of Districts of England ordered by area. The areas given are calculated from the Output Areas created for Census 2001 and made available To help compare different Orders of magnitude and geographical regions we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km² Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of HQ: | Rawtenstall |
| ONS code: | 30UM |
| Demographics | |
| Population: Total (2006 est. Rawtenstall (pronounced "Rottenstall" ˈrɒtənˌstɔːl or ˈrɒʔnˌstɔːl is a town at the centre of the Rossendale Valley, in Lancashire, The Office for National Statistics coding system is a hierarchical code used in the United Kingdom for tabulating Census and other statistical data In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology ): Density: |
Ranked 318th 66,700 483 / km² |
| Ethnicity: | 94. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different The figures are mid-year estimates for 2007 from the Office for National Statistics. 9% White 3. 8% S. Asian[1] |
| Politics | |
Rossendale Borough Council http://www.rossendale.gov.uk/ |
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| Leadership: | Alternative - Sec. The pattern of local government in England is complex with the distribution of functions varying according to the local arrangements 31 |
| Executive: | Conservative |
| MPs: | Janet Anderson, Greg Pope |
Rossendale is a local government district with borough status. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Composition Graphical representation of the House of Commons This is a comparison of the party strengths in the British House of Commons Janet Anderson (born 6 December, 1949) is a British Labour Party politician Gregory James Pope (born 29 August 1960, Blackburn) is a politician in the United Kingdom. Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially ' shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. A borough is an Administrative division of various countries In principle the term borough designates a self-governing Township although in practice It is made up of a number of small former mill towns in Lancashire, England centred around the valley of the River Irwell in the industrial North West. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The River Irwell is a River flowing through the Irwell Valley in the counties of Lancashire and Greater Manchester North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. The district combines urban with rural aspects, and is close to the more populated areas of Bury, Bolton, Burnley and Manchester. Bury is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Irwell, north-northwest of the city of Manchester, west-southwest of Bolton ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, in the North West region of England. Burnley is a large Market town in the borough of Burnley in Lancashire, England, with a population of around 73500
In 2001 the population of Rossendale was 65,652 (Government census records), spread between the larger towns of Bacup, Rawtenstall and Haslingden; the villages of Whitworth, Waterfoot, Helmshore, Crawshawbooth and Edenfield, as well as Cloughfold, Greave, Laund, Loveclough, Lumb, Newchurch, Rockcliffe, Shawforth, Stacksteads, Stubbins, and Weir. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Bacup is a town within the Rossendale borough of Lancashire, England. Rawtenstall (pronounced "Rottenstall" ˈrɒtənˌstɔːl or ˈrɒʔnˌstɔːl is a town at the centre of the Rossendale Valley, in Lancashire, Haslingden is a small town in the Rossendale Valley in Lancashire, lying 19 miles (30 km north of Manchester. Whitworth is a village and Civil parish within the Rossendale borough of Lancashire, England. Waterfoot, Rossendale, is a village between Rawtenstall and Bacup where the B6238 from Burnley meets the A681 Helmshore is a village in the Rossendale Valley, Lancashire, England. Crawshawbooth is a small village in England just north of the market town of Rawtenstall, Lancashire, and a part of the valley of Rossendale. Edenfield is a village within the Rossendale borough of Lancashire, England. Newchurch is a village in the Borough of Rossendale, Lancashire. Shawforth is a village near Bacup, Whitworth and Rochdale in Lancashire. Stubbins is an industrial village in the southern part of the Rossendale Valley, Lancashire. Weir is a small village situated in Rossendale, about a mile (2 km north of Bacup.
The district was formed on April 1, 1974 under the Local Government Act 1972, from the municipal boroughs of Bacup, Haslingden, Rawtenstall, part of Ramsbottom urban district and Whitworth urban district. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The Local Government Act 1972 (1972 c 70 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom, that reformed local government in England and Wales Municipal boroughs were a type of Local government which existed in England and Wales between 1835 and 1974 in Northern Ireland from 1840 to Ramsbottom is a small town on the border of Lancashire and Greater Manchester, England. In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, an urban district was a type of Local government district that covered an Urbanised area
Rossendale is twinned with the German town of Bocholt, located close to the Netherlands border. Bocholt is a municipality in the north-west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, part of the district Borken.
