Rook in the standard Staunton pattern. The Staunton chess set is composed of a particular type of Chess pieces used to play the game of Chess.

A rook (♖ ♜, borrowed from Persian رخ rokh, Sanskrit roth, "chariot") is a piece in the strategy board game of chess. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Chess pieces vary in both value and abilities A standard chess match consists of each player having the following equipment 1 king A board game is a Game in which counters or pieces that are placed on removed from or moved across a "board" (a premarked surface usually specific to that game Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players. Each player starts with two rooks, one in each of the corners nearest their own side.

Initial placement and movement

In algebraic notation, the white rooks start on a1 and h1, while the black rooks start on a8 and h8. Algebraic chess notation is used to record and describe the moves in a game of Chess. The rook moves horizontally or vertically, forward or back, through any number of unoccupied squares, as shown in the diagram. Like other pieces, it captures by occupying the square on which an enemy piece stands. The rook also participates, along with the king, in a special move called castling. In Chess, the King (♔ ♚ is the most important piece. The object of the game is to trap the opponent's king so that it would not be able to avoid capture

Starting location of the rooks The white rook may move to any square with a white dot. The black rook may move to any square marked with a black dot or capture the white pawn. Chess pieces King Queen Rook Bishop Knight Pawn

History

Originally, the rook symbolized a chariot. Chess pieces vary in both value and abilities A standard chess match consists of each player having the following equipment 1 king In Chess, the King (♔ ♚ is the most important piece. The object of the game is to trap the opponent's king so that it would not be able to avoid capture The queen (♕♛ is the most powerful piece in the game of Chess. A bishop (♗♝ is a piece in the Board game of Chess. Each player begins the game with two bishops The knight (♘ ♞ sometimes referred to by players as a 'horse' is a piece in the Game of Chess, representing a Knight (armoured cavalry The pawn (♙♟ is the weakest and most numerous piece in the Game of Chess, representing Infantry The chariot is the earliest and simplest type of Carriage, used in both peace and war as the chief vehicle of many ancient peoples The Persian word rokh means chariot, and the corresponding pieces in Oriental chess games such as xiangqi and shogi have names meaning chariot. or Japanese chess (literally "generals' chess" ˈʃoʊɡiː in English is the most popular of a family of Chess variants native to Japan. Persian War Chariots were heavily armoured, carrying a driver and at least one ranged-weapon bearer, such as an archer. The sides of the chariot were built to resemble fortified stone work, giving the impression of small, mobile buildings, causing terror on the battlefield. However, in the West, the rook is almost universally represented as a crenellated turret. Crenellation (or crenelation, also known as castellation) is the name for the distinctive pattern that frames the tops of the walls of many medieval Castles In Architecture, a turret (from Italian: torretta, little tower Latin: turris, tower is a small Tower that One possible explanation is that when the game was imported to Italy, the Persian rokh became the Italian word rocca, meaning fortress. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Another possible explanation is that rooks represent siege towers. A siege tower (or in the Middle Ages a Belfry) is a specialized Siege engine, constructed to protect assailants and ladders while approaching Rooks are usually made to look like small castles, and as a result, a rook is sometimes called a "castle", usually by non-players and those new to the game. This usage was common in the past ("The Rook, or Castle, is next in power to the Queen" —Howard Staunton, 1847) but today it is rarely, if ever, used in the literature or among players, except in reference to castling. (1 removed from infobox|worldchampion = 1843-1851 (Unofficial (2 Mark Weeks has material and sources at http//mark_weeks Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common (Here, "castle" is a verb referring to a move, not a noun referring to a piece. )

Strategy

In general, rooks are stronger than bishops or knights and are consequently considered about two pawns greater in value. A bishop (♗♝ is a piece in the Board game of Chess. Each player begins the game with two bishops The knight (♘ ♞ sometimes referred to by players as a 'horse' is a piece in the Game of Chess, representing a Knight (armoured cavalry The pawn (♙♟ is the weakest and most numerous piece in the Game of Chess, representing Infantry Winning a rook for a bishop or knight is referred to as winning the exchange. The exchange in Chess refers to a situation in which one player loses a minor piece (i Two rooks are generally considered to be worth slightly more than a queen (see Chess piece point value). The queen (♕♛ is the most powerful piece in the game of Chess. Standard valuations The following is the most common assignment of point values. Rooks and queens are called heavy pieces or major pieces, as opposed to bishops and knights, which are called minor pieces. This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order

In the opening, the rooks are undefended by other pieces, so it is usually desirable to unite one's rooks on the first rank by castling and clearing all pieces except the king and rooks from the first rank. This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order In that position, the rooks protect each other, and can easily move to threaten the most favorable files. This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order

A common goal with a rook is to place it on the first rank of an open file, i. An open file in chess is a file with no pawns of either color on it e. one unobstructed by pawns of either player, or a half-open file, i. In Chess, a half-open file, or semi-open file is a file with no pawns of one color e. one unobstructed by friendly pawns. From this position, the rook is relatively unexposed to risk but can control every square on the file. If one file is particularly important, a player may advance one rook on it, and move the other behind, doubling the rooks.

A rook on the seventh rank (the opponent's second rank) is usually very powerful, as it threatens the opponent's unadvanced pawns and hems in the enemy king. Two rooks on the seventh rank are often enough to force victory, or at least a draw by perpetual check. In the game of Chess, perpetual check is a situation in which one player can force a draw by an unending series of checks Such a situation typically arises These rooks are sometimes colloquially referred to as "pigs on the seventh", because they often threaten to "eat" the opponent's pieces or pawns.

Rooks are most powerful towards the end of a game, where they can move unobstructed by pawns and control large numbers of squares. They are somewhat clumsy at restraining enemy pawns from advancing towards promotion, unless they can occupy the file behind the advancing pawn. By the same token, a rook best supports a friendly pawn towards promotion from behind it in the same file. When you are going to search for the rook so at that time you think it is an elephant but it not at elephant it is rook

Symbology

In heraldry, chess rooks are often used as charges. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. Unlike a real chess rook, they are conventionally shown with two outward-curving horns. This is because they would otherwise appear to be castle towers, since there is no proportion on a coat of arms. This charge is always blazoned "chess rook" so as not to be confused with the bird of that name; it is also not to be confused with the zule, a similar-looking object with two outward-curving horns at both top and bottom. The Rook ( Corvus frugilegus) is a member of the Passerine order of birds and the crow family

In Canadian heraldry, the chess rook is the brisure of the fifth daughter. In Heraldry, cadency is any systematic way of distinguishing similar coats of arms belonging to members of the same Family.

See also

• Tarrasch rule
• Rook and pawn versus rook endgame
• Lucena position
• Philidor position
• Staunton chess set
• Chess piece point value

Notes

References

• Brace, Edward R. Reasons The advance of the passed pawn lengthens the range of a rook behind and reduces the range of a rook in front Terminology In the following discussion and positions assume that the side with the pawn is white Introduction The so-called Lucena position is named after the Spaniard Luis Ramirez de Lucena, although is something of a misnomer because the position does Philidor's position rook and pawn versus rook Queen versus rook Rook and bishop versus rook See also Chess endgame The Staunton chess set is composed of a particular type of Chess pieces used to play the game of Chess. Standard valuations The following is the most common assignment of point values. (1977), An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess, Hamlyn Publishing Group, pp. 241,242, ISBN 1-55521-394-4 
• Barden, Leonard (1980), Play better CHESS with Leonard Barden, Octopus Books Limited, p. Leonard William Barden (born 20 August 1929, Croydon, London) is an English Chess Columnist 10, ISBN 0-7064-0967-1