Roses
Flag Coat of Arms
Location
General information
Province	Girona
Comarca	Alt Empordà
Demonym	Rosinc, rosinca
Land Area	45. Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. A comarca (meaning Shire or County, Spanish and Portuguese plural comarcas, Catalan plural Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 91 km²
Altitude	5 m AMSL
Population	18,139 (2007)
Density	395. Altitude is the Elevation of a point or object from a known level or datum (plural data The term above mean sea level ( AMSL) refers to the Elevation (on the ground or Altitude (in the Air) of any object relative to the In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 09 hab. /km²
Mayor	Magda Casamitjana i Aguilà

Roses is a municipality in the comarca of the Alt Empordà in Catalonia, Spain. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or This is a list of the comarques (singular "comarca") of Catalonia ( Spain) Alt Empordà ("Upper Empordà" is a comarca (county in Catalonia, Spain, one of two into which Empordà was divided by the comarcal Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It is situated on the coast at the northern end of the Gulf of Roses, and is an important fishing port and tourist centre. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. The C-260 road links the town with Figueres. for other uses see Figueres (disambiguation Figueres (Figueras is the capital of the comarca (district of Alt Empordà

The origins of Roses (Greek: Rhode) are disputed. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly A popular theory holds it was founded in the 8th century BC by Greek colonists from Rhodes. The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. Rhodes (Ρόδος Ródos, ˈɾo̞ðo̞s Rodi ردوس Rodos; Ladino: Rodi or Rodes) is a Greek island It seems more probable, however, that it was founded in the 5th century BC by Greeks from Massalia (Marseilles), perhaps with an admixture of colonists from neighbouring Empúries. The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ Empúries ( Catalan name in Spanish: Ampurias) is a town on the Mediterranean coast of the Catalan comarca of Alt Empordà (Spain Remains of the Greek settlement can still be seen. Remains from the Roman period go back to the 2nd century BC and continue well into Christian times with a paleochristian church and necropolis. The 2nd century BC started the first day of 200 BC and ended the last day of 101 BC. Early Christianity is commonly defined as the Christianity of the three centuries between the Crucifixion of Jesus ( c A necropolis (plural necropoleis or necropoles) is a large Cemetery or burial place (from Greek nekropolis "city of the dead" After the collapse of Roman power the town seems to have been abandoned, but a fortified settlement from the Visigothic period has been excavated on the nearby Puig Rom. The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East

The monastery of Santa Maria de Roses is mentioned for the first time in a document of the year 944. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. This article is about the year 944 For the Porsche sports car see Porsche 944. Around this monastery grew the mediaeval town of Roses, which fell under the shared jurisdiction of the abbots of Santa Maria de Roses and the counts of Empúries. The County of Empúries or Ampurias was a medieval county centred on the town of Empúries and enclosing the Catalan region of Peralada. In 1402 the county of Empúries was incorporated in the Crown of Aragon and Roses acquired the right to organise its own municipal government. The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon.

In the first decades of the 16th century Roses suffered repeatedly from attacks by privateers from North Africa. A privateer was a private Warship authorized by a country's Government by Letters of marque to attack foreign shipping To counter this threat, Charles V ordered in 1543 the construction of extensive fortifications. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was In spite of these precautions a squadron of the Turkish admiral Barbarossa attacked and plundered the town some months later. Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha ( Turkish: Barbaros Hayreddin Paşa or Hızır Hayreddin Paşa; also Hızır Reis before being promoted to the After substantial revisions, the fortifications were completed in 1553, under Charles's son Philip II. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 The entire mediaeval town was now enclosed by a bastioned pentagonal wall (illustration, left). The defensive system was supplemented by the Castell de la Trinitat, some 2. 5 km to the east. The town received a permanent military garrison, which changed its character profoundly. To minimise friction between the citizenry and the soldiers, barracks were constructed, but this did not prevent a gradual movement of part of the population outside the walls, where the modern town of Roses now is.

The fortifications from the air show remains of the mediaeval city and its walls.

In the following centuries the fortifications were severely tested. In 1645, during the Catalan Revolt, Roses was besieged and taken by French troops. The Catalan Revolt (known in Catalan as the Guerra dels Segadors or Reapers' War) affected a large part of Catalonia between the years of Only after the Peace of the Pyrenees (1659) was the town restored to Spain. The Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed in 1659 to end the war between France and Spain that had begun in 1635 during the Thirty Years' War.

In 1693, during the War of the Grand Alliance the French besieged the town again. The Nine Years' War (1688–97 – often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg – was a major war of the late 17th This time the French occupation lasted until 1697, when the Peace of Ryswick was concluded. The Treaty of Ryswick was signed on 20 September 1697 and named after Ryswick (now known as Rijswijk) in the Dutch Republic.

In 1712, during the War of the Spanish Succession, Austrian troops tried to take the city, but they were beaten off. Year 1712 ( MDCCXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap In the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714 several European powers combined to stop French succession to the Spanish throne and what would likely have been a resulting In 1719 another failed attempt was made, now by the French, during the War of the Quadruple Alliance. Year 1719 ( MDCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The War of the Quadruple Alliance ( 1718 – 1720) was a result of the ambitions of King Philip V of Spain, his wife Isabella Farnese and his chief

After a long period of relative calm the French revolution ushered in a new round of hostilities. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an In 1793 the French revolutionary government declared war on Spain. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Roses suffered a long siege that lasted from 28 November 1794 till 3 February 1795. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The town was surrendered to France, but peace between France and Spain was restored that same year, and the French withdrew.

In 1808 Napoleon forced the king of Spain to abdicate, French armies invaded the country again, and Roses was besieged for the fourth and last time. Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. In 1814, when the French left Spain, they blew up the town's fortifications along with the Castell de la Trinitat. Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The ancient town, the Ciutadella, was now completely ruined, while to the east the modern town slowly continued to grow.

In 1879 Roses suffered a severe economic crises through phylloxera, a pest of the grapevines, which destroyed the town's wine growing industry. Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is about the grape phylloxera For the Genus, see Phylloxera (genus. Part of the population moved to Barcelona or emigrated to the United States. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia

In the 20th century, notably in the period after World War II, Roses has profited enormously from the growth of tourism. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Over the last decades important excavations have been carried out inside the walls of the Ciutadella. This concerns not only the Greek and Roman remains, but also part of the mediaeval city and its walls. In the 1990s extensive restoration work was carried out on the walls of the Ciutadella, and in 2004 a museum was opened inside it. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " A somewhat controversial restoration of the Castell de Trinitat is currently nearing completion.

Demography

References

• Lluís Buscató i Somoza. La colònia grega de Rhode. Figueres, 1999. ISBN 84-88589-64-6.

• Narciso Díaz i Romañach. Roses: Una vila amb história. Roses, [1991]. ISBN 84-606-0033-5.

• Carlos Díaz, Hug Palou, Anna Ma. Puig. La Ciutadella de Roses. Girona, 1998. ISBN 84-86812-79-8.

• Pablo de la Fuente. Les fortificacions reials del golf de Roses en l'época moderna. Figueres, 1998. ISBN 84-88589-54-9.

• Pere de Palol. El Castrum del Puig de les Muralles de Puig Rom (Roses, Alt Empordà). Girona, 2004. ISBN 84-393-6654-X.

• Marcel Pujol i Hamelink. La vila de Roses (segles XIV-XVI). Figueres, 1997. ISBN 84-88589-42-5.

External links

External links

• Official site of Roses
• Information - Generalitat de Catalunya
• Statistical information - Institut d'Estadística de Catalunya
• Interactive Guide - Map of Roses
• Museum of the Ciutadella