Contents |
Transport
The borough is linked by the motorway network to Manchester, Burnley and Blackburn via the A56/M65 and M66 motorways. Blackburn ( is a large town in Lancashire, England. It lies to the north of the West Pennine Moors on the southern edge of the Ribble Valley The A56 is a road in England which extends between the city of Chester in Cheshire and the village of Broughton in North Yorkshire The M65 is a Motorway in Lancashire, England. It runs from just south of Preston through the major junction of the M6 and The M66 is a Motorway in Lancashire and Greater Manchester, England. Bordering Greater Manchester southwards, it is 17. Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 4 miles to Deansgate (City Centre) via the Edenfield by-pass and M66, about 30 minutes in a car. Deansgate is a main road (the A56) through the city centre of Manchester, England. However it can take up to an hour in busy periods. Alternatively 'B' roads can be taken via Edenfield, Walmersley, Whitefield, and Broughton.
There was once a rail link south to Manchester via Bury, but this was closed in the 1960s as part of cuts following the Beeching Report. The Beeching Axe is an informal name for the British Government 's attempt in the 1960s to reduce the cost of running British Railways, the nationalised railway system Part of the old railway reopened in 1991 as the East Lancashire Railway operating a service to Bury via Ramsbottom and Summerseat, and manned by volunteers. This article is about the present East Lancashire Railway for the previous incarnation see East Lancashire Railway 1844-1859 Overview Summerseat is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Bury, in Greater Manchester, England. In September 2003 an eastbound extension from Bury to Heywood was opened. Heywood is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale, in Greater Manchester, England The line is now just over 12 miles long and is open every weekend of the year. There are aspirations to redevelop this line as a link to Manchester providing a commuter service.
The area is well served by public transport, with bus services provided mainly by Rossendale Transport and Burnley & Pendle as well as Northern Blue. Rossendale Transport (RT is a Bus operator running within the Borough of Rossendale (including the towns of Rawtenstall, Bacup and Transdev Burnley & Pendle is a Bus operator running within the boroughs of Burnley and Pendle, and into the surrounding areas including Accrington Transdev Northern Blue is a Bus operator running from a depot in Plumbe Street Burnley in East Lancashire it is now a subsidiary of Transdev. Transport timetables can be found on the Lancashire County Council website.
History and industry
Rossendale is part of the Forest of Rossendale, which consists of the steep-sided valleys of the River Irwell and its tributaries, which flow from the Pennines southwards to Manchester and cut through the moorland which is characteristic of the area. The Rossendale Valley is part of the Forest of Rossendale, an upland area of North West England, principally in Lancashire. The Pennines are a low-rising Mountain range in Northern England and southern Scotland. It was given the designation of "forest" in medieval times denoting a hunting reserve.
The larger settlements grew into market towns, typically through the late Middle Ages. Farming and a cottage woollen industry developed during the reign of Henry VIII, but Rossendale's population only really expanded during the period of the Industrial Revolution. The putting-out system was a means of subcontracting work It was also known as the workshop system. Woollen ( American English: woolen) is the name of a Yarn and Cloth usually made from Wool. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The population was 16,033 in 1801; in 1901 it had grown to 89,540 (relevant censuses). Its wet and damp climate are ideally suited to the development of watermills, and later to the mechanisation of the wool and cotton spinning and weaving industries in the 18th and 19th centuries. This article describes textile weaving For other senses of this word see Weaving (disambiguation. In the middle of the 19th Century a felt industry developed, and from this the manufacturing of slippers so that footwear also became a major employer in the area. Felt is a non-woven cloth that is produced by matting condensing and pressing fibers [2]
The area became one of the cradles of the Industrial Revolution, and was known as 'The Golden Valley'. There was great hardship among working people during this time, but many fortunes were made among the mill-owning classes. [3] There was large-scale immigration from Ireland to find work building the railways and in the mills, which led to several instances of serious civil disturbances between the two communities. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Michael Davitt, the Irish republican leader was among these immigrants, settling in Haslingden, where he received his education after losing an arm at the age of 11 in a mill accident. Michael Davitt ( Irish name: Mícheál Mac Dáibhéid) ( March 25, 1846 &ndash May 30, 1906) was an Irish Irish republicanism (Poblachtánachas is an ideology based on the Irish nationalist belief that all of Ireland should be a single independent Republic
The area is also notable for its quarrying, and Rossendale Flagstone was used widely throughout the country in the 19th century. The flagstones in Trafalgar Square in London were quarried in Rossendale. Trafalgar Square is a square in central London, England. With its position in the heart of London it is a tourist attraction its trademark is Nelson's London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. [4] Upland farming is still carried out, largely of sheep but also of cattle. The history of Rossendale is well documented, largely through the efforts of the historian Chris Aspin, a specialist on the textile industry, and Derek Pilkington, whose efforts led to the preservation of Higher Mill in Helmshore, now Helmshore Mills Textile Museum. Helmshore is a village in the Rossendale Valley, Lancashire, England.
