Rosemary
Rosemary in flower
Conservation status
Secure
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Rosmarinus Species: R. The conservation status of a Species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species remaining extant either in the present day or the near future Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its The order Lamiales is a Taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous Flowering plants. Lamiaceae or Labiatae, also known as the mint family is a family of Plants comprising about 210 genera and some 3500 species Rosmarinus is a small genus of woody perennial Herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves in the family Lamiaceae, native to the officinalis
Binomial name
Rosmarinus officinalis L.[1]

Rosemary (dried) Nutritional value per 100 g (3. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for 5 oz)
Energy 190 kcal   800 kJ
Carbohydrates     64. Carbohydrates (from ' Hydrates of Carbon ' or saccharides ( Greek σάκχαρον meaning " Sugar " are the most 1 g - Sugars  0. 0 g - Dietary fiber  42. Dietary fibers are the indigestible portion of plant foods that move food through the Digestive system, absorbing water and easing Defecation. 6 g   Fat 15. Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water 2 g Protein 4. Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl 9 g Thiamin (Vit. B1)  0. For the similarly spelled pyrimidine see Thymine Thiamin or thiamine, also known as Vitamin B1 5 mg   38% Riboflavin (Vit. B2)  0. Riboflavin ( E101) also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed Micronutrient with a key role in maintaining Health 4 mg   27% Niacin (Vit. B3)  1. Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin which prevents the deficiency disease Pellagra. 0 mg   7% Pantothenic acid (B5)  0. Pantothenic acid, also called Vitamin B5 (a B vitamin) is a water- Soluble vitamin required to sustain life ( 0 mg  0% Vitamin B6  1. Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble Vitamin. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP is the active form and is a cofactor in many reactions of Amino acid metabolism including 7 mg 131% Folate (Vit. Folic acid (also known as Vitamin M and Folacin) and Folate (the Anionic form are forms of the water-soluble Vitamin B9 B9)  307 μg  77% Vitamin C  61. Vitamin C or L-ascorbate is an Essential nutrient for a large number of higher primate species a small number of other Mammalian 2 mg 102% Calcium  1280. Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 0 mg 128% Iron  29. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 2 mg 234% Magnesium  220. Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems. Magnesium occurs typically as the Mg2+ ion 0 mg 59%  Phosphorus  70. Phosphorus, (ˈfɒsfərəs is the Chemical element that has the symbol P and Atomic number 15 0 mg 10% Potassium  955 mg   20% Zinc  3. Potassium (pəˈtæsiəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol K (kalium from qalīy Atomic number 19 and Atomic mass 39 Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 2 mg 32%
Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. Reference Daily Intake (or Recommended Daily Intake ( RDI) is the daily dietary intake level of a nutrient which was considered (at the time they were defined to be sufficient Source: USDA Nutrient database

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves. A perennial plant or perennial ( Latin per, "through" annus, "year" is a Plant that lives for more than A(n herb (ˈhɝb or /ˈɝb/ see pronunciation differences) is a plant that is valued for qualities such as medicinal properties flavor scent or the like In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. It is native to the Mediterranean region. The Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around and surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae, which also includes many other herbs. Lamiaceae or Labiatae, also known as the mint family is a family of Plants comprising about 210 genera and some 3500 species

The name rosemary has nothing to do with the rose or the name Mary, but derives from the Latin name rosmarinus, which literally means "dew of the sea", though some think this too may be derived from an earlier name. A rose is a perennial flowering Shrub or vine of the Genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.

Contents 1 Description 2 Cultivation and uses 3 Medicinal uses 4 References 5 External links

Description

Forms range from upright to trailing; the upright forms can reach 1. 5 m tall, rarely 2 m.

The leaves are evergreen, 2-4 cm long and 2-5 mm broad, green above, and white below with dense short woolly hairs. In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round

The flowers are variable in color, being white, pink, purple, or blue. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also

Cultivation and uses

The fresh and dried leaves are used frequently in traditional Mediterranean cuisine as an herb; they have a bitter, astringent taste, which complements a wide variety of foods. Mediterranean cuisine is the food of the areas around the Mediterranean Sea. A(n herb (ˈhɝb or /ˈɝb/ see pronunciation differences) is a plant that is valued for qualities such as medicinal properties flavor scent or the like A tisane can also be made from them. An herbal tea, tisane, or ptisan is an Herbal Infusion made from anything other than the leaves of the Tea bush ( Camellia They are extensively used in cooking, and when burned give off a distinct mustard smell, as well as a smell similar to that of burning which can be used to flavor foods while barbecueing. Cooking is the process of preparing Food by applying Heat, selecting measuring and combining of ingredients in an ordered procedure for producing safe and edible

Rosemary is extremely high in iron, calcium, and Vitamin B6. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble Vitamin. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP is the active form and is a cofactor in many reactions of Amino acid metabolism including ^[2]

Since it is attractive and tolerates some degree of drought, it is also used in landscaping, especially in areas having a Mediterranean climate. A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply Landscaping refers to any activity that modifies the visible features of an area of land including but not limited to living elements, such as A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide It is considered easy to grow for beginner gardeners, and is pest-resistant.

Rosemary is easily pruned into shapes and has been used for topiary. Topiary is the art of creating Sculptures in the medium of clipped Trees, Shrubs and Sub-shrubs The word derives from the Latin When grown in pots, it is best kept trimmed to stop it getting too straggly and unsightly, though when grown in a garden, rosemary can grow quite large and still be attractive. It can be propagated from an existing plant by clipping a shoot 10-15 cm long, stripping a few leaves from the bottom, and planting it directly into soil.

