The Rosary (from Latin rosarium, meaning "rose garden"^[1] or "garland of roses"^[2]) is a popular traditional Roman Catholic devotion. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. This article is primarily about devotions in the Latin Rite. For devotions in the Eastern Catholic Churches, refer to the articles on the individual Churches The term denotes both a set of prayer beads and the devotional prayer itself, which combines vocal (or silent) prayer and meditation. Prayer is the act of attempting to communicate with a Deity or spirit Meditation is a mental discipline by which one attempts to get beyond the conditioned "thinking" mind into a deeper state of relaxation or awareness The prayers consist of repeated sequences of the Lord's Prayer followed by ten recitations of the Hail Mary and a single recitation of "Glory Be to the Father"; each of these sequences is known as a decade. The Lord's Prayer, also known as the Our Father or Pater noster, is probably the best-known Prayer in Christianity. The Hail Mary or Ave Maria ( Latin) is a traditional Christian Prayer asking for the Intercession of the Virgin Mary, the Glory Be to the Father, also known as Gloria Patri, is a Doxology, a short Hymn of praise to God in various Christian liturgies The recitation of each decade is accompanied by meditation on one of the Mysteries of the Rosary, which are events in the lives of Jesus Christ and his mother, the Blessed Virgin Mary. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) This ecumenical article is about general Christian views on and veneration of the Virgin Mary

The traditional fifteen Mysteries of the Rosary were finalized by the 16th century. The mysteries are grouped into three sets: the joyful mysteries, the glorious mysteries, and the sorrowful mysteries. In 2002, Pope John Paul II announced five new optional mysteries, the luminous mysteries, bringing the total number of mysteries to twenty. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.

The Roman Catholic emphasis on the rosary is part of the Roman Catholic focus on Mariology, as exemplified by Pope John Paul II's Apostolic Letter Rosarium Virginis Mariae^[3] which builds on the "total Marian devotion" pioneered by Saint Louis de Montfort. Mariology is the theological study of Mary which methodically presents teachings about her to other parts of the faith such as teachings about Jesus Christ, redemption Pope Rosarium Virginis Mariae is the title of an Apostolic Letter by Pope John Paul II, issued on October 16 2002 St Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, was a French Priest and Catholic Saint, born on 31 January, 1673 in the small On the Roman Catholic liturgical calendar the Feast of Our Lady of the Rosary is celebrated on October 7. For earlier forms of the General Roman Calendar see the Tridentine Calendar, the General Roman Calendar as in 1954, General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius Our Lady of the Rosary (also Our Lady of the Holy Rosary or Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary) is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary in relation to the method Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar)

The rosary is sometimes used by other Christians, especially in the Anglican Communion and the Old Catholic Church, and also by some Lutherans. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth See also Anglicanism The Anglican Communion is an international association of national Anglican churches The Old Catholic Church is a Christian denomination originating with churches (many of them German -speaking that split from the Roman Catholic Church in Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther Evangelical Protestants, however, such as Baptists and Presbyterians do not use it and actively discourage their members from using this method of prayer. Evangelicalism is a theological movement tradition and system of beliefs most closely associated with Protestant Christianity, which identifies with the Gospel Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity

Many similar prayer practices exist in popular Roman Catholicism, each with its own set of prescribed prayers and its own form of prayer beads, such as the prayer rope in Eastern Orthodox Christianity. Prayer beads are traditionally used to keep count of the repetitions of Prayers chants or devotions by adherents of Religion. A prayer rope ( Greek: komboskini, Russian: вервица, Romanian: mătănii, Serbian: бројаница The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world These other devotions and their associated beads are usually referred to as "chaplets. The term Chaplet is used commonly to designate Roman Catholic prayer forms which use Prayer beads, but are not necessarily related to the Rosary. "

Contents 1 History 1.1 Key dates 2 Rosary beads 2.1 Rosary beads for other prayers 3 The Mysteries 3.1 Joyful Mysteries 3.2 Sorrowful Mysteries 3.3 Glorious Mysteries 3.4 Luminous Mysteries 4 Days of recitation 5 Approved form 5.1 Common pious additions 5.2 Rosary as a family prayer 6 Other forms of the Roman Catholic Rosary 6.1 Paternosters 6.2 The Servite Rosary 6.3 "St. Anthony's Rosary" 6.4 The Franciscan Crown 6.5 The Birgittine Rosary 6.6 Single-decade rosaries 7 Rosaries in other Christian traditions 8 Wearing of the Rosary 9 As penance or reparation 10 Power of the Rosary 11 Rosary manufacturing and distribution 12 See also 13 References 14 Further Reading 15 External links

History

There are differing views on the history of the rosary. According to tradition, the rosary was given to Saint Dominic in an apparition by the Blessed Virgin Mary in the year 1214 in the church of Prouille. Saint Dominic (Domingo also known as Dominic of Osma, often called Dominic de Guzmán and Domingo de Guzmán Garcés (1170 &ndash August 6 A Marian apparition is an event in which the Virgin Mary is believed to have Supernaturally appeared to one or more persons regardless of their religious faith This ecumenical article is about general Christian views on and veneration of the Virgin Mary Prouille or Prouilhe, "cradle of the Dominicans" where the first Dominican house a Convent, was founded in late 1206 or early 1207 This Marian apparition received the title of Our Lady of the Rosary. A Marian apparition is an event in which the Virgin Mary is believed to have Supernaturally appeared to one or more persons regardless of their religious faith Our Lady of the Rosary (also Our Lady of the Holy Rosary or Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary) is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary in relation to the method ^[4] However, most scholarly research suggests a more gradual and organic development of the rosary. ^[5]