The Whitworth Doctors were local surgeons and bone setters whose reputation spread far and wide, so that they treated patients from throughout the country, including Princess Elisabeth and the Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1819 William Hewitt described them as "the most remarkable men of their class that ever appeared in England".
With the steady decline of the cotton industry Rossendale suffered from serious economic decline which has only recently halted, and the area still has pockets of poverty. However, the opening of fast road connections with Manchester, allied to the attractiveness of the local countryside has meant that Rossendale has developed a sizeable commuter population. In its wake this is bringing some signs of economic revival, and Rawtenstall in particular now houses a number of shops that sell niche fashion and luxury consumer goods alongside Asda and Tesco superstores. Asda is a United Kingdom Supermarket chain which retails food clothing and general merchandise Tesco plc is a British -based international grocery and general merchandising retail chain This, coupled with redevelopment plans to regenerate the Valley Precinct and bus depot (both in Rawtenstall), are intended to attract more businesses and visitors into Rossendale.
R. S. Ireland (The Real Lancashire Black Pudding Co. ) is based near Waterfoot; a family run business of specialist Black Pudding Makers, using only traditional methods and with a recipe dating back to 1879. Black pudding or (less often blood pudding is a British English term for Sausage made by cooking blood with a filler until it is thick enough to congeal Rawtenstall has Fitzpatricks Herbal Health, this is the last remaining functioning temperance bar in England, that makes and sells its own non-alcoholic drinks, such as sarsaparilla, black beers, and blood tonic. A temperance bar is one of a number of bars, primarily in Lancashire, England during the 19th century that did not serve Alcoholic beverages For the drink see Root beer. Sarsaparilla (IPA /ˌsæspəˈɹɪlə/ ( Smilax regelii and other closely related species of
Talks of turning the current railway into a commercial commuter line would be an obvious advantage to the area, and the idea of applying for the Metrolink system to be extended to Rossendale are probably a long way off. Existing plans to extend to Rochdale, Oldham, Tameside and Manchester Airport have been put on hold, estimated to cost around £900 million. Documented by the BBC here.
Etymology
The name Rossendale first appeared in 1292. A record of the name as Rocendal (1242) suggests Celtic ros "moor, heath", with Old English dæl "dale, valley", hence moor valley i. The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic" a branch of the greater Indo-European Language family. In Geology, a valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is e. the valley of the River Irwell. The River Irwell is a River flowing through the Irwell Valley in the counties of Lancashire and Greater Manchester [5]
The Arts in Rossendale
Rossendale is the home to a large community of artists with several painters' studios, many of which are centred on the area around Waterfoot. A theatre and arts centre known as 'The Boo' is the home of the Horse and Bamboo Theatre Company who specialise in visual theatre, often using distinctive masks. Horse and Bamboo Theatre or Horse + Bamboo Theatre is a British theatre company founded in 1978 by the Artistic Director Bob Frith. A mask is an artefact normally worn on the face typically for protection concealment performance or amusement The Littoral Arts Trust, dedicated to arts, social and environmental research is based in the Rossendale Valley. The first part of the Irwell Sculpture Trail runs from Deerplay, above Bacup, to Stubbins. The Irwell Sculpture Trail is the largest Public art scheme in England, commissioning regional national and international artists
The actress Jane Horrocks was born in Rawtenstall, Rossendale, and the composer Alan Rawsthorne was born in Haslingden. Jane Horrocks (born 18 January 1964) is an English actress, Musician, and singer Alan Rawsthorne (2 May 1905 &ndash 24 July 1971 was a British Composer. Betty Jackson, the fashion designer, is a native of Bacup.
In the eighteenth and nineteenth century the Larks of Dean were an unusual group of working-class musicians whose music-making at the Baptist Chapel in Goodshaw Fold became an important local feature. The Larks of Dean were a society of musicians formed in Rossendale, Lancashire in northern England during the early and middle eighteenth century Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. There is also a brass band tradition as well as an amateur theatre scene. A brass band is a Musical group generally consisting entirely of Brass instruments, most often with a percussion section
There has been a long tradition of dialect poetry and writing in Rossendale. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Local poets have included Andrew Houston (The Rossendale Bard), Walter Hargreaves (Shepster) and Clifford Heyworth (Bill o' Bows). Andrew Houston (Born Doonbreeda March 23 1846 - ??) was born in County Mayo Waugh's Well, above Edenfield and Cowpe marks the spot where Edwin Waugh wrote many of his poems, and is a favourite spot for walkers - a popular activity in Rossendale that does not appear to be in decline. Edwin Waugh (1817 - 1890 Poet, son of a shoemaker was born at Rochdale and after a little schooling apprenticed to a printer
The Halo is an artwork in the form of an 18m-diameter steel lattice structure supported on a tripod overlooking Haslingden in Rossendale, positioned to be clearly visible from the M66 and A56 approach to Lancashire. It is lit after dark using low-energy LEDs powered by an adjacent wind turbine. It is the fourth Panopticon in Lancashire. ' Panopticons' is an arts and regeneration project of the East Lancashire Environmental Arts Network managed by Mid Pennine Arts It, and the adjacent landscaped area at Top o'Slate, was opened to the public in September 2007, and was designed by John Kennedy of LandLab.