Numerous cultivars have been selected for garden use. A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar A garden is a planned space usually outdoors set aside for the display cultivation and enjoyment of Plants and other forms of Nature. The following are frequently sold:

• Albus- white flowers
• Arp- leaves light green, lemon-scented
• Aureus- leaves speckled yellow
• Benenden Blue - leaves narrow, dark green
• Blue Boy - dwarf, small leaves
• Golden Rain - leaves green, with yellow streaks
• Irene - lax, trailing
• Lockwood de Forest - procumbent selection from Tuscan Blue
• Ken Taylor - shrubby
• Majorica Pink - pink flowers
• Miss Jessop's Upright - tall, erect
• Pinkie - pink flowers
• Prostratus
• Pyramidalis (a. k. a Erectus) - pale blue flowers
• Roseus - pink flowers
• Salem - pale blue flowers, cold hardy similar to Arp
• Severn Sea - spreading, low-growing, with arching branches; flowers deep violet
• Tuscan Blue - upright

Medicinal uses

Hungary water was first invented for the Queen of Hungary to "renovate vitality of paralysed limbs. " It was used externally and prepared by mixing 180g of fresh rosemary tops in full flower into a liter of spirits of wine. The litre or liter (see spelling differences) is a unit of Volume. Leave to stand for four days then distill. It is also supposed to work as a remedy against gout if rubbed vigorously on hands and feet. ^[3]

Rosemary has a very old reputation for improving memory, and has been used as a symbol for remembrance (during weddings, war commemorations and funerals) in Europe, probably as a result of this reputation. In Psychology, memory is an organism's ability to store retain and subsequently retrieve information Mourners would throw it into graves as a symbol of remembrance for the dead. In Shakespeare's Hamlet, Ophelia says, "There's rosemary, that's for remembrance. William Shakespeare ( baptised Hamlet is a Tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601 Ophelia is a Fictional character in the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare. " One modern study lends some credence to this reputation. When the smell of rosemary was pumped into cubicles where people were working, those people showed improved memory, though with slower recall. ^[4] A second study shows that carnosic acid, found in rosemary, shields the brain from free radicals, lowering the risk of strokes and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Lou Gehrig's. ^[5]

Don Quixote (Chapter XVII, 1st volume) mixes it in his recipe of the miraculous balm of Fierabras with revolting results. es '''''Don Quixote''''' (, see spelling and pronunciation below fully titled es '''''El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha''''' ("The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Fiërabras (from French: a bras fier, "on brave arm" or Ferumbras is a Saracen Knight (frequently of gigantic stature

Health Precautions: Rosemary in culinary or therapeutic doses is generally safe; however, precaution is necessary for those displaying allergic reaction or prone to epileptic seizure. Rosemary essential oil is a powerful convulsant; if applied to the skin, it may cause seizures in otherwise healthy adults or children. An essential oil is a concentrated Hydrophobic Liquid containing volatile Aroma compounds from Plants They are also known as volatile An epileptic seizure is caused by excessive and/or hypersynchronous electrical Neuronal activity and is usually self-limiting ^[6] Rosemary essential oil is potentially toxic if ingested. Large quantities of rosemary leaves can cause adverse reactions, such as coma, spasm, vomiting, and pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs) that can be fatal. Avoid consuming large quantities of rosemary if pregnant or breastfeeding. ^[7]

Rosemary may also be useful in the prevention and treatment of headlice. ^[8]

References

Books

• Calabrese, V. , Scapagnini, G. , Catalano, C. , Dinotta, F. , Geraci, D. , & Morganti, P. (2000). Biochemical studies of a natural antioxidant isolated from rosemary and its application in cosmetic dermatology. International Journal of Tissue Reactions. 22 (1): 5-13.
• Huang, M. T. , Ho, C. T. , Wang, Z. Y. , Ferraro, T. , Lou, Y. R. , Stauber, K. , Ma, W. , Georgiadis, C. , Laskin, J. D. , & Conney, A. H. (1994). Inhibition of skin tumorigenesis by rosemary and its constituents carnosol and ursolic acid. Cancer Res. 54(3):701-8.

Websites

1. ^ Rosmarinus officinalis information from NPGS/GRIN. www. ars-grin. gov. Retrieved on 2008-03-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian
2. ^ Nutrition Facts - Rosemary
3. ^ Rosemary at SuperbHerbs.net
4. ^ Moss M, et al. Aromas of rosemary and lavender essential oils differentially affect cognition and mood in healthy adults. Int J Neurosci. 2003 Jan;113(1):15-38.
5. ^ Burnham Institute for Medical Research (2007, November 2). Rosemary Chicken Protects Your Brain From Free Radicals. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 2, 2007, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/10/071030102210.htm
6. ^ PubMed entry
7. ^ Article at HealthComm
8. ^ Natural Ways To Keep Lice Away - Safe Natural Cures, More Than Home Remedies

External links

• Rosemary List of Chemicals (Dr. Duke's)
• medicinal use: botanical.com
• medicinal dosage and precautions: healthcomm.com
• Herb teas and old remedies: Rosemary (fr. with translator)
• Antimicrobial benefits of rosemary and sage Scientist Live
• Rosemary for Remembrance

Rosemary Sprig	Flower	A rosemary bush with many flowers	Leaves, the brighter side is the underside, and some have parts of young shoots or old stem attached
A shoot of the cultivar 'Irene'	A Rosemary bush at Longwood Gardens	From Koehler's Medicinal Plants, 1887	Close up of flower
Huge specimen in Sebastopol, CA, roughly 2. One of the premier Botanical gardens in the United States Longwood Gardens consists of 1050 acres (4 Sebastopol ( pronounced /səˈbæstəˌpʊl/ is a town in Sonoma County, California, United States, approximately north of San Francisco 2 m in height	Macro (Closeup) shot of specimen in Titusville, FL	Rosemary potatoes

Titusville is a city in Brevard County, Florida, United States.

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