Prayers with beads like the rosary may have begun as a practice by the laity to imitate the monastic Liturgy of the Hours, during the course of which the monks prayed the 150 Psalms daily. In religious organizations the laity comprises all persons who are not Clergy. Those living the monastic life are known by the generic terms Monks (men and Nuns (women This article refers to the Liturgy of the Hours as a specific manifestation of public prayer in the Roman Catholic Church. MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included As many of the laity and even lay monastics could not read, they substituted 150 repetitions of the Our Father (Pater noster in Latin) for the Psalms, sometimes using a cord with knots on it to keep an accurate count. In the most common usage lay brothers are those members of Catholic Religious orders particularly of monastic orders occupied primarily with manual labor and with The Lord's Prayer, also known as the Our Father or Pater noster, is probably the best-known Prayer in Christianity. ^[5] During the middle ages, evidence suggests that both the Our Father and the Hail Mary were recited with prayer beads. The Hail Mary or Ave Maria ( Latin) is a traditional Christian Prayer asking for the Intercession of the Virgin Mary, the In the 7th century, Saint Eligius wrote of using a counting device to keep track of the 150 Hail Marys of the Psalter of Mary. Saint Eligius or Loye ( French: Éloi) (ca 588-590 - December 1, 659 or 660 is the Patron saint of goldsmiths and other ^[6] In 13th century Paris, four trade guilds existed of prayer bead makers, who were referred to as paternosterers, and the beads were referred to as paternosters, suggesting a continued link between the Our Father (Pater noster in Latin) and the prayer beads. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city A guild is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade The earliest guilds were formed as confraternities of workers ^[5] In the 12th century, the rule of the English anchorites, the Ancrene Wisse, specified how groups of fifty Hail Marys were to be broken into five decades of ten Hail Marys each. Anchorite (male/ anchoress (female (adj anchoritic from the Greek anachōreō signifying "to withdraw" "to depart into the rural countryside" Ancrene Wisse (also Ancrene Riwle) or Guide for Anchoresses is a Monastic rule (or manual for anchoresses, written in the early 13th century ^[5] Gradually, the Hail Mary came to replace the Our Father as the prayer most associated with beads. Eventually, each decade came to be preceded by an Our Father, which further mirrored the structure of the monastic Liturgy of the Hours.

The practice of meditation during the recitation of the Hail Marys can be attributed to Dominic of Prussia (1382-1461), a Carthusian monk. The Hail Mary or Ave Maria ( Latin) is a traditional Christian Prayer asking for the Intercession of the Virgin Mary, the Dominic of Prussia (Dominique Helion or Dominique de Prusse; Dominikus von Preussen Dominicus Prutenus 1382 &ndash 1461 was a Carthusian monk The Carthusian Order, also called the Order of St Bruno, is a Roman Catholic religious order of enclosed monastics. MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective ^[5] Regardless of the origin of the rosary, it was greatly promoted by the preaching of the Dominican priest Alan de Rupe, who helped to spread the devotion in France, Flanders, and the Netherlands between 1460 and his death in 1475. A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities Alanus de Rupe (also Alan or Alain de la Roche) was a Roman Catholic theologian born about 1428 died at Zwolle in the Netherlands This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands ^[7]

From the 16th to the early 20th century, the structure of the rosary remained essentially unchanged. ^[5] There were fifteen mysteries, one for each of the fifteen decades. In the 20th century the addition of the Fatima Prayer to the end of each decade became popular. The Fatima Prayer (ˈfatimɐ or Invocation is a common version of the Jesus Prayer used by Roman Catholics. There were no other changes until 2002 when John Paul II instituted five optional new Luminous Mysteries. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Pope The Rosary (from Latin rosarium, meaning "rose garden" or "garland of roses" is a popular traditional Roman Catholic devotion.

Key dates

The following table are key dates in the development of the rosary.

• 4th century prayer rope used by the Desert Fathers to count repetitions of the Jesus Prayer
• In the 7th century, St. Eligius (c. A prayer rope ( Greek: komboskini, Russian: вервица, Romanian: mătănii, Serbian: бројаница Desert Fathers were Christian Hermits, Ascetics and Monks who lived mainly in the Scetes desert of Egypt, beginning around The Jesus Prayer, also called the Prayer of the Heart, is a short formulaic prayer often uttered repeatedly Saint Eligius or Loye ( French: Éloi) (ca 588-590 - December 1, 659 or 660 is the Patron saint of goldsmiths and other 588-660) wrote of making a chair adorned with 150 gold and silver nails to aid in the recitation of the Psalter of Blessed Mary, which substituted one Hail Mary for each of the Psalms. The Hail Mary or Ave Maria ( Latin) is a traditional Christian Prayer asking for the Intercession of the Virgin Mary, the Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included ^[8]
• In the early 8th century, Venerable Bede (d. Bede (ˈbiːd (also Saint Bede, the Venerable Bede, or (from Latin Beda (beda (c 733) attests that churches and public places in France and England had prayer beads available for the faithful to use. ^[9]
• c. 1075 Lady Godiva refers in her will to "the circlet of precious stones which she had threaded on a cord in order that by fingering them one after another she might count her prayers exactly" (Malmesbury, "Gesta Pont. Godiva (or Godgifu) (c 980-1067 was an Anglo-Saxon noblewoman who according to Legend, rode naked through the streets of Coventry ", Rolls Series 311)^[5]
• A rule for anchorites in mid-12th century England gives directions on how fifty Hail Marys are to be said divided into sets of ten, with prostrations and other marks of reverence. The Rolls Series, official title The Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland during the Middle Ages, is a major collection of British and Irish historical Anchorite (male/ anchoress (female (adj anchoritic from the Greek anachōreō signifying "to withdraw" "to depart into the rural countryside" ^[5]
• It is recorded in 12th century Mary-legends (Marien-legenden) that a certain Eulalia was told to pray five decades slowly and devoutly instead of fifteen decades in a hurry. ^[5]
• It is recorded by a contemporary biographer that St. Aibert, who died in 1140, recited 150 Hail Marys daily, 100 with genuflexions and 50 with prostrations. ^[10][11]
• 1160 Saint Rosalia is buried with a string of prayer beads^[5]
• 1214 traditional date of the legend of Saint Dominic's reception of the rosary from the Virgin Mary as Our Lady of the Rosary^[12]
• It is recorded of St. Louis of France, who lived in the 13th century, that "without counting his other prayers the holy King knelt down every evening fifty times and each time he stood upright then knelt again and repeated slowly an Ave Maria. Saint Rosalia (also called La Santuzza or "The Little Saint") A legend ( Latin, legenda, "things to be read" is a Narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to Saint Dominic (Domingo also known as Dominic of Osma, often called Dominic de Guzmán and Domingo de Guzmán Garcés (1170 &ndash August 6 This ecumenical article is about general Christian views on and veneration of the Virgin Mary Our Lady of the Rosary (also Our Lady of the Holy Rosary or Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary) is a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary in relation to the method " ^[13]
• Mid-13th century word "Rosary" first used (by Thomas of Champitre, in De apibus, ii. 13),^[14] not referring to prayer beads but in a Marian context
• 1268 A reference to guild of "paternosterers" in Paris in "Livre des métiers" of Stephen Boyleau. ^[5]
• Early 15th century, Dominic of Prussia, a Carthusian, introduces 50 mysteries, one for each Ave Maria^[15][16]
• c. Dominic of Prussia (Dominique Helion or Dominique de Prusse; Dominikus von Preussen Dominicus Prutenus 1382 &ndash 1461 was a Carthusian monk The Carthusian Order, also called the Order of St Bruno, is a Roman Catholic religious order of enclosed monastics. 1514 Hail Mary prayer attains its current form. ^[17]
• 1569 Pope Pius V established the current form of the original 15 mysteries^[18]
• 1587 A Book on the Rosary entitled Rosario della Sacratissima Vergine Maria by Ven. Pope Luis de Granada is published in Italian, which uses a similar method to the fourth method of the five methods of praying the rosary by St. Louis of Granada ( 1505 - December 31, 1588) was a Dominican Theologian, Writer, and Preacher. Five methods of praying the rosary are presented within the works of Saint Louis de Montfort, a French Roman Catholic Priest and writer of the Louis-Marie de Montfort. ^[19]
• 1597 first recorded use of the term "rosary" to refer to prayer beads. ^[20]
• 1917 Our Lady of Fatima is said to ask that the Fatima Prayer be added to the Rosary. Our Lady of Fátima (ˈfatimɐ is the title given to the Blessed Virgin Mary by those who believe that she appeared to three shepherd children at Fátima The Fatima Prayer (ˈfatimɐ or Invocation is a common version of the Jesus Prayer used by Roman Catholics. Her visionaries state that she also asks for the Rosary to be said to stop the war, and as part of the Immaculate Heart's reparation. Lúcia de Jesus Rosa Santos &ndash Sister Lúcia of Jesus and of the Immaculate Heart, better known as Sister Lúcia of Jesus &ndash ( March 28,
• 1974 Pope Paul VI issues the Apostolic Letter Marialis Cultus which devotes 14 sections to the use of the rosary within the Roman Catholic Church. Pope Ecclesiastical letters are publications or announcements of the organs of Roman Catholic ecclesiastical authority e Marialis Cultus is the title of a Mariological Apostolic Letter by Pope Paul VI issued on February 2nd 1974 ^[21]
• 2002 Pope John Paul II introduces the Luminous Mysteries as an option for Roman Catholics in an Apostolic Letter on the Rosary, Rosarium Virginis Mariae. Pope The Rosary (from Latin rosarium, meaning "rose garden" or "garland of roses" is a popular traditional Roman Catholic devotion. Rosarium Virginis Mariae is the title of an Apostolic Letter by Pope John Paul II, issued on October 16 2002 ^[22]