Sports and entertainment
Three Rossendale towns have cricket clubs in the Lancashire League - Bacup, Haslingden, and Rawtenstall. The Lancashire League is a competitive league of local Cricket clubs drawn from the small to middle-sized mill towns mainly but not exclusively of East Lancashire The overseas professionals who are associated with the League have therefore often lived in the Rossendale Valley. For example, Everton Weekes was long associated with Bacup; Clive Lloyd with Haslingden. Sir Everton DeCourcey Weekes, KCMG, GCM, OBE (born 26 February, 1925) is a leading former West Indian Cricketer Clive Hubert Lloyd CBE born 31 August 1944 in Georgetown, British Guiana (now Guyana) is a former West Indies
The popular comedy series, The League of Gentlemen is apparently based upon Rossendale (and perhaps Bacup in particular), playing upon stereotypes and exaggerations of the area. The League of Gentlemen is a quartet of British comedy writer/performers formed in 1995 by Jeremy Dyson, Mark Gatiss, Steve Pemberton Subsequently, the producers filmed in various northern towns, one of which was Bacup itself, which Jeremy Dyson (writer) and Steve Pemberton (actor) proclaimed, "Bacup was the furthest we went into Lancashire. Jeremy Dyson (born 14 June 1966) is an English screenwriter and with Mark Gatiss, Steve Pemberton and Reece Shearsmith Steve James Pemberton (b 1 September 1967, Blackburn, Lancashire, England) is an English Comedy Writer Bacup was our hot favourite, but it was too frightening - when we arrived there was this cartoon drunk with a bottle shaking his fist at us. Bacup in real life was worse than Royston Vasey". Royston Vasey is a small fictional town in the north of England. http://www.geocities.com/gwaddingham/log.htm
Various towns within the Rossendale valley were used for filming scenes of the BBC TV series Hetty Wainthropp Investigates during the 1990s. Hetty Wainthropp Investigates is a British Crime - Comedy drama Television series which aired from 1996 to 1998
The area has a sizeable ski slope, appropriately named Ski Rossendale, which attracts many visitors. The slope has spawned and aided the Brass brothers, Steve Bailey and Danny Wheeler; and more recently Johnny Greenwood, Colum Mytton and Molly Percival to fame in the snowboarding world.
Rossendale also hosts the Rossendale Motorbike Show which brings in motorcycle enthusiasts from across the country.
Based in Nelson, the Rossendale Model Stock Car Club races scalextric-like 1/32 scale model stock cars. Scalextric is a major international brand of Slot car racing that first appeared in the late 1950s and is currently owned by Hornby.
References
- ^ http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=277024&c=rossendale&d=13&e=13&g=463797&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1206563588092&enc=1&dsFamilyId=1812
- ^ A Rossendale Anthology; Ronald Digby; Forest Press, Bacup 1969
- ^ Lancashire - The First Industrial Society; Chris Aspin; Carnegie 1995; ISBN 1-85936-016-5
- ^ Building Blocks; D. Revell and A. Baldwin; 1985; ISBN 0-947738-13-4
- ^ Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names; A. D. Mills; OUP 1991; ISBN 0-19-852758-6.
Notable residents
- Natalie Casey - Actress/Presenter (Hollyoaks)
- Jane Horrocks - Actress
- Ted Robbins - Actor/Comedian (Phoenix Nights)
- William Roache - Actor
- Phil Neville - Football Star (Everton)
- Sam Aston - Actor (Coronation Street)
- Emily Aston - Actress
- Jennie McAlpine - Actress (Coronation Street)
- Andy Kershaw - DJ/reporter
- Liz Kershaw - DJ
External links
- Rossendale council website
- Rossendale Transport website
- Ski Rossendale
- Rossendale United F.C.
- Rossendale Rugby Union Club
- Rossendale Free Press
- Rossendale Motorbike Show
- East Lancashire Railway Website
- R.S.Ireland website - black puddings
- Fitzpatricks Temperance Bar website
- Horse + Bamboo Theatre website
- Higher Mill Textile Museum
- Photos of Rossendale
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