Rosary beads

A rosary provides a physical method of keeping track of the number of Hail Marys said. The Hail Mary or Ave Maria ( Latin) is a traditional Christian Prayer asking for the Intercession of the Virgin Mary, the The fingers are moved along the beads as the prayers are recited. By not having to keep track of the count mentally, the mind is more able to meditate on the mysteries. A five decade rosary contains five groups of ten beads (a decade), with additional large beads before each decade. The Hail Mary is said on the ten beads within a decade, while the Our Father is said on the large bead before each decade. The Hail Mary or Ave Maria ( Latin) is a traditional Christian Prayer asking for the Intercession of the Virgin Mary, the The Lord's Prayer, also known as the Our Father or Pater noster, is probably the best-known Prayer in Christianity. A new mystery is meditated upon at each of the large beads. Some rosaries, particularly those used by religious orders, contain fifteen decades, corresponding to the traditional fifteen mysteries of the rosary. A religious order is a lineage of communities and organizations of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with their specific religious devotion usually Both five and fifteen decade rosaries are attached to a shorter strand, which starts with a crucifix followed by one large, three small, and one large beads before connecting to the rest of the rosary. A crucifix (from Latin cruci fixus meaning "(one fixed to a cross" is a cross with a representation of Jesus ' body or corpus The recitation of the rosary is started on the short strand, reciting the Apostle's Creed at the crucifix, an Our Father at the first large bead, three Hail Marys on the next three beads, then a Glory be to the Father on the next large bead. A crucifix (from Latin cruci fixus meaning "(one fixed to a cross" is a cross with a representation of Jesus ' body or corpus Glory Be to the Father, also known as Gloria Patri, is a Doxology, a short Hymn of praise to God in various Christian liturgies The recitation of the decades then follows. Although counting the prayers on a string of beads is customary, the prayers of the rosary do not actually require a set of beads, but can be said using any type of counting device, by counting on one's fingers, or by counting by oneself without any device at all.

The beads can be made from a wide variety of materials including wood, bone, glass, crushed flowers, semi-precious stones such as agate, jet, amber, or jasper, or precious materials including coral, crystal, silver, and gold. Precious coral or red coral is the common name given to Corallium rubrum and several related species of marine Coral. Rosaries are sometimes made from the seeds of the "rosary pea" or "bead tree". Commonly called Persian Lilac, White Cedar, Chinaberry or Bead Tree, Melia azedarach ( syn Today, the vast majority of rosary beads are made of glass, plastic, or wood. Early rosaries were strung on strong thread, often silk, but modern ones are more often made as a series of chain-linked beads. Our Lady's Rosary Makers produce some 7 million rosaries annually that are distributed to those in economic and spiritual need. Our Lady's Rosary Makers is a non-profit apostolate in Louisville Kentucky dedicated to spreading devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Rosary. ^[23]

It is especially common for beads to be made of material with some special significance, such as jet from the shrine of St. James at Santiago de Compostela, or olive seeds from the Garden of Gethsemane. For people and places called Saint James, see the Saint James disambiguation page Santiago de Compostela (also Saint James of Compostela is the capital of the autonomous community of Galicia and a UNESCO World Gethsemane ( Greek ΓεσΘημανι Gesthēmani ' Hebrew: גת שמנים, from Aramaic גת שמנא Gat Šmānê, lit Beads are sometimes made to enclose sacred relics, or drops of holy water. A relic is an object or a personal item of religious significance carefully preserved with an air of Veneration as a tangible memorial Holy water can also refer to water that has been blessed, such as by a Priest, and is considered Holy. A set of blessed Rosary Beads is a sacramental. Sacramentals are material objects or things ( sacramentalia) set apart or blessed by the Roman Catholic Church, the Orthodox Churches and the Anglican

In addition to a string of beads the rosary comes in other forms for ease of use. A ring rosary is a finger ring with eleven knobs on it, ten round ones and one crucifix. A rosary bracelet is one with ten beads and often a cross or medal as well. The most modern form is the rosary card. A rosary card is either one with a "handle" that moves like a slide rule to count the decade, or it has a whole rosary with bumps similar to Braille. The slide rule, also known as a slipstick, is a mechanical Analog computer. The Braille system is a method that is widely used by blind people to read and write

Rosary beads for other prayers

Main article: Rosary based prayers

Rosary beads are at times used to say Roman Catholic rosary based prayers which do not involve the Hail Mary and the mysteries of the rosary. Rosary based prayers are Roman Catholic prayers said on a set of rosary beads. Rosary based prayers are Roman Catholic prayers said on a set of rosary beads. Examples include the Chaplet of Divine Mercy introduced by Saint Faustina Kowalska and the Rosary of the Holy Wounds introduced by the Venerable Sister Mary Martha Chambon. The Chaplet of the Divine Mercy is a Roman Catholic devotion based on the visions of Polish Nun and Canonized Mary Faustina Kowalska, commonly known as Saint Faustina, born Helena Kowalska (August 25 1905 Glogowiec Poland then in the Russian Empire &ndash Died October The Rosary of the Holy Wounds (also called the Chaplet of Holy Wounds) is a specific form of Roman Catholic prayer said on the usual rosary beads The Venerable is used as a style or epithet in several Christian churches. Marie Martha Chambon (1841-1907 was a lay Roman Catholic Sister of the Monastery of the Visitation Order who lived in Chambery, France. ^[24] These prayers often use rosary beads, but their words and format do not correspond to the usual mysteries. Both Saint Faustina Kowalska and the Venerable Sister Mary Martha Chambon attributed these prayers to Jesus as part of their visions of Jesus Christ. Since the Crucifixion of Jesus Christ in Calvary until today a number of people have claimed to have had visions (and indeed personal conversations with Him and ^[25]

The Mysteries

The recitation of the Rosary is traditionally dedicated to one of three sets of "Mysteries" to be said in sequence, one per a day: the Joyful (sometimes Joyous) Mysteries; the Sorrowful Mysteries; and the Glorious Mysteries. The crucifixion of Jesus is an event recorded in all four Gospels (;;) which takes place after his arrest and trial and includes his scourging Each of these three sets of Mysteries has within it five different themes to be meditated on, one for each decade of ten Hail Marys. Pope John Paul II, in his apostolic letter Rosarium Virginis Mariae (October 2002), recommended an additional set called the Luminous Mysteries (or the "Mysteries of Light"). Pope ^[22] Catholic faithful who prefer the original fifteen mysteries point to the belief that the Rosary is Mary's Psalter, containing 150 Hail Marys in its body for the 150 Psalms. Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included ^[26] The Luminous Mysteries make the total 200, but incorporate Christ's ministry.

In addition to meditating upon the events of the mysteries, many people associate certain virtues, or fruits, with each mystery. The seven virtues are a set of seven cardinal virtues recognized in Christian Philosophy, especially Virtue ethics, and Theology. (The following list of mysteries and the fruits associated with them^[27] corresponds to moments in the life, passion, and death of Jesus and Mary's participation in them chronologically. This article describes the Christian Passion For other meanings see Passion. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) )

Joyful Mysteries

1. The Annunciation. In Christianity the Annunciation ( grc Ευαγγελισμός της Θεοτόκου, Evangelismós tēs Theotókou in Greek) is the revelation Fruit of the Mystery: Humility
2. The Visitation. Humility, or being humble, is the defining characteristic of an unpretentious and modest person someone who does not think that he or she is better or more important The Visitation is the visit of the Blessed Virgin Mary with Saint Elizabeth as recorded in the Gospel of Luke. Fruit of the Mystery: Love of Neighbor
3. The Nativity. For depictions in painting and sculpture see Nativity of Jesus in art. Fruit of the Mystery: Poverty (poor in spirit), Detachment from the things of the world, Contempt of Riches, Love of the Poor
4. The Presentation of Jesus at the Temple. The Feast of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple celebrates an early episode in the life of Jesus, and falls on or around 2 February. Fruit of the Mystery: Purity
5. The Finding of the Child Jesus in the Temple. The Finding in the Temple, also called "Christ among the Doctors" (the usual name in art and formerly the Disputation, was an episode in the early Fruit of the Mystery: True Wisdom and True Conversion.

Sorrowful Mysteries

1. The Agony in the Garden. The Agony in the Garden is the name given to the time in the life of Jesus between The Last Supper and His arrest Fruit of the Mystery: Sorrow for Sin, Uniformity with the will of God
2. The Scourging at the Pillar. This article describes the Christian Passion For other meanings see Passion. Fruit of the Mystery: Mortification
3. The Crowning with Thorns. In Christianity the Crown of Thorns, one of the instruments of the Passion, was the woven chaplet of thorn branches worn by Jesus before his Crucifixion Fruit of the Mystery: Contempt of the world
4. The Carrying of the Cross. This article describes the Christian Passion For other meanings see Passion. Fruit of the Mystery: Patience
5. The Crucifixion. This article describes the Christian Passion For other meanings see Passion. Fruit of the Mystery: Salvation

Glorious Mysteries

1. The Resurrection. Within the body of Christian beliefs the resurrection of Jesus is a core event on which much of Christian doctrine and theology depend Fruit of the Mystery: Faith
2. The Ascension. The general and most common understanding of the Christian Doctrine of Ascension holds that Jesus bodily ascended to Heaven in the presence Fruit of the Mystery: Hope and desire for Heaven
3. The Descent of the Holy Spirit. Pentecost (πεντηκοστή, pentekostē, "the fiftieth day" is one of the prominent feasts in the Christian Liturgical year, celebrated the Fruit of the Mystery: Holy Wisdom to know the truth and share with everyone
4. The Assumption of Mary. This article is about the theological concept For the works of art with this title see Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Art and Roman Catholic Marian art. Fruit of the Mystery: Grace of a Happy Death and True Devotion towards Mary
5. The Coronation of the Blessed Virgin Mary. The Coronation of the Virgin or Coronation of Mary is a subject in Christian art, especially popular in Italy in the 13th to 15th centuries but continuing in popularity This ecumenical article is about general Christian views on and veneration of the Virgin Mary Fruit of the Mystery: Perseverance and Crown of Glory

Luminous Mysteries

1. The Baptism of Jesus in the Jordan. In the Synoptic gospels, Jesus is baptised by John the Baptist. Fruit of the Mystery: Openness to the Holy Spirit
2. The Wedding at Cana. The Marriage at Cana or Wedding at Cana is an event reported by the Gospel of John but not by any of the Synoptic Gospels. Fruit of the Mystery: To Jesus through Mary
3. Jesus' Proclamation of the Kingdom of God. Fruit of the Mystery: Repentance and Trust in God
4. The Transfiguration. The Transfiguration of Jesus is an event reported by the Synoptic Gospels in which Jesus is transfigured upon a mountain (,) Fruit of the Mystery: Desire for Holiness
5. The Institution of the Eucharist. In the Christian Gospels the Last Supper (also called the Lord's Supper or Mystical Supper) was the last meal Jesus shared with his Fruit of the Mystery: Adoration

Days of recitation

Day of recitation	With the Luminous Mysteries	Without the Luminous Mysteries
Sunday	The Glorious Mysteries	Advent to Sunday before Septuagesima: The Joyful Mysteries Septuagesima to Palm Sunday: The Sorrowful Mysteries Easter to Sunday before Advent: The Glorious Mysteries
Monday	The Joyful Mysteries	The Joyful Mysteries
Tuesday	The Sorrowful Mysteries	The Sorrowful Mysteries
Wednesday	The Glorious Mysteries	The Glorious Mysteries
Thursday	The Luminous Mysteries	The Joyful Mysteries
Friday	The Sorrowful Mysteries	The Sorrowful Mysteries
Saturday	The Joyful Mysteries	The Glorious Mysteries

Approved form

• A sign of the cross on the Crucifix and then the "Apostles' Creed";
• An "Our Father" on the first large bead;
• A "Hail Mary" on each of the three small beads with the following intentions (the theological virtues):
  1. For the increase of faith
  2. For the increase of hope
  3. For the increase of charity
• A "Glory Be to the Father" on the next large bead;
• Announce the mystery
• An "Our Father" on the large bead
• A "Hail Mary" on each of the adjacent ten small beads;
• A "Glory Be to the Father" on the next large bead;
• Again an Our Father, ten Hail Marys, the Glory Be to the Father, and Fatima Prayer for each of the following decades;
• A "Hail Holy Queen" and a sign of the cross. The Lord's Prayer, also known as the Our Father or Pater noster, is probably the best-known Prayer in Christianity. The Hail Mary or Ave Maria ( Latin) is a traditional Christian Prayer asking for the Intercession of the Virgin Mary, the Glory Be to the Father, also known as Gloria Patri, is a Doxology, a short Hymn of praise to God in various Christian liturgies The Fatima Prayer (ˈfatimɐ or Invocation is a common version of the Jesus Prayer used by Roman Catholics. For the university see Salve Regina University. The " Salve Regina " is one of four Marian antiphons sung at different

Common pious additions

Many people add a recitation of the Fatima Decade Prayer at the end of each Decade. The Fatima Prayer (ˈfatimɐ or Invocation is a common version of the Jesus Prayer used by Roman Catholics. In the practice of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, they have an additional decade for the intentions of the students or the Blessed Virgin Mary. The Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools (also known as the Christian Brothers, the Lasallian Brothers, the French Christian Brothers This ecumenical article is about general Christian views on and veneration of the Virgin Mary

A pious German custom is to insert a phrase in the middle of each Hail Mary (after ". . . blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus . . . "), which refers to the specific mystery being meditated upon. ^[28][29] This custom was incorporated into St. Louis de Montfort's second method out of his five Methods of Praying the Rosary. St Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, was a French Priest and Catholic Saint, born on 31 January, 1673 in the small Five methods of praying the rosary are presented within the works of Saint Louis de Montfort, a French Roman Catholic Priest and writer of the ^[30]

In the practice of the Dominican Order, the opening prayers of the rosary mirror the opening of the Divine Office:

1. In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit. The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is This article refers to the Liturgy of the Hours as a specific manifestation of public prayer in the Roman Catholic Church. Amen.
2. Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee.
3. Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb, Jesus.
4. O Lord, open my lips.
5. And my mouth will proclaim your praise.
6. Incline your aid to me, O God.
7. O Lord, make haste to help me.
8. Glory to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit, as it was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen.

Rosary as a family prayer

Rosary is usually prayed in Church during afternoon or evening hours. Many Catholics pray the rosary on their own, when alone. But the rosary is also an old family prayer. This specific family devotion has been supported be several popes including Pope Pius XII in his encyclical Ingruentium Malorum:

• The custom of the family recitation of the Holy Rosary is a most efficacious means. Pope Ingruentium Marlorum is an Encyclical of Pope Pius XII on reciting the Rosary, Given in Rome at St What a sweet sight - most pleasing to God - when, at eventide, the Christian home resounds with the frequent repetition of praises in honor of the High Queen of Heaven! Then the Rosary, recited in the family, assembled before the image of the Virgin, in an admirable union of hearts, the parents and their children, who come back from their daily work. It unites them piously with those absent and those dead. It links all more tightly in a sweet bond of love, with the most Holy Virgin, who, like a loving mother, in the circle of her children, will be there bestowing upon them an abundance of the gifts of concord and family peace. ^[31]

Other forms of the Roman Catholic Rosary

Paternosters

In Monastic Houses, monks were expected to pray the Divine Office daily in Latin, the liturgical language of the Roman Catholic Church. Monasticism (from Greek μοναχός, monachos, derived from Greek monos, alone is the religious practice in which one Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. In some Houses, lay brothers who did not understand Latin or who were illiterate were required to say the Lord's Prayer a certain number of times per day while meditating on the Mysteries of the Incarnation of Christ. The Lord's Prayer, also known as the Our Father or Pater noster, is probably the best-known Prayer in Christianity. Christ is the English term for the Greek ( Khristós) meaning "the anointed " Since there were 150 Psalms, this could number up to 150 times per day. Psalms ( Hebrew: Tehilim, תהילים, or "praises" is a book of the Hebrew Bible (the Christian Old Testament) included To count these repetitions, they used beads strung upon a cord and this set of prayer beads became commonly known as a Pater noster, which is the Latin for "Our Father". Lay people adopted this practice as a form of popular worship. The Paternoster could be of various lengths, but was often made up of 5 “decades” of 10 beads, which when performed three times made up 150 prayers. Other Paternosters, most notably those used by lay persons, may have had only had 10 beads, and may have also been highly ornamented. As the Rosary (ring of flowers) incorporating the Hail Mary prayer became more common, it was often still referred to as a Paternoster. The Hail Mary or Ave Maria ( Latin) is a traditional Christian Prayer asking for the Intercession of the Virgin Mary, the

The Servite Rosary

In 1233, seven of the members of a Florentine Confraternity devoted to the Holy Mother of God were gathered in prayer under the presidency of Alessio Falconieri. According to tradition, Mary appeared to the young men and exhorted them to devote themselves to her service, in retirement from the world. They retired to the deserted slopes of Monte Senario near Florence, where they experienced another vision of Mary. There they formed a new Order called the Servants of Mary, or Servites, in recognition of their special manner of venerating Our Lady of Sorrows. The Servite Order, whose members are known as Servite Friars or Servants of Mary, is one of the five original Catholic Mendicant orders Its objects are Our Lady of Sorrows (Latin Beata Maria Virgo Perdolens) the Sorrowful Mother or Mother of Sorrows (Latin Mater Dolorosa) Our Lady The seven-"week" Servite Rosary is variously called the Servite Chaplet; Rosary of the Seven Dolors of the Blessed Virgin Mary; and the Seven Swords Rosary. A set of introductory prayers for the Servite Rosary was written by St. Alphonsus Liguori in his book The Glories of Mary. Saint Alphonsus Liguori ( September 27, 1696 &ndash August 1, 1787) was a Roman Catholic Bishop, spiritual ^[32]

"St. Anthony's Rosary"

The Irish (specifically the Gaelic-speaking) and their descendants have a tradition of saying thirteen Aves rather than ten, in honour of St. Anthony of Padua, whose feast day is 13 June. Saint Anthony ( August 15, 1195 – June 13, 1231) also venerated as Saint Anthony of Lisbon and Saint Anthony of Padua, Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Also called the St. Anthony Chaplet, its prayers are accompanied by a poem called the Miraculous Responsory or si quideris, written by Saint Bonaventure. Saint Bonaventure of Bagnoregio (San Bonaventura (1221 &ndash July 15, 1274) born John of Fidanza (Giovanni di Fidanza was the eighth Minister Like most chaplets, it is available at Catholic book shops.

The Franciscan Crown

In 1263, Saint Bonaventure, Minister General of the Order, encouraged liturgical devotion honoring the mystery of The Visitation. This article refers to the Doctor Who serial For the novel by Frank E The Franciscan rosary, or as it is properly called, The Franciscan Crown, developed in early part of the 15th century, and was officially established in 1422. The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic The Franciscan Crown (or Seraphic Rosary is a Rosary consisting of seven decades in commemoration of the Seven Joys of the Virgin, namely the Annunciation The Franciscan Crown consists of seven decades of Hail Marys, each preceded by an Our Father and followed by a Glory Be, and completed by two more Hail Marys after the 7th decade to complete the number 72 which is thought to be the age of Mary at the time of her Assumption. The Crown recalls the seven joys of Mary and how she responded to the grace of God in her life. In addition to developing this Marian devotion, the Franciscans are credited with adding the final words to the Hail Mary: Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners (from the writings of St. Bernardino of Siena) now and at the hour of our death (from the writings of the Servite Fathers and the Roman Breviary). Saint Bernardino of Siena (sometimes Bernardine, September 8 1380 &ndash May 20, 1444) was an Italian priest preacher The Servite Order, whose members are known as Servite Friars or Servants of Mary, is one of the five original Catholic Mendicant orders Its objects are A breviary (from Latin brevis, 'short' or 'concise' is a Liturgical book of the Latin liturgical rites of the Catholic Church '

The Birgittine Rosary

The rosary as prayed by the Birgittine order comprises 7 Our Fathers (to honour the joys and sorrows of the Blessed Virgin), and 63 Hail Marys, one for each (presumed) year of her life before the Assumption. The Bridgettine or Briggittine order is a monastic Religious order of Augustinian Canonesses founded by Saint Birgitta (Saint This article is about the theological concept For the works of art with this title see Assumption of the Virgin Mary in Art and Roman Catholic Marian art. The layout of the beads is a loop containing six decades, together with a short string of beads leading to the crucifix. ^[33]

An example of the Birgittine rosary may be seen depicted on the Statue of the Crowned Virgin in the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes. The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes or the Domain (as it is most commonly known is an area of ground surrounding the shrine ( Grotto) to Our Lady of Lourdes

Single-decade rosaries

Religious persecution of Catholics began in England and Ireland under Henry VIII in 1540 and continued until about 1731. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of During what has been called the Penal Times, death became the common penalty for attending a Mass or harboring a priest. In the most general sense penal is the body of laws that are enforced by the State in its own name and impose penalties for their violation as opposed to civil law that seeks The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities Small, easily hidden Rosaries were used to avoid detection. Sometimes rather than a cross, other symbols of specific meanings were used:

• Hammer: nails of the cross;
• Nails: crucifixion;
• Spear: wound;
• Halo: crown of thorns;
• Cords: scourging;
• Chalice: Last Supper;
• Rooster: crowing/resurrection.

These rosaries, especially the smaller ring-type, have since become known as soldiers' rosaries, because they were often taken into battle by soldiers, most notably during WWI. These single-decade Rosary variations can be worn as a ring or carried easily and are still popular. A rosary ring is a ring worn around the finger with 10 indentations and a cross on the surface, representing one decade of a rosary. This is often worn as jewelry, and used through the day. Some ring Rosaries use a small bearing on the inside of the ring to permit easy turning. A finger Rosary is similar to a ring, but is a bit larger. Rosaries like these are used by either rotating or just holding them between a finger and thumb while praying. A hand Rosary is a decade in a complete loop, with one bead separated from ten other beads, this is meant to be carried while walking or running, so as not to entangle the larger type. Credit card-sized Rosaries have also appeared, especially among members of militaries, where holes or bumps represent the prayers and the persons praying move their fingers along the bumps to count prayers.

Rosaries in other Christian traditions

While use of the Roman Catholic rosary has gradually been adopted by many Eastern Catholics, many Eastern Catholic churches have undertaken a campaign of liturgical de-Latinization, removing imported devotions and practices (such as the rosary) that have obscured and replaced traditional and authentic devotions and practices of the Eastern Catholic Churches. This article refers to Eastern Churches in full communion with the Holy See Liturgical Latinisation is the process by which the liturgical practices of the Churches of Eastern Christianity (particularly the Eastern Catholic Churches Subsequently, the most common prayer used in the Eastern Christian Churches (Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic) is the Jesus Prayer, which makes use of the more ancient prayer rope (chotki), a knotted rope (rather than beads) joined together with a knotted cross. Families of churches Eastern Christians have a shared tradition but they became divided ( Schism) during the early centuries of Christianity in disputes about The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world This article refers to Eastern Churches in full communion with the Holy See The Jesus Prayer, also called the Prayer of the Heart, is a short formulaic prayer often uttered repeatedly A prayer rope ( Greek: komboskini, Russian: вервица, Romanian: mătănii, Serbian: бројаница The prayer rope is not as fixed in form as the Western rosary (it may have 10, 33, 50, 100, or 500 knots on it), and it normally makes use of beads only as dividers between sections. The Eastern prayer rope is often divided into decades, but it may also be divided into sections of 25 or some other number, or not divided at all.

Among High Church Anglicans, Anglican prayer beads are sometimes used. " High Church " relates to Ecclesiology and Liturgy in Anglican theology and practice Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs Sometimes known as the "Anglican rosary" "Christian Prayer beads" or " Ecumenical prayer beads" Anglican prayer beads are a loop of This set is also known as the "Anglican Rosary"^[34] or as "Christian prayer beads," the latter term arising from the popularity this set has gained among Christians of various other traditions. Anglican bead sets contain 28 beads in groups of seven called "weeks," with an additional large bead before each. In total, there are 33 beads representing the years of Jesus' life on Earth. A number of Anglicans use the Jesus Prayer, just like the Eastern Christians, but there are no Church-appointed prayers or meditations in the Anglican practice. Some Anglo-Catholics use the traditional Roman Catholic rosary. The terms Anglo-Catholic and Anglo-Catholicism (or sometimes possibly incorrectly High Church &mdashsee below describe people

A recent creation known as the Ecumenical Miracle Rosary uses the same beads as the Roman Catholic rosary but with different prayers and with mysteries which focus on Christ's miracles. The Ecumenical Miracle Rosary or "ecumenical rosary" is derived from the Roman Catholic Rosary and was invented by Dennis Di Mauro a Lutheran Christ is the English term for the Greek ( Khristós) meaning "the anointed "

Wearing of the Rosary

Wearing of a Rosary that one actually uses to pray is neither uncommon nor sacrilegious in various Roman Catholic-adherent cultures and was a common practice in the Medieval and Renaissance periods, particularly among religious (monks, nuns, and friars). The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective A Nun is a Woman who has taken special vows committing her to a religious life Rosaries are also worn hanging from or looped over a belt, particularly with some religious habits, pinned to and hanging from a shoulder or neckline, or wrapped around a wrist or arm as a bracelet. A religious habit is a distinctive set of garments worn by members of a Religious order. Some Christians feel that it is sacrilegious for a non-believer to wear a rosary around the neck. This is particularly true in Roman Catholic cultures that have histories of persecution, particularly among the Irish and English catholics. Because Irish Catholic tradition is often seen as normative in the United States and Canada, this has been the source of some conflict in the past. The Roman Catholic Church states: "Sacred objects, set aside for divine worship by dedication or blessing, are to be treated with reverence. They are not to be made over to secular or inappropriate use, even though they may belong to private persons"^[35]. Thus it is acceptable to wear a rosary if one is doing so to show veneration, however it is not acceptable if one is wearing the rosary irreverently, such as wearing it as a piece of jewelry. Many saints have worn their Rosary around the neck, and in the Secret of the Rosary, it is mentioned that a person put his rosary round his neck to keep devils away from him. The Secret of the Rosary is a book about the Holy Rosary written by Saint Louis de Montfort a French priest and Catholic Saint who died in 1761

Rosaries or rosary-like necklaces are often worn for non-religious purposes as a fashion or jewelry item, and are sold in different variations in popular jewelry and clothing stores. Such ornamental use, especially the wearing of a rosary around the neck, was heavily popularized by singer Madonna in the early 1980s and has experienced a come-back in recent years. Madonna Louise Ciccone Ritchie (born August 16 1958 known as Madonna, is an American Wearing a rosary around the neck can be considered disrespectful if the person wearing it does not affiliate with the Christian religion. Ornate or medieval-style rosary sets are occasionally featured in goth fashion. The goth subculture is a contemporary Subculture found in many countries

As penance or reparation

Praying the rosary may be prescribed by priests as a form of penance after confession. Penance is repentance of Sins as well as the proper name of the Catholic and Orthodox Christian Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation/Confession In Roman Catholic teaching the Sacrament of Penance (commonly called Confession, Reconciliation or Penance) is the method given by Penance in this form is not generally intended as a "punishment"; rather, it is meant to encourage reflection upon and spiritual growth from past sins.

Some forms of the Roman Catholic rosary are aimed at reparation for the sins of others. An example is the Rosary of the Holy Wounds first introduced at the beginning of the 20th century by the Venerable Sister Mary Martha Chambon, a lay Roman Catholic Sister of the Monastery of the Visitation Order in Chambery, France. The Rosary of the Holy Wounds (also called the Chaplet of Holy Wounds) is a specific form of Roman Catholic prayer said on the usual rosary beads The Venerable is used as a style or epithet in several Christian churches. Marie Martha Chambon (1841-1907 was a lay Roman Catholic Sister of the Monastery of the Visitation Order who lived in Chambery, France. Chambéry (Ciamberì or Sciamberì) is the capital of the department of Savoie, France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. ^[36] This rosary is somewhat similar in structure to the Chaplet of Divine Mercy, is said on the usual rosary beads and is intended as an Act of Reparation to Jesus Christ for the sins of the world. The Chaplet of the Divine Mercy is a Roman Catholic devotion based on the visions of Polish Nun and Canonized Roman Catholic tradition include specific prayers and devotions as Acts of Reparation for insults and blasphemies against Jesus Christ ^[37]

Power of the Rosary

The rosary has been featured in the writings of Roman Catholic figures from saints to popes and continues to be mentioned in reported Marian apparitions, with a number of promises attributed to the power of the rosary. A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and A Marian apparition is an event in which the Virgin Mary is believed to have Supernaturally appeared to one or more persons regardless of their religious faith Prayer is a central theme in the common Bible of the Abrahamic religions, where various forms of prayer appear the most common forms being petition thanksgiving

As early as the fifteenth century, legend alleged that through Saint Dominic and Blessed Alan de Rupe the Blessed Virgin Mary made fifteen specific promises to Christians who pray the rosary. A legend ( Latin, legenda, "things to be read" is a Narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to Saint Dominic (Domingo also known as Dominic of Osma, often called Dominic de Guzmán and Domingo de Guzmán Garcés (1170 &ndash August 6 Alanus de Rupe (also Alan or Alain de la Roche) was a Roman Catholic theologian born about 1428 died at Zwolle in the Netherlands ^[38] The fifteen rosary promises range from protection from misfortune to meriting a high degree of glory in heaven. Roman Catholic tradition on the Power of the rosary alleges that through Saint Dominic and Blessed Alan de Rupe the Blessed Virgin Mary ^[39] In support of this statement Patrick Cardinal Hayes of New York provided his imprimatur to this effect. Patrick Joseph Hayes, later Patrick Cardinal Hayes, ( November 20, 1867 &ndash September 4, 1938) was an American prelate the eighth New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous An Imprimatur is an official declaration from the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church that a literary or similar work is free from error in matters of Roman Catholic ^[40]

In the 18th century, the French priest Louis de Montfort elaborated on the importance of the rosary and its power in his widely read book the Secret of the Rosary. St Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, was a French Priest and Catholic Saint, born on 31 January, 1673 in the small The Secret of the Rosary is a book about the Holy Rosary written by Saint Louis de Montfort a French priest and Catholic Saint who died in 1761 ^[41] He emphasized the power of the rosary and provided specific instructions on how it should be prayed, e. Prayer is a central theme in the common Bible of the Abrahamic religions, where various forms of prayer appear the most common forms being petition thanksgiving g. with attention, devotion and modesty (reverence), with reflective pauses ^[42] between the beads and smaller pauses between phrases of the prayers. ^[43]

Rosary manufacturing and distribution

Rosaries are in rare cases made of expensive materials from gold and silver to mother of pearl and Swarovski black diamond designs. Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Nacre, also known as mother of pearl, is an organic-inorganic Composite material produced by some Mollusks as an inner shell layer Swarovski is the luxury Brand name for the range of precision-cut Lead crystal Glass and related products produced by companies owned by Yet most rosaries used in the world today for praying are made of simple plastic or wooden beads connected by cords or strings. Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products Roman Catholic missionaries in Africa have reported that rosaries made of tree bark have been used there for praying for the lack of conventional rosaries. Bark, also known as periderm is the outermost layer of stems and Roots of Woody plants such as Trees It overlays the Wood and consists It is widely reported that the demand for rosaries in third world countries far outweighs the supply.

Plastic beads are inexpensive to make, but not easy to assemble. Hence the major cost component for making simple rosaries is the assembly effort. A large number of inexpensive rosary beads are manufactured in the orient, specially in China and Taiwan, although Italy has a strong manufacturing presence in moderate cost and high end rosaries. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest

Assembled rosaries are often purchased as retail religious items. Yet literally hundreds of millions of rosaries have been made and distributed free of charge by Roman Catholic volunteers worldwide. A number of rosary making clubs exist around the world for the purpose of making and distributing rosaries to missions, hospitals, prisons, etc. free of charge. The largest such non-profit organization in the United States is Our Lady's Rosary Makers whose 17,000 members annually distribute roughly 7 million free rosaries. Our Lady's Rosary Makers is a non-profit apostolate in Louisville Kentucky dedicated to spreading devotion to the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Rosary. A good number of other volunteer-based clubs and groups exist worldwide and distribute tens of millions of free rosaries every year.

See also

• Catholic devotions
• The Angelus
• Prayer rope
• Prayer beads
• Our Lady's Rosary Makers
• Saint Louis de Montfort's Secret of the Rosary
• Methods of praying the rosary
• Legion of Mary
• Encyclical Ingruentium Malorum by Pope Pius XII
• Apostolic Letter Rosarium Virginis Mariae by Pope John Paul II
• Anglican devotions
• Western Rite Orthodoxy and prayer of the Marian Rosary
• Japa mala for Asian prayer beads
• Tasbeeh for Islamic prayer beads

References

Further Reading

• Five for Sorrow, Ten for Joy: A Consideration of the Rosary by J. St Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, was a French Priest and Catholic Saint, born on 31 January, 1673 in the small St Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, was a French Priest and Catholic Saint, born on 31 January, 1673 in the small Neville Ward (Doubleday, 1973); revised as Five for Sorrow, Ten for Joy: Meditations on the Rosary (Seabury Classics, 2005) - an ecumenical Methodist minister's book on the Rosary. ISBN 1596280123
• Rosary of Our Lady of Sorrows, Friar Servants of Mary, Chicago, Illinois, 1990.
• "Stories of the Rose: The Making of the Rosary in the Middle Ages" by Anne Winston-Allen (1997, Pennsylvania State University Press) - the most current source in English on the history and development of the Rosary in its earliest years. ISBN 0-2710-1631-0
• The Lourdes Pilgrim, by Oliver Todd, Matthew James Publishing, 2003, p. 41.
• God Alone: The Collected Writings of St. Louis Marie De Montfort, by Saint Louis de Montfort, Montfort Publications, 1995 ISBN 0910984557
• Pope Pius XII Rosary encyclical Ingruentium Malorum on the Vatican website
• Pope John Paul II Apostolic Letter Rosarium Virginis Mariaeon the Vatican website

External links

• Lewis Rosary Making Instruction"Rosary" from the Catholic Encyclopedia
• The Holy Rosary
• How to recite the Holy Rosary Printer-friendly PDF document (includes prayers, bead use, mysteries)
• Handy PDF Downloadable Rosary Pamphlets The Traditional 15 Mysteries. St Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, was a French Priest and Catholic Saint, born on 31 January, 1673 in the small
• Rosary Prayer Guide: How to Pray the Rosary
• Guide to Making a Knot Rosary
• Perpetual Web Rosary A continuing and interactive online rosary

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic