Ron Paul
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 14th district
Incumbent
Assumed office  January 3, 1997
Preceded by	Greg Laughlin
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 22nd district
In office January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1985
Preceded by	Robert Gammage
Succeeded by	Tom DeLay
In office April 3, 1976 – January 3, 1977
Preceded by	Robert R. Casey
Succeeded by	Robert Gammage
Libertarian nominee for President of the United States
Election date November 8, 1988
Running mate	Andre Marrou
Opponent(s)	George H. W. Bush (R) Michael Dukakis (D)
Incumbent	Ronald Reagan (R)
Preceded by	David Bergland
Succeeded by	Andre Marrou
Born	August 20, 1935 (1935-08-20) (age 72) Green Tree, Pennsylvania, United States
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Carolyn "Carol" Paul
Children	Ronald "Ronnie" Paul, Jr. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Gregory H "Greg" Laughlin (born January 21, 1942) is a Politician from the state of Texas. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. Texas District 22 of the United States House of Representatives is the Congressional district that covers a south-central portion of the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Robert Alton "Bob" Gammage (born March 13, 1938) is a Politician from the U Thomas Dale DeLay (born April 8 1947 is a former member of the United States House of Representatives from Sugar Land, Texas. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Robert Randolph "Bob" Casey ( July 27, 1915 - April 17, 1986) is a former member of the United States House of Representatives Robert Alton "Bob" Gammage (born March 13, 1938) is a Politician from the U The Libertarian Party is a United States political party founded on December 11 1971 -->The United States presidential election of 1988 featured an open primary for both major parties Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Andre Verne Marrou (born December 4 1938) is an American political figure affiliated with the Libertarian Party. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 Michael Stanley Dukakis (born November 3, 1933) is an American Democratic politician former Governor of Massachusetts, and was the Democratic The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. David P Bergland received the United States Libertarian Party 's nomination for the 1984 presidential election. Andre Verne Marrou (born December 4 1938) is an American political figure affiliated with the Libertarian Party. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Green Tree is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States and a suburb of Pittsburgh. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Lori Paul Pyeatt Randall "Rand" Paul Robert Paul Joy Paul-LeBlanc
Alma mater	Gettysburg College Duke University School of Medicine
Profession	Physician, politician
Religion	Baptist[1]
Website	RonPaul2008.com

Ronald Ernest Paul (born August 20, 1935) is a Republican United States Congressman from Lake Jackson, Texas, a physician, a bestselling author, and a 2008 U.S. presidential candidate. Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Gettysburg College is a private national four-year liberal arts college founded in 1832 in Gettysburg Pennsylvania, adjacent to the famous battlefield The Duke University School of Medicine is part of the Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Lake Jackson is a city in Brazoria County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area.

Originally from the Pittsburgh suburb of Green Tree, Pennsylvania, he studied at Duke University School of Medicine; after his 1961 graduation and a residency in obstetrics and gynecology, he became a U. Green Tree is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States and a suburb of Pittsburgh. The Duke University School of Medicine is part of the Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. Obstetrics (from the Latin obstare, "to stand by" is the surgical speciality dealing with the care of a woman and her offspring during Pregnancy Gynaecology or gynecology (see spelling differences) refers to the surgical specialty dealing with health of the female reproductive system ( Uterus S. Air Force flight surgeon, serving outside the Vietnam War zone. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia He later represented Texas districts in the U.S. House of Representatives (1976–1977, 1979–1985, and 1997–present). The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. He entered the 1988 presidential election, running as the Libertarian nominee while remaining a registered Republican, and placed a distant third. -->The United States presidential election of 1988 featured an open primary for both major parties The Libertarian Party is a United States political party founded on December 11 1971

Paul has been described as conservative, Constitutionalist, and libertarian. Conservatism in the United States includes a variety of political ideologies including Fiscal conservatism, Supply-side economics, Social conservatism For the revolt in Brazil, see Constitutionalist Revolution. The term Constitutionalism is a word with a variety of meanings ^[2] He advocates a foreign policy of nonintervention, having voted against actions such as the Iraq War Resolution, but in favor of force against terrorists in Afghanistan. Foreign Policy is a bimonthly American Magazine founded in 1970 by Samuel P The diplomatic policy whereby a nation seeks to avoid alliances with other nations in order to avoid being drawn into wars not related to direct territorial self-defense has had a long history " Iraq Resolution " and " Iraq War Resolution " are popular names for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists ( one of two resolutions commonly known as "AUMF" (the other being " Authorization for Use of Military Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, He favors withdrawal from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the United Nations, citing the dangers of foreign entanglements to national sovereignty. The North Atlantic Treaty The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Having pledged never to raise taxes, he has long advocated ending the federal income tax, scaling back government spending, abolishing most federal agencies, and removing military bases and troops from foreign soil; he favors hard money and opposes the Federal Reserve. The Hard money policies are those which are opposed to Fiat currency and thus in support of a Specie standard usually gold or silver. He also opposes the Patriot Act, the federal War on Drugs, No Child Left Behind, and gun control. The USA PATRIOT Act, commonly known as the Patriot Act, is a controversial Act of Congress that U The War on Drugs is a prohibition campaign undertaken by the United States government with the assistance of participating countries intended to reduce the Illegal The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (Public Law 107-110 often abbreviated in print as NCLB and sometimes shortened in pronunciation to "nickelbee" is a controversial Paul is strongly pro-life, and has introduced bills to negate Roe v. Wade, but affirms states' rights to regulate or ban abortion, rather than federal jurisdiction. Overview See also Ethical aspects of abortion Pro-life individuals generally believe that human life should be valued either from conception or Implantation Roe v Wade, 410 US 113 (1973 is a controversial United States Supreme Court case that resulted in a Landmark decision regarding ^[3]

While Paul was a leading 2008 presidential candidate in some Republican straw polls, he saw substantially less support in landline opinion polls and in the actual primaries. Ron Paul was a Republican Party primary candidate in the 2008 United States presidential election. A straw poll or straw vote is a vote with nonbinding results Straw polls provide important interactive dialogue among movements within large groups reflecting trends like organization An opinion poll is a survey of Public opinion from a particular sample. Strong internet grassroots support was indicated by his popularity as a web search term, his lead in YouTube subscriptions, and, on December 16th 2007, the largest one-day fundraiser in U. For other meanings see Grass roots (disambiguation. A grassroots movement (often referenced in the context of a Political movement YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload view and share Video clips YouTube was created in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees S. political history, netting over $6 million in 24 hours through an independently organized effort. His book about his ongoing presidential run, The Revolution: A Manifesto, became a bestseller immediately upon release^{[4][5][6][7][8]} and went on to be #1 on the New York Times nonfiction best sellers list. The Revolution A Manifesto is a New York Times #1 Best seller by Republican U ^[9]

Early life and education

Paul was born in Green Tree, Pennsylvania, to Margaret "Peggy" Paul (née Dumont)^[10] and Howard Caspar Paul, the second son of a German immigrant. Green Tree is a borough in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, United States and a suburb of Pittsburgh. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term ^[11] With an eighth-grade education, Howard co-owned Green Tree Dairy with his brothers Lewis and Arthur; the small-town truck farm stood just outside Pittsburgh. Paul was the third of five sons born during seven years in the Great Depression, and he shared one bedroom of their four-room house with his brothers William (the oldest), David, Jerrold, and Wayne. Paul began working at Harold's dairy at age five,^[12] and later delivered newspapers, worked in a drugstore, and became a milkman upon reaching driving age. ^[13] One customer on his milk route was baseball legend Honus Wagner. Johannes Peter "Honus" Wagner (ˈhɑnəs ˈwæɡnɚ February 24 1874 &ndash December 6 1955) nicknamed " The Flying Dutchman ^[2]

Excelling in track and field, he graduated from Dormont High School in 1953 with honors. Keystone Oaks High School, built in 1969 is a public High school in the South Hills suburbs of Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. He had a best mark in the 100-yard dash of 9. 7 seconds^[14] (the record was then 9. 4 seconds);^[15] as a junior, he was the 220-yard dash state champion^[16] and placed second in the 440-yard run. ^[13] He also was on the wrestling team, played football and baseball, and was student council president. ^[13][2] After surgery on a knee injury, he took up swimming as a form of therapy.

A major university offered Paul a full track scholarship, chancing he could regain his prior speed; he declined it, unwilling to involve the university in the risk himself. ^[17] Rather, he paid for his first year at Gettysburg College with saved newspaper-delivery, lemonade-sale, and lawn-mowing money; he later received a small academic scholarship. Gettysburg College is a private national four-year liberal arts college founded in 1832 in Gettysburg Pennsylvania, adjacent to the famous battlefield ^[13] He delivered mail and laundry in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania; managed the college coffee shop (the Bullet Hole) for one year; and joined the swim team. Gettysburg is a borough 38 miles (68 km south by southwest of Harrisburg in Adams County, Pennsylvania, USA, of which it is the Inducted into the Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity,^[18] he served as pledge class president, house manager, and kitchen steward, planning and supervising cooks for all meals. Lambda Chi Alpha ( ΛΧΑ) headquartered in Indianapolis Indiana, is a member of the North-American Interfraternity Conference (NIC and one of the largest ^[13][19] By his senior year, he was running track again; he set the then-third-best marks in college history in the 100-yard dash (9. 9 seconds) and 220-yard dash (21. 8 seconds). ^[20] He received his bachelor's in 1957, majoring in biology. ^[16]

Marriage and family

Rand Paul speaking at a Ron Paul rally.

While at Dormont, schoolmate Carol Wells had asked Paul to escort her to a sweet-16 Sadie Hawkins party, which was their first date. A sweet sixteen Party is a type of Birthday party in the United States, usually celebrated for a Girl on her sixteenth Birthday In the United States, the Sadie Hawkins Dance is usually a dance or less formal dance sponsored by a High school, Middle school or College In 1956, Paul proposed marriage to Wells; the couple were wed on February 1st, 1957, at Dormont Presbyterian Church. The Presbyterian Church in the United States of America or PCUSA was an American Presbyterian denomination ^[13][21]

They have five children, who were baptized Episcopalian:^[2] Ronnie, Lori, Rand, Robert, and Joy. Infant baptism is the Christian religious practice of baptizing infants or young children The Episcopal Church is the official name of the Province of the Anglican Communion in the United States. There are eighteen grandchildren. ^[22] His daughter Joy is an ob/gyn like her father. As per the discussion in the Talk page there has been no consensus as to using the American (gynecology or British (gynaecology spelling for this article BUT Paul supported his children during their undergraduate and medical school years, preventing their participation in federal student loans because the program was taxpayer-subsidized. In Economics, a subsidy (also known as a subvention is a form of financial assistance paid to a business or economic sector He has rejected a Congressional pension for the same reason. Congressional pension is a Pension made available to members of the United States Congress. ^[23][24]

He spends as little time in Washington as possible,^[25] usually going home to Lake Jackson on weekends to avoid "Potomac fever". Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Lake Jackson is a city in Brazoria County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area. ^[26][27]

Military service and medical career

Paul considered becoming a Lutheran minister like two of his brothers. Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther ^[14] Instead he decided to pursue a medical degree at Duke University School of Medicine in Durham, North Carolina, attaining it in 1961. The Duke University School of Medicine is part of the Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. Durham is a city in the US state of North Carolina. It is the County seat of Durham County He interned and began residency training, both in internal medicine, at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit (1961–1962);^[28]

The medical training was soon interrupted when he received a draft notice and entered the U. Residency is a stage of graduate medical training. A resident physician or resident is a person who has received a Medical degree ( MD Internal medicine is the medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis management and nonsurgical treatment of unusual or serious diseases Henry Ford Hospital is a part of the Henry Ford Health System located in Detroit Michigan. The Draft redirects here For other uses see Draft. Conscription in the United States has been employed several times usually during S. Air Force during the Cuban Missile Crisis. The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the United States, the Soviet Union, and Cuba during the Cold War. ^[29] He remained in the military during the early years of the Vietnam War. ^[30] He served active duty as a flight surgeon from 1963 to 1965, attending to the ear, nose, and throat problems of pilots in South Korea, Iran, Ethiopia, and Turkey, but was never sent to Vietnam. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Based out of Kelly Air Force Base in San Antonio, Paul achieved the rank of captain^[2][31] and obtained his private pilot's license. Kelly Field Annex (Formerly Kelly Air Force Base is a United States Air Force facility located in San Antonio Texas. See " Captain " for other versions of this rank In the uniformed services of the United States, captain is a federal ^[19] The experience of performing physicals on helicopter pilot candidates, at a time when he saw many copters being shot down, deeply affected Paul; he later considered his indirect association with Vietnam as a catalyst for his rejection of interventionist foreign policy. ^[32]

While in San Antonio, he also moonlighted three nights a week in a local church hospital's emergency room for $3 per hour, and became involved with Barry Goldwater's presidential campaign. ^[17] He then served in the Air National Guard while completing his residency (1965–1968), having switched to ob/gyn at the University of Pittsburgh. The Air National Guard ( ANG), often referred to as the Air Guard, is the air force militia organized by each of the several states and The University of Pittsburgh, commonly referred to as Pitt, is a non-sectarian coeducational independent state-related, "public" research University ^[33] His residency research into causes of pregnancy toxemia was subsequently published in the journal Obstetrics and Gynecology.

He moved to Surfside Beach, Texas, on July 31st, 1968, and eventually delivered more than 4,000 babies. Surfside Beach is a city in Brazoria County, Texas, United States that is situated on the Gulf of Mexico just west of Galveston Island ^[34] Assuming the practice of a retiring doctor in Lake Jackson, Texas, in a single day, Paul became the only ob/gyn doctor in Brazoria County,^[19] reportedly delivering 40–50 babies a month and frequently busy with surgery. Brazoria County is a County in the US state of Texas located on the Gulf Coast within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown metropolitan ^[25] His practice refused Medicare and Medicaid payments; he worked pro bono, arranged discounted or custom-payment plans for needy patients,^[24] or otherwise "just took care of them". This article refers to Medicare, a United States health insurance program Medicaid is the United States health program for eligible individuals and families with low incomes and resources Pro bono publico (usually shortened to pro bono) is a Phrase derived from Latin meaning "for the public good ^[35]

Early Congressional career

During his early days, Paul was influenced by Friedrich Hayek’s Road to Serfdom, which led him to read many works of Ayn Rand and Ludwig von Mises while still a medical resident in the 1960s. Friedrich August von Hayek CH ( May 8, 1899 March 23, 1992) was an Austrian British Economist The Road to Serfdom is a book written by Friedrich Hayek (recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1974 which has significantly Ayn Rand (ˈaɪn ˈrænd &ndash March 6 1982 born Alisa Zinov'yevna Rosenbaum (Алиса Зиновьевна Розенбаум was a Russian born American Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises (ˈluːtvɪç fɔn ˈmiːzəs ( September 29, 1881 – October 10, 1973) was an Austrian He came to know economists Hans Sennholz and Murray Rothbard well, and credits to them his interest in the study of economics. Hans F Sennholz ( February 3 1922 – June 23 2007) (born in Brambauer, Germany) was an economist from the Austrian Murray Newton Rothbard (March 2 1926 – January 7 1995 was an American economist of the Austrian School who helped define modern Libertarianism He clearly remembers August 15, 1971, when President Richard Nixon closed the "gold window" by implementing the U.S. dollar's complete departure from the gold standard, as the day he realized what the Austrian school economists wrote was coming true. Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The gold standard is a monetary system in which a region's common media of exchange are paper notes that are normally freely convertible into pre-set fixed quantities of Gold The Austrian School, also known as the “ Vienna School ” or the “ Psychological School ” is a heterodox school of economics that advocates ^[32] That same day, the young physician decided to enter politics, saying later, "After that day, all money would be political money rather than money of real value. I was astounded. "^[25]

First campaigns

Inspired by the monetary crisis he saw predicted by the Austrian school, Vietnam War funding, rampant inflation, and wholesale welfare,^[19] Paul became a delegate to the Texas Republican convention and a Republican candidate for Congress. In economics inflation or price inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time This article refers specifically to the Welfare state of the United Kingdom. In Politics, a political convention is a meeting of a Political party, typically to select party candidates Incumbent Robert R. Casey defeated him in the 22nd district; Democrats won 1974 heavily. Robert Randolph "Bob" Casey ( July 27, 1915 - April 17, 1986) is a former member of the United States House of Representatives Texas District 22 of the United States House of Representatives is the Congressional district that covers a south-central portion of the Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown When President Gerald Ford appointed Casey to head the Federal Maritime Commission, Paul won a 1976 special election to fill the empty seat. Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President The Federal Maritime Commission (FMC is an independent federal agency based in Washington D A by-election or bye-election (called special election in the United States) is an Election held to fill a political office that has become vacant Paul lost some months later in the general election, to Democrat Robert Gammage, by fewer than 300 votes (0. A general election is an Election in which all or most members of a given political body are up for election Robert Alton "Bob" Gammage (born March 13, 1938) is a Politician from the U 2%), but defeated Gammage in a 1978 rematch and won new terms in 1980 and 1982.

Paul was the first Republican representative from the area; he also led the Texas Reagan delegation at the national Republican convention. ^[36] His successful campaign against Gammage surprised local Democrats, who had expected to retain the seat easily in the wake of the Watergate scandal. The Watergate scandals were a series of Political scandals during the presidency of Richard Nixon that resulted in the Indictment of several of Nixon's Gammage underestimated Paul's support among local mothers: "I had real difficulty down in Brazoria County, where he practiced, because he'd delivered half the babies in the county. There were only two obstetricians in the county, and the other one was his partner. "^[37]

House of Representatives

Paul was the first member of Congress to propose term limits legislation in the House,^[38] where he also declined to attend junkets or register for a Congressional pension while serving four terms. See also Rotation in office A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms a person may serve in a particular elected office ^[39] His chief of staff (1978–1982) was Lew Rockwell. Llewellyn H Rockwell Jr (born 1 July 1944, Boston) widely known as Lew Rockwell, is an American Libertarian ^[40] In 1980, when a majority of Republicans favored President Jimmy Carter's proposal to reinstate the draft, Paul argued that their views were inconsistent, stating they were more interested in registering their children than they were their guns. James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 ^[38] He also proposed legislation to decrease Congressional pay by the rate of inflation; he was a regular participant in the annual Congressional baseball game;^[36] and he continued to deliver babies on Mondays and Saturdays during his entire 22nd district career. ^[25]

During his first term, Paul founded a think tank, the Foundation for Rational Economics and Education (FREE). A think tank (also called a policy institute) is an organization institute corporation or group that conducts Research and engages in advocacy in areas such The Foundation for Rational Economics and Education ( FREE) is an American Nonprofit, Nonpartisan Foundation dedicated to public education ^[41] Also in 1976, the foundation began publication of the first monthly newsletter connected with Paul, Dr. Ron Paul's Freedom Report^[42] (or Special Report). It also publishes monographs, books, radio spots, and (since 1997) a new series of the monthly newsletter, Ron Paul's Freedom Report, all of which seek to create a greater public awareness of the principles of limited government. A monograph ( Classical Greek, "One Writer" or "Single Writing") is a work of writing upon a single subject usually also by a single

On the House Banking Committee, Paul blamed the Federal Reserve for inflation,^[34] and spoke against the banking mismanagement that led to the savings and loan crisis. The United States House Committee on Financial Services (or House Banking Committee) oversees the entire financial services industry including the securities insurance banking The savings and loan crisis of the 1980s and 1990s (commonly referred to as the S&L crisis) was the failure of 747 Savings and loan associations (S&Ls in the ^[2] The U. S. Gold Commission created by Congress in 1982 was his and Jesse Helms's idea, and Paul's commission minority report was published by the Cato Institute in The Case for Gold;^[32] it is now available from the Mises Institute, to which Paul is a distinguished counselor. Jesse Alexander Helms Jr (October 18 1921 – July 4 2008 was a five-term Republican United States Senator from North Carolina who served as chairman The Cato Institute is a Libertarian Think tank headquartered in Washington D The Ludwig von Mises Institute ( LvMI) based in Auburn Alabama, is a Libertarian academic organization engaged in research and scholarship in the fields ^[43]

In 1984, Paul chose to run for the U.S. Senate instead of re-election to the House, but lost the Republican primary to Phil Gramm. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives William Philip Gramm (born July 8 1942, in Fort Benning, Georgia, USA is an American politician who served as a Democratic ^[44] He returned to full-time medical practice^[34] and was succeeded by former state representative Tom DeLay. Thomas Dale DeLay (born April 8 1947 is a former member of the United States House of Representatives from Sugar Land, Texas. ^[45] In his House farewell address, Paul said, "Special interests have replaced the concern that the Founders had for general welfare. A Farewell speech is a speech given by an individual leaving a position or place Vote trading is seen as good politics. The errand-boy mentality is ordinary, the defender of liberty is seen as bizarre. It's difficult for one who loves true liberty and utterly detests the power of the state to come to Washington for a period of time and not leave a true cynic. "^[40]

1988 presidential campaign

For more details on this topic, see United States presidential election, 1988. -->The United States presidential election of 1988 featured an open primary for both major parties

In the 1988 presidential election, Paul defeated activist Russell Means (an Oglala Lakota) to win the Libertarian Party nomination for president. Russell Charles Means ( Lakota: Oyate Wacinyapin (Works for the People born November 10 1939) is one of contemporary America 's best-known The Oglala Lakota or Oglala Sioux, (ogəˈlala meaning "to scatter one's own" in Siouan, live in the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South ^[2] Though an early supporter of President Ronald Reagan, Paul criticized the unprecedented deficits incurred under Reagan and Vice President George H. W. Bush, Paul's opponent. George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 ^[39] On the ballot in 46 states and the District of Columbia,^[46] Paul placed third in the popular vote with 432,179 votes (0. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D 5%),^[47] behind Bush and Michael Dukakis. Michael Stanley Dukakis (born November 3, 1933) is an American Democratic politician former Governor of Massachusetts, and was the Democratic ^[48] Paul was kept off the ballot in Missouri, and received votes there only when written in, due to what the St. Louis Post-Dispatch called a "technicality". Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee The St Louis Post-Dispatch is the only major city-wide Newspaper in St ^[49]

As the "Libertarian standard bearer",^[50][51] Paul gained supporters nationwide who agreed with him on many positions—gun rights, fiscal conservatism, homeschooling, and abortion—and won approval from many who thought the federal government was misdirected elsewhere. The Second Amendment (Amendment II to the United States Constitution is a part of the United States Bill of Rights that protects the pre-existing Fiscal conservatism (also known as economic conservatism is a political phrase term used in North America to describe advocacy of lower governmental spending practices and a Homeschooling (also called home education) home learning or homeschool  – is the education of children at home typically by parents or professional Overview See also Ethical aspects of abortion Pro-life individuals generally believe that human life should be valued either from conception or Implantation This nationwide support base encouraged and donated to his later campaigns. ^[25] 2008 campaign chair Kent Snyder first worked for Paul on the 1988 campaign—when U. S. Senator John McCain told him, "You're working for the most honest man in Congress. "^[17][52]

Paul said he sought more during his presidential run than reaching office—he spread his libertarian ideas, often to school and university groups regardless of vote eligibility: "We're just as interested in the future generation as this election. These kids will vote eventually, and maybe, just maybe, they'll go home and talk to their parents. "^[46] He traveled the country for a year speaking about issues such as free market economics and the rising government deficits:^[50] "That's why we talk to a lot of young people. A free market is a Market in which property rights are voluntarily exchanged at a price arranged completely by the mutual consent of sellers and buyers They're the ones who are paying these bills, they're the ones who are inheriting this debt, so it's most likely these young people who will move into this next generation in government. "^[53]

After the election, Paul continued his medical practice until he returned to Congress. ^[2][54] He also co-owned a coin dealership, Ron Paul Coins, for twelve years with Burt Blumert, who continued to operate it after Paul returned to office. Burton S Blumert (born in 1929 in New York City) is the president of the Center for Libertarian Studies in Burlingame California and the publisher of ^[55][56] He spoke multiple times at the American Numismatic Association's 1988 convention. The American Numismatic Association was founded by Dr George F ^[55] He worked with FREE on such projects as establishing the National Endowment for Liberty, producing the At Issue public policy series that aired on Discovery Channel and CNBC,^[41] and continuing publication of Dr. Discovery Channel is an American Satellite and Cable TV channel (also delivered via IPTV, Terrestrial television and CNBC (an abbreviation for the " C onsumer N ews and B usiness C hannel" its official name until 1991 is a cable and Ron Paul's Freedom Report.

In 1985 Ron Paul & Associates (RP&A), Inc. (minority-owned by Paul), also began publishing The Ron Paul Investment Letter^[57] and The Ron Paul Survival Report;^[25][58] it added the more controversial Ron Paul Political Report in 1987. ^[59] Articles were largely unbylined but often invoked Paul's name or persona. In 1992, RP&A earned $940,000 and employed Paul's family as well as Lew Rockwell (its vice-president^[60] and sometime editor)^[61] and seven other workers. Llewellyn H Rockwell Jr (born 1 July 1944, Boston) widely known as Lew Rockwell, is an American Libertarian An American Libertarian editor publicly named Rockwell as a ghostwriter for Paul in 1988, conveying a "common belief" suggested by Murray Rothbard and current among other libertarians;^[60] Rockwell later acknowledged involvement in writing subscription letters, but attributed the newsletters to "seven or eight freelancers". A ghostwriter is a professional Writer who is paid to write books articles stories reports or other content which are officially credited to another person Murray Newton Rothbard (March 2 1926 – January 7 1995 was an American economist of the Austrian School who helped define modern Libertarianism ^[62]

Later Congressional career

Paul's Congressional portrait.

Campaigns

For more details on this topic, see Texas's 14th Congressional district.

1996 campaign

In 1996, Paul was re-elected to Congress after a tougher battle than he had faced in the 1970s. Since the Republicans had taken over both houses of Congress in the 1994 election, Paul entered the race hopeful that his Constitutionalist goals of tax cuts, closing agencies, and curbing the UN would have more influence,^[63] but he quickly concluded "there was no sincere effort" toward his goals. The US House election 1994 was an election for the United States House of Representatives on November 8 1994, in the middle of President For the revolt in Brazil, see Constitutionalist Revolution. The term Constitutionalism is a word with a variety of meanings ^[19] The Republican National Committee focused instead on encouraging Democrats to switch parties, as Paul's primary opponent, incumbent Greg Laughlin, had done in 1995. The Republican National Committee (RNC provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States. Gregory H "Greg" Laughlin (born January 21, 1942) is a Politician from the state of Texas. The party threw its full weight behind Laughlin, including support from House Speaker Newt Gingrich, Governor George W. Newton "Newt" Leroy Gingrich, (born Newton Leroy McPherson on June 17, 1943) is an American politician and author who served as the Speaker Bush, and the National Rifle Association. The National Rifle Association, or NRA, is a non-profit ( 501(c(4) group dedicated to the protection of the Second Amendment of the Paul responded by running newspaper ads quoting Gingrich's harsh criticisms of Laughlin's Democratic voting record 14 months earlier. ^[39] Paul won the primary with support from baseball pitcher, constituent, and friend Nolan Ryan (as honorary campaign chair and ad spokesman) and tax activist Steve Forbes. Lynn Nolan Ryan Jr (born January 31, 1947 in Refugio, Texas) is a retired American Right-handed Pitcher in Malcolm Stevenson " Steve " Forbes Jr (born July 18, 1947) is the son of Malcolm Forbes and the editor-in-chief of business ^[2][25]

Paul's Democratic opponent in the fall election, trial lawyer Charles "Lefty" Morris, received assistance from the AFL-CIO, but Paul's large contributor base outraised Morris two-to-one, giving the third-highest amount of individual contributions received by any House member (behind Gingrich and Bob Dornan). A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, commonly AFL-CIO, is a National trade union center, the largest federation of Robert Kenneth "Bob" Dornan (born April 3, 1933) is a Republican and former member of the United States House of Representatives from ^[64]

While Paul was able to paint Morris as a tool of trial lawyers and big labor, Morris ran numerous ads about Paul's advocacy of federal drug law repeal, and about the views Paul published in his newsletters,^[25] some of which had contained derogatory comments concerning race and other politicians, making them a public issue for the first time. ^[65][66] After the Los Angeles riots of 1992, the Political Report proposed "that 95% of the black males in Washington DC are semi-criminal or entirely criminal", and stated that "the criminals who terrorize our cities . The Los Angeles riots of 1992, also known as the Rodney King uprising or the Rodney King riots, were sparked on April 29, 1992 when a jury . . largely are" young black males, who commit crimes "all out of proportion to their numbers". ^[67] Paul's campaign replied at the time that voters might not understand the "tongue-in-cheek, academic" quotes out of context, and rejected Morris's demand to release back issues. Paul said he was alluding to a contemporary scientific study finding that "of black men in Washington . . . about 85 percent are arrested at some point in their lives". ^[68][69] Paul went on to win the election in a close margin. It became the third time Paul had been elected to Congress as a non-incumbent. ^[2]

Later campaigns

In 1998 and again in 2000, Paul defeated Loy Sneary, a Democratic Bay City rice farmer and former Matagorda County judge,^[25] by running ads warning voters to be "leery of" Sneary. Bay City is a City in Matagorda County, Texas, United States. Matagorda County is a County located in the US state of Texas. ^[26] Paul accused Sneary of voting to raise his pay by 5%, increasing his travel allotment by 400% in one year, and using increased taxes to start a new government bureaucracy to handle a license plate fee he enacted. A vehicle registration plate is a metal or plastic plate attached to a Motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes Sneary's aides said he had voted to raise all county employees' pay by 5% in a cost-of-living increase. Cost of living is the Cost of maintaining a certain Standard of living. Paul countered that he had never voted to raise Congressional pay. ^[63][70] In both campaigns, the national Democratic Party and major unions had continued targeting Paul with heavy spending. ^[25]

In 2001, Paul took "moral responsibility" for the comments printed in the "Ron Paul" newsletters, telling Texas Monthly magazine that they were written by unnamed contributors and did not represent his views. Texas Monthly is a monthly American Magazine published in Austin, Texas. ^[71] He said newsletter remarks referring to U.S. Representative Barbara Jordan (which called her a "fraud" and a "half-educated victimologist" whose "race and sex protect her from criticism") were "the saddest thing, because Barbara and I served together and actually she was a delightful lady. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Barbara Charline Jordan ( February 21, 1936 – January 17, 1996) was an American politician from Texas " The magazine defended Paul's decision to protect the writer's confidence in 1996, concluding, "In four terms as a U. S. congressman and one presidential race, Paul had never uttered anything remotely like this. "^[25] RP&A, the chief publisher, was dissolved the same year. ^[60]

An online grassroots petition to draft Paul for the 2004 presidential election garnered several thousand signatures. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. ^[72] On December 11th 2001, he told the independent movement that he was encouraged by the fact that the petition had spread the message of Constitutionalism, but did not expect a White House win at that time. ^[73] Further prompting in early 2007 led him to enter the 2008 race. The United States presidential election of 2008, scheduled for Tuesday November 4 2008 will be the 56th consecutive

Unlike many political candidates, Paul receives the overwhelming majority of his campaign contributions from individuals^[74] (97% in the 2006 cycle), and receives much less from political action committees (PAC's) than others, ranging from 2% (2002) to 6% (1998). In the US, a Political Action Committee, or PAC, is the name commonly given to a private group regardless of size organized to elect political candidates ^[75] The group Clean Up Washington, analyzing from 2000 to mid-2006, listed Paul as seventh-lowest in PAC receipts of all House members; one of the lowest in lobbyist receipts; and fourth-highest in small-donor receipts. ^[76] He has the lowest PAC receipts percentage of all the 2008 Republican presidential candidates. ^[77][78]

Paul continued to be re-elected to Congress, starting his tenth term in January 2007. ^[79] In the March 4th 2008, Republican primary for his Congressional seat,^[80] he defeated Friendswood city councilman Chris Peden,^[81] obtaining 70. Friendswood is a city in Galveston and Harris Counties in the U Chris Peden is a Friendswood Texas, City Councilman and served as Mayor Pro Tem 18% of the vote. ^[82]

Relationship with district

After 2003 Texas redistricting, Paul's district is larger than Massachusetts,^[83] with 675 miles (1,086 km) of Gulf of Mexico coastline between Houston and Corpus Christi, Texas, covering some 22 counties. The 2003 Texas redistricting refers to a highly controversial congressional Redistricting plan appealed to the United States Supreme Court in League of United The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The Gulf of Mexico ( Spanish: Golfo de México) is the ninth largest Body of water in the world Corpus Christi is a coastal city in the South Texas region of the U Even so, Paul opposes programs like federally funded flood insurance (typically supported by coastal and rural representatives) because it requires those outside flood zones to subsidize those within, but prohibits those within from choosing their own insurers. The National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP was created by the Congress of the United States in 1968 through the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (P In an overwhelmingly rural region known for ranching and rice farms,^[32] Paul opposes farm subsidies because they are paid to large corporations rather than small farmers. ^[84] Despite his voting against heavily supported legislation like farm bills, Paul's devotion to reducing government resonates with 14th district voters:^[25] in a survey, 54% of his constituency agreed with his goal of eliminating the U.S. Department of Education. The US farm bill is the primary agricultural and food policy tool of the Federal government of the United States. The United States Department of Education (also referred to as ED, for Education Department is a Cabinet -level department of the United States ^[85]

Paul has shifted hundreds of millions of dollars into his home district by conveying constituents' earmark requests to committee, such as for Texas shrimp promotion, but he routinely votes against most spending bills returned by committee. ^[47][86] Earmarks permit members of Congress, rather than executive branch civil servants, to designate spending priorities^[87] for previously authorized funds directed otherwise. See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis ^[86] Paul compared his practice to objecting to the tax system yet taking all one's tax credits: "I want to get their money back for the people. "^[88] In The Revolution: A Manifesto, Paul states his views on earmarks this way: "The real problem, and one that was unfortunately not addressed in the 2007's earmark dispute, is the size of the federal government and the amount of money we are spending in these appropriations bills. The Revolution A Manifesto is a New York Times #1 Best seller by Republican U Cutting even a million dollars from an appropriations bill that spends hundreds of billions will make no appreciable difference in the size of government, which is doubtless why politicians and the media are so eager to have us waste our time on [earmarks]. "^[89]

Paul also spends extra time in the district to compensate for "violat[ing] almost every rule of political survival you can think of". ^[25] He often logs over 300 miles (480 km) daily,^[25] and is famous for attending civic ceremonies for veterans, graduates, and Boy Scouts, often accompanied by his grandchildren. The Boy Scouts of America ( BSA) is the largest youth organization in the United States with over five million His staff helps senior citizens obtain free or low-cost prescription drugs through a little-known drug company program; procures lost or unreceived medals for war veterans, holding dozens of medal ceremonies annually; is known for its effectiveness in tracking down Social Security checks; and sends out birthday and condolence cards. Social Security, in the United States currently refers to the federal Old-Age Survivors and Disability Insurance ( OASDI) program ^[25][86]

In 2001, he was one of only eight doctors in the House; even fewer had continued to practice while in office. He is occasionally approached by younger area residents to thank him for attending their births. ^[25]

Legislation

Main article: Legislation sponsored by Ron Paul

Paul authors many more bills than the average representative, such as those that impose term limits, or abolish the income tax^[90] or the Federal Reserve; many do not escape committee review. See also Rotation in office A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms a person may serve in a particular elected office The He has written successful legislation to prevent eminent domain seizure of a church in New York, and a bill transferring ownership of the Lake Texana dam project from the federal government to Texas. Eminent domain ( United States) compulsory purchase ( United Kingdom, New Zealand, Ireland) resumption/compulsory acquisition Lake Texana is a Reservoir on the Navidad River, 8 miles (13 km east of Edna, in Jackson County, Texas. By successfully amending other legislation, he has also barred funding for national identification numbers, funding for federal teacher certification,^[25] International Criminal Court jurisdiction over the U.S. military, American participation in any U. A national identification number is used by the Governments of many countries as a means of tracking their Citizens Permanent residents and temporary residents The International Criminal Court ( ICC or ICCt) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for Genocide, crimes against The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States N. global tax, and surveillance on peaceful First Amendment activities by citizens. A Tobin tax is the suggested Tax on all Trade of Currency across borders ^[91]

In March 2001, Paul introduced a bill to repeal the 1973 War Powers Resolution (WPR) and reinstate the process of formal declaration of war by Congress. The War Powers Act of 1973 ( also referred to as the War Powers Resolution is a resolution of the Congress of The United States of America that stated that the President of ^[92] Later in 2001, Paul voted to authorize the president, pursuant to WPR, to respond to those responsible for the September 11, 2001, attacks. The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists ( one of two resolutions commonly known as "AUMF" (the other being " Authorization for Use of Military ^[93] He also introduced Sunlight Rule legislation, which requires lawmakers to take enough time to read bills before voting on them,^[94] after the massive Patriot Act was passed within 24 hours of its introduction. The USA PATRIOT Act, commonly known as the Patriot Act, is a controversial Act of Congress that U As one of six Republicans to vote against the Iraq War Resolution, Paul (with Oregon representative Peter DeFazio) also sponsored a resolution to repeal the war authorization in February 2003. " Iraq Resolution " and " Iraq War Resolution " are popular names for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Peter Anthony DeFazio (born May 27, 1947) is an American Politician. Paul's speech, 35 "Questions That Won't Be Asked About Iraq",^[95] was translated and published in German, French, Russian, Italian, and Swiss periodicals before the Iraq War began. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign ^[86]

Paul says his fellow members of Congress have increased government spending by 75% during George W. Bush's administration. ^[96] After a 2005 bill was touted as "slashing" government waste, Paul wrote that it decreased spending by a fraction of one percent and that "Congress couldn't slash spending if the members' lives depended on it. "^[97] He said that in three years he had voted against more than 700 bills intended to expand government. ^[98]

Paul has introduced several bills to apply tax credits toward education, including credits for parental spending on public, private, or homeschool students (Family Education Freedom Act); for salaries for all K–12 teachers, librarians, counselors, and other school personnel; and for donations to scholarships or to benefit academics (Education Improvement Tax Cut Act). Public education is education mandated for or offered to the children of the general public by the Government, whether national regional or local provided by an institution For the film of this title see Private School (film. Private schools, or Independent schools are Schools not administered Homeschooling (also called home education) home learning or homeschool  – is the education of children at home typically by parents or professional The Family Education Freedom Act is a bill initially introduced in the United States House of Representatives by Representative Ron Paul ( R - TX K–12 (pronounced "kay through twelve" "kay to twelve" or just "kay twelve" a designation for the sum of primary and Secondary education The Teacher Tax Cut Act is a bill initially introduced in the United States House of Representatives by Representative Ron Paul ( R - TX) in 1999 ^[99] In accord with his political positions, he has also introduced the Sanctity of Life Act, the We the People Act, and the American Freedom Agenda Act. The Sanctity of Life Act is a bill initially introduced in the United States House of Representatives by Representative Ron Paul ( R - TX) with The We the People Act is a bill in the United States House of Representatives relating to federal court jurisdiction over social issues The American Freedom Agenda ( AFA) is an American organization established in March 2007 which represents disaffected conservatives who are demanding the ^[100]

Affiliations

Paul serves on the House Foreign Affairs Committee (having been on the Western Hemisphere and the Asia and Pacific subcommittees); the Joint Economic Committee; and the Committee on Financial Services (as Ranking Member of the Domestic and International Monetary Policy, Trade and Technology subcommittee, and Vice-Chair of the Oversight and Investigations subcommittee). The US House Committee on Foreign Affairs, also known as the House Foreign Affairs Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives The Joint Economic Committee (JEC is one of four standing Joint committees of the U The United States House Committee on Financial Services (or House Banking Committee) oversees the entire financial services industry including the securities insurance banking ^[101]

Paul was honorary chair of, and is a current member of, the Republican Liberty Caucus, a political action committee which describes its goal as electing "liberty-minded, limited-government individuals". The Republican Liberty Caucus is a political action organization dedicated to promoting the ideals of individual rights limited government and free enterprise within the Republican ^[102] Paul also hosts a luncheon every Thursday as chair of the Liberty Caucus, composed of 20 members of Congress. The Liberty Caucus is a group of Republican members of the United States House of Representatives. ^[2] He is a founding member of the Congressional Rural Caucus, which deals with agricultural and rural issues, and the 140-member Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus. This is the list of every Congressional Member Organizations (caucuses of the United States Congress listed by the U The Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus (CWRC is a large bi-partisan Congressional Member Organization in the U ^[103] He remains on good terms with the Libertarian Party and addressed its 2004 convention. The Libertarian National Convention is held every two years by the United States Libertarian Party to choose members of the Libertarian National Committee and to conduct other ^[104] He also was endorsed by the Constitution Party's 2004 presidential candidate, Michael Peroutka. The Constitution Party is a Conservative United States political party. ^[105]

Paul was on a bipartisan coalition of 17 members of Congress that sued President Bill Clinton in 1999 over his conduct of the Kosovo war. In a Two-party system (such as in the United States) bipartisan refers to any bill, act, resolution, or any other action of a William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 They accused Clinton of failing to inform Congress of the action's status within 48 hours as required by the War Powers Resolution, and of failing to obtain Congressional declaration of war. The War Powers Act of 1973 ( also referred to as the War Powers Resolution is a resolution of the Congress of The United States of America that stated that the President of Congress had voted 427–2 against a declaration of war with Yugoslavia, and had voted to deny support for the air campaign in Kosovo. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian A federal judge dismissed the lawsuit, ruling that since Congress had voted for funding after Clinton had actively engaged troops in the war with Kosovo, legislators had sent a confusing message about whether they approved of the war. Paul said that the judge's decision attempted to circumvent the Constitution and to authorize the president to conduct a war without approval from Congress. ^[106]

2008 presidential campaign

Main article: Ron Paul presidential campaign, 2008

Ron Paul at the Free State Project's Liberty Forum. Ron Paul was a Republican Party primary candidate in the 2008 United States presidential election. The Free State Project (FSP is a plan to have 20000 individuals move to a single state in the United States, with the intent of influencing local

Ron Paul being interviewed the day of the New Hampshire primary in Manchester. The New Hampshire primary is the first in a series of nationwide Political party Primary elections held in the United States every four years as part of Manchester is the largest city in the US state of New Hampshire and the largest city of northern New England, an area composed of Vermont,

Paul formally declared his candidacy for the 2008 Republican nomination on March 12th, 2007, on C-SPAN. C-SPAN (officially the Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network) is an American Cable television network dedicated to airing non-stop coverage ^[29][107] His campaign has grassroots support, as do others. For other meanings see Grass roots (disambiguation. A grassroots movement (often referenced in the context of a Political movement He had dozens of wins in GOP straw polls. He is popular in web searches^[108] and YouTube subscriptions,^[109] and "surprisingly strong" fundraising^[110] with several record-breaking events. YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload view and share Video clips YouTube was created in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees Military contributions surpassed Republican candidates,^[111][112] and donations came from individuals,^[113] aided significantly by a concerted online presence and supporters' use of viral marketing. Viral marketing and viral advertising refer to Marketing techniques that use pre-existing Social networks to produce increases in Brand awareness ^[114] Supporter-organized moneybomb fundraisers which overall netted millions over several months. Moneybomb ( money bomb, money-bomb, fundraising bomb) is a Neologism coined in 2007 to describe a Grassroots fundraising Paul raised more than any other Republican candidate in fourth-quarter 2007. ^[115] Paul's name was a number-one web search term as ranked by Technorati, beginning around May 2007. Technorati is an Internet Search engine for searching Blogs competing with Google and Yahoo. ^[116] He has led other candidates in YouTube subscriptions since May 20, 2007. ^[117]

Some race-based "Ron Paul" newsletter passages had been re-aired in 2007 by the New York Sun^[118] and the New York Times Magazine. The New York Sun was a contemporary five-day Daily newspaper published in New York City from 2002 until 2008 The New York Times Magazine is a supplement to the Sunday The New York Times newspaper ^[2] However, on January 8th, 2008, the New Republic released many previously unpublicized quotations attributed to Paul,^[119] charging him with "an obsession with conspiracies, sympathy for the right-wing militia movement, and deeply held bigotry. " One issue (previously quoted by Charles Morris) was said to refer to the 1992 Los Angeles rioters as "barbarians" and to suggest that rioting only stopped when it came time for "blacks to pick up their welfare checks"; others reportedly gave tactical militia advice and advanced conspiracy theories. The Los Angeles riots of 1992, also known as the Rodney King uprising or the Rodney King riots, were sparked on April 29, 1992 when a jury A conspiracy theory attributes the ultimate cause of an event or chain of events (usually Political, Social or Historical events or the concealment ^{[120][121][122]} In a press release, Paul repeated that the quotations came from other writers associated with Paul but, "when I was out of Congress and practicing medicine full-time," and again denounced and disavowed the "small-minded thoughts", citing his 1999 House speech praising Rosa Parks for her courage; he said the charges simply "rehashed" the decade-old Morris attack. Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4 1913 – October 24 2005 was an African American Civil rights activist whom the U ^[123] Paul was defended by a "shocked" Wolf Blitzer,^[124] and by Nelson Linder, president of the Austin NAACP chapter. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, usually abbreviated as NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential Civil rights organizations ^[125] Reason cited Paul's 1996 defense of the newsletters,^[126] but later published evidence from "a half-dozen longtime libertarian activists" that Lew Rockwell had been the chief ghostwriter. Reason is a libertarian monthly magazine from the Reason Foundation. Llewellyn H Rockwell Jr (born 1 July 1944, Boston) widely known as Lew Rockwell, is an American Libertarian A ghostwriter is a professional Writer who is paid to write books articles stories reports or other content which are officially credited to another person ^[60]

Though projections of 2008 Republican delegate counts have varied widely, Paul's count has consistently been third among the three candidates remaining after Super Tuesday. A delegate is a member of a group representing an organization (e In the United States Super Tuesday, in general refers to the Tuesday in February or March of a presidential election year when the greatest number of states hold According to CNN^[127] and the New York Times,^[128] through Super Tuesday, Paul had received 5 delegates in North Dakota, and was projected to receive 2 in Iowa, 4 in Nevada, and 5 in Alaska based on caucus results, totaling 16. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner However, Paul's campaign projected 42 delegates based on the same results, including delegates from Colorado, Maine, and Minnesota. ^[129]

In the January Louisiana caucus, Paul placed second behind John McCain, but uncommitted delegates outnumbered both candidates' pledged delegates, since a registration deadline had been extended to January 12th. The Louisiana Republican caucuses 2008 were held on January 22, 2008, and unofficial delegate assignment results have been made available on the homepage of the ^[130] Paul said he had the greatest number of pledged Louisiana delegates who had registered by the original January 10th deadline, and formally challenged the deadline extension and the Louisiana GOP's exclusion of voters due to an outdated list;^[131][132] he projected 3 Louisiana delegates. The Super Tuesday West Virginia caucus was won by Mike Huckabee, whose state campaign coordinators reportedly arranged to give 3 Huckabee delegates to Paul in exchange for votes from Paul's supporters. The West Virginia Republican caucuses took place on February 5, 2008, with 18 national delegates at stake Michael Dale "Mike" Huckabee (born August 24 1955 is a former Republican governor of Arkansas from 1996 to 2007 and a political Commentator ^[133] Huckabee has not confirmed this delegate pledge. ^[134]

Paul's preference votes in primaries and caucuses began at 10% in Iowa (winning Jefferson County) and 8% in New Hampshire; on Super Tuesday they ranged from 25% in Montana and 21% in North Dakota, where he won several counties outright, to 3% in several states. Jefferson County is a County located in the US state of Iowa. After sweeping four states on March 4th, McCain was widely projected to have a majority of delegates pledged to vote for him in the September party convention. The United States 2008 Republican National Convention took place at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul Minnesota, from September 1 through September Paul obliquely acknowledged McCain on March 6th: "Though victory in the political sense [is] not available, many victories have been achieved due to hard work and enthusiasm. " He continued to contest the remaining primaries,^[135] having added, "McCain has the nominal number . . . but if you're in a campaign for only gaining power, that is one thing; if you're in a campaign to influence ideas and the future of the country, it's never over. "^[136] His book about his presidential run, The Revolution: A Manifesto, became a New York Times and Amazon.com bestseller immediately upon release. The Revolution A Manifesto is a New York Times #1 Best seller by Republican U Amazoncom Inc ( is an American electronic commerce ( E-commerce) company in Seattle Washington. ^{[137][138][139][140]}

Political positions

Main article: Political positions of Ron Paul

Paul at the 2007 National Right to Life Committee Convention in Kansas City, Missouri, June 15, 2007. See also Ron Paul The political positions of Ron Paul ( R - TX) United States presidential candidate, have been labeled conservative The National Right to Life Committee is the largest Right to life / Pro-life organization in the United States with affiliates in all 50 states and over Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

Paul has been described as conservative, Constitutionalist, and libertarian. Conservatism in the United States includes a variety of political ideologies including Fiscal conservatism, Supply-side economics, Social conservatism For the revolt in Brazil, see Constitutionalist Revolution. The term Constitutionalism is a word with a variety of meanings Libertarianism is a term used by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which prioritize individual Liberty and seek to minimize or even abolish the ^[2] His nickname "Dr. No"^[25] reflects both his medical degree and his insistence that he will "never vote for legislation unless the proposed measure is expressly authorized by the Constitution. "^[34] One scoring method published in the American Journal of Political Science^[141] found Paul the most conservative of all 3,320 members of Congress from 1937 to 2002. ^[142] Paul's foreign policy of nonintervention^[143] made him the only 2008 Republican presidential candidate to have voted against the Iraq War Resolution in 2002. " Iraq Resolution " and " Iraq War Resolution " are popular names for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 He advocates withdrawal from the UN and NATO for reasons of maintaining strong national sovereignty. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The North Atlantic Treaty He supports free trade, rejecting membership in NAFTA and the World Trade Organization as "managed trade". He supports tighter border security and ending welfare benefits for illegal aliens, and opposes birthright citizenship and amnesty;^[144] he voted for the Secure Fence Act of 2006. The Secure Fence Act of 2006 ( was enacted October 26[[ 006]] in the United States. He voted for the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists in response to the September 11, 2001, attacks, but suggested war alternatives such as authorizing the president to grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal targeting specific terrorists. The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists ( one of two resolutions commonly known as "AUMF" (the other being " Authorization for Use of Military A letter of marque is an official warrant or commission from a Government authorizing the designated agent to search seize or destroy specified assets

Paul adheres deeply to Austrian school economics; he has authored six books on the subject, and displays pictures of classical liberal economists Friedrich Hayek, Murray Rothbard, and Ludwig von Mises (as well as of Grover Cleveland)^[47] on his office wall. The Austrian School, also known as the “ Vienna School ” or the “ Psychological School ” is a heterodox school of economics that advocates Classical liberalism (also known as traditional liberalism, Laissez-faire liberalism, Market liberalism or in much of the world Friedrich August von Hayek CH ( May 8, 1899 March 23, 1992) was an Austrian British Economist Murray Newton Rothbard (March 2 1926 – January 7 1995 was an American economist of the Austrian School who helped define modern Libertarianism Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises (ˈluːtvɪç fɔn ˈmiːzəs ( September 29, 1881 – October 10, 1973) was an Austrian Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. He regularly votes against almost all proposals for new government spending, initiatives, or taxes;^[26] he cast two thirds of all the lone negative votes in the House during a 1995–1997 period. ^[25] He has pledged never to raise taxes^[145] and states he has never voted to approve a deficit budget. Paul would abolish the individual income tax by scaling back the federal budget to its 2000 spending levels;^[90][146] he would also rely on excise taxes and tariffs. Excise tax, sometimes called an excise duty, is a type of Tax. For other uses of this word see Tariff (disambiguation. A tariff is a tax imposed on goods when they are moved across a political boundary He would eliminate most federal government agencies as unnecessary bureaucracies. Bureaucracy is the structure and set of regulations in place to control activity usually in large organizations and government Paul also sharply opposes inflation as a longterm erosion of the U. In economics inflation or price inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time S. dollar's purchasing power due to its lack of commodity backing. Paul "wouldn't exactly go back on the gold standard",^[147] but instead has pushed to legitimize gold and silver as legal tender and to remove the sales tax on them. Legal tender or forced tender is Payment that by Law, cannot be refused in settlement of a Debt ( Debtor cannot successfully be sued He advocates gradual elimination of the Federal Reserve System for many reasons, believing that economic volatility is decreased when the free market determines interest rates and money supply. Volatility most frequently refers to the Standard deviation of the continuously compounded returns of a Financial instrument with a specific time horizon ^[148] He favors allowing workers to opt out of Social Security to "protect the system for everyone".

Paul strongly supports Constitutional rights, such as the right to keep and bear arms, jury nullification, and habeas corpus for political detainees. The right to keep and bear arms, RKBA, or right to bear arms is the concept that people individually or collectively have a right to Weapons Today this Jury nullification means making a law void by jury decision in other words "the process whereby a jury in a criminal case effectively nullifies a law by acquitting a defendant regardless Habeas corpus (ˈheɪbiəs ˈkɔɹpəs ( Latin: command that you have the body is the name of a legal action or Writ, through which a person can seek relief Civil liberties concerns have led him to oppose the Patriot Act, federal use of torture, presidential autonomy, a national ID card, domestic surveillance, and the draft. The USA PATRIOT Act, commonly known as the Patriot Act, is a controversial Act of Congress that U In American political and legal discourse the unitary executive theory is a theory or doctrine of Constitutional interpretation that holds it The REAL ID Act of 2005 is US federal law which imposes certain security authentication and issuance procedures standards for the state driver's licenses and state ID cards Citing the Ninth and Tenth Amendments, Paul advocates states' rights to decide how to regulate social matters not directly found in the Constitution. Amendment IX (the Ninth Amendment) to the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, addresses rights of the people that are The Tenth Amendment ( Amendment X) of the United States Constitution, which is part of the Bill of Rights, was ratified on December 15, Paul calls himself "strongly pro-life",^[149] "an unshakable foe of abortion",^[150] and believes regulation or ban^[151] on medical decisions about maternal or fetal health is "best handled at the state level". ^[152][153] (He says his years as an obstetrician lead him to believe life begins at conception;^[154] his pro-life legislation, like the Sanctity of Life Act, is intended to negate Roe v. Wade for ethical reasons and to get "the federal government completely out of the business of regulating state matters. Controversy over the beginning of pregnancy usually occurs in the context of the Abortion debate The Sanctity of Life Act is a bill initially introduced in the United States House of Representatives by Representative Ron Paul ( R - TX) with Roe v Wade, 410 US 113 (1973 is a controversial United States Supreme Court case that resulted in a Landmark decision regarding ")^[155]

He opposes federal regulation of the death penalty,^[152] of education,^[156] and of marriage, and he would revise the military "don't ask, don't tell" policy to focus on disruptive sexual behavior (whether heterosexual or homosexual). "Don't ask don't tell" is the common term for the policy about homosexuality in the U ^[157][158] A free-market environmentalist, he asserts private property rights in relation to environmental protection and pollution prevention. Free-market environmentalism is a position that argues that the Free market, Property rights, and Tort law provide the best tools to preserve the health He also opposes the federal War on Drugs, desiring the states to decide whether to regulate or deregulate drugs, including medical marijuana. The War on Drugs is a prohibition campaign undertaken by the United States government with the assistance of participating countries intended to reduce the Illegal Medical cannabis refers to the use of the Cannabis plant as a physician-recommended Herbal therapy as well as synthetic THC and Cannabinoids Paul pushes to eliminate federal involvement in and management of healthcare, which he argues would allow prices to drop due to the fundamental dynamics of a free market. He is an outspoken proponent for ballot access and numerous election law reforms. Ballot access rules called nomination rules outside the US, regulate the conditions under which a candidate or Political party is either entitled to stand for election

Books authored

• (1981) Gold, Peace, and Prosperity: The Birth of a New Currency (PDF), Lake Jackson, TX: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education. Lake Jackson is a city in Brazoria County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area. The Foundation for Rational Economics and Education ( FREE) is an American Nonprofit, Nonpartisan Foundation dedicated to public education OCLC 7877384. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose Retrieved on 2007-07-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off  
• Paul, Ron; Lehrman, Lewis; U. Lewis E "Lew" Lehrman (Born August 15, 1938 in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania) actively supports the ongoing study of American history S. Gold Commission (September 1982). The Case for Gold: A Minority Report of the U.S. Gold Commission (PDF), Washington, DC: Cato Institute (2d ed. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The Cato Institute is a Libertarian Think tank headquartered in Washington D Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007). The Ludwig von Mises Institute ( LvMI) based in Auburn Alabama, is a Libertarian academic organization engaged in research and scholarship in the fields ISBN 0932790313. OCLC 8763972. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose Retrieved on 2007-07-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off  
• (1983) Abortion and Liberty. Lake Jackson, TX: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education. Lake Jackson is a city in Brazoria County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area. The Foundation for Rational Economics and Education ( FREE) is an American Nonprofit, Nonpartisan Foundation dedicated to public education ISBN 0912453028. OCLC 9682249. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• (1983) Ten Myths About Paper Money: And One Myth About Paper Gold. Lake Jackson, TX: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education. Lake Jackson is a city in Brazoria County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area. The Foundation for Rational Economics and Education ( FREE) is an American Nonprofit, Nonpartisan Foundation dedicated to public education OCLC 11765863. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• (1984) Mises and Austrian Economics: A Personal View (PDF), Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute (2d ed. Auburn is a city in Lee County, Alabama, United States. It is the largest city in eastern Alabama with a 2007 population of 54348 The Ludwig von Mises Institute ( LvMI) based in Auburn Alabama, is a Libertarian academic organization engaged in research and scholarship in the fields 2004). OCLC 19968524. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose Retrieved on 2007-07-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off  
• (1987) Freedom Under Siege: The U.S. Constitution After 200 Years (PDF), Lake Jackson, TX: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education (2d ed. Lake Jackson is a city in Brazoria County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area. The Foundation for Rational Economics and Education ( FREE) is an American Nonprofit, Nonpartisan Foundation dedicated to public education Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007). The Ludwig von Mises Institute ( LvMI) based in Auburn Alabama, is a Libertarian academic organization engaged in research and scholarship in the fields OCLC 19697005. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose Retrieved on 2007-07-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off  
• (1990) Challenge to Liberty: Coming to Grips with the Abortion Issue. Lake Jackson, TX: Ron Paul Enterprises. Lake Jackson is a city in Brazoria County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area. OCLC 46960450. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• (1991) The Ron Paul Money Book. Plantation Publishing.  
• (2000) A Republic, If You Can Keep It. Lake Jackson, TX: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education. Lake Jackson is a city in Brazoria County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area. The Foundation for Rational Economics and Education ( FREE) is an American Nonprofit, Nonpartisan Foundation dedicated to public education OCLC 45414993. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose Retrieved on 2008-03-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow.  
• (2002) The Case for Defending America. Lake Jackson, TX: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education. Lake Jackson is a city in Brazoria County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area. The Foundation for Rational Economics and Education ( FREE) is an American Nonprofit, Nonpartisan Foundation dedicated to public education OCLC 49744552. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• (2002) The Ron Paul – Liberty In Media Awards – 2001. Jersey City, NJ: Palisade Business Press. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. ISBN 1893958841.  
• (2003) The Ron Paul – Liberty In Media Awards – Vol. 2 – 2002. Jersey City, NJ: Palisade Business Press. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.  
• (2004) The Ron Paul – Liberty In Media Awards – Vol. 3 – 2003. Jersey City, NJ: Palisade Business Press. Jersey City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. ISBN 1893958248.  
• Upton, Fred, and Paul, Ron (2005). For the cofounder of Whirlpool Corporation, see Frederick and Louis Upton. Indecency in the Media: Rating and Restricting Entertainment Content: Should the House Pass H. R. 3717, the Broadcast Decency Enforcement Act?. Washington, DC: Congressional Digest Corp. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D OCLC 81150568. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• Rangel, Charles B., and Paul, Ron (2006). Charles Bernard "Charlie" Rangel (born June 11, 1930) is an American Politician. Compulsory National Service: 2006-2007 Policy Debate Topic: Should the All-Volunteer Force be Replaced by Universal, Mandatory National Service?. Bethesda, MD: Congressional Digest Corp. Bethesda is an Unincorporated area in southern Montgomery County Maryland, just Northwest of Washington D OCLC 84912971. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• (2007) A Foreign Policy of Freedom: Peace, Commerce, and Honest Friendship. Lake Jackson, TX: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education. Lake Jackson is a city in Brazoria County, Texas within the Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown Metropolitan Area. The Foundation for Rational Economics and Education ( FREE) is an American Nonprofit, Nonpartisan Foundation dedicated to public education ISBN 0912453001. OCLC 145174995. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• (2008) Pillars of Prosperity. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute. Auburn is a city in Lee County, Alabama, United States. It is the largest city in eastern Alabama with a 2007 population of 54348 The Ludwig von Mises Institute ( LvMI) based in Auburn Alabama, is a Libertarian academic organization engaged in research and scholarship in the fields  
• Paul, Ron; Haddad, Philip; Marsh, Roger (April 2008). Ron Paul Speaks. Guilford, CT: Lyons Press. Guilford is a town in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States, that borders Madison, Branford, North Branford ISBN 1599214482. OCLC 199459258. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• (2008) The Revolution: A Manifesto. The Revolution A Manifesto is a New York Times #1 Best seller by Republican U New York, NY: Grand Central Publishing. The City of New York Hachette Book Group USA (HBG is a Publishing company owned by Hachette Livre, the largest publishing company in France. ISBN 0446537519. OCLC 191881970. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  

Other contributions

• Paul, Ron; Hayashi, Terry; Pardo, Victoriano; and Fisher, Edwin (1969). "Evaluation of Renal Biopsy in Pregnancy Toxemia". Obstetrics and Gynecology 34: 235–241. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.  
• Pearl, Sandy; Beutel, Bill; Alis, Bob; Weingold, Dave; Paul, Ron; Bartsch, Ed. (1980). Born Again [Videotape]. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Instructional Resources Center. Athens-Clarke County is a unified city-county in Georgia, US, in the northeastern part of the state at the intersection of U OCLC 7407395. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
• Vieira, Jr. , Edwin (1983). Pieces of Eight, Paul, Ron (foreword), Fort Lee, NJ: Sound Dollar Committee. Fort Lee is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. ISBN 27301727. OCLC 9919612. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• Skousen, Mark; Weber, Chris; Ketcher, Michael, eds. (1987). The Closing Door, Paul, Ron (introduction), Bethel, CT: Institute for the Preservation of Wealth (2d ed. 1988). Bethel is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States, about sixty miles from New York City. ISBN 0938689037. OCLC 17209571. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• "Being Pro-Life is Necessary to Defend Liberty" (1999). International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 19 (3-4): 11. MCB University Press, Ltd. ISSN 0144-333X. An International Standard Serial Number ( ISSN) is a unique eight-digit number used to identify a print or electronic Periodical publication. OCLC 89482648. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• Minns, Michael Louis (2001). How to Survive the IRS, Paul, Ron (foreword), Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books. Fort Lee is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. ISBN 1569801703. OCLC 44860846. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• Paul, Ron; Bartlett, Roscoe; et al. Roscoe Gardner Bartlett (born June 3 1926) is a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives, representing the 6th district (2001). The United Nations & the New World Order (Videotape). Brunswick, OH: American Portrait Films, Inc. Brunswick (pronounced 'Brʌnz-wik or 'Brʌns-wik is the largest city in Medina County, Ohio, United States. ISBN 1573411329. OCLC 56793278. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
• von NotHaus, Bernard, ed. The Liberty Dollar is a Private currency embodied in minted metal pieces (referred to as rounds and gold and silver certificates (ALD and electronic currency (eLD (2003-09-01). The Liberty Dollar Solution to the Federal Reserve, Paul, Ron (Chapter 21: Abolish the Fed), Evansville, IN: American Financial Press. Evansville (ˈɛvənzˌvɪl is the third-largest city in the U ISBN 0967102529.  
• Fortman, Erik; Lavello, Randy (2004). Webs of Power, Paul, Ron (interview), Austin, TX: Van Cleave Publishing. ISBN 0975967002. OCLC 61026033. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• Jaeger, James; Baehr, Theodore; Griffin, G. Edward; Paul, Ron; Vieira, Edwin. M Robert E Theodore Baehr (born 31 May 1946) is an American media critic and chairman of The Christian Film and Television Commission G Edward Griffin (born November 7 1931 is an American Film producer, author and political lecturer (2007). Fiat Empire: Why the Federal Reserve Violates the U. S. Constitution [DVD]. Beverly Hills, CA: Cornerstone-Matrixx Entertainment. OCLC 192133806. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose
• Haugen, David M. , and Musser, Susan, eds. (2007). Human Embryo Experimentation, Paul, Ron (Chapter 9: No form of stem cell research should be federally funded), Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press. ISBN 0737732431. OCLC 84152907. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• Haugen, David M. , ed. (2007). National Security, Paul, Ron (Chapter 1-7: The federal debt is a threat to national security), Detroit, MI: Greenhaven Press. ISBN 0737737611. OCLC 144227284. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• Belloc, Hilaire, and Chesterton, Cecil [1911] (2007). Joseph Hilaire Pierre René Belloc (27 July 1870 &ndash 16 July 1953 was a French -born Writer who became a Naturalised British subject Cecil Edward Chesterton ( November 12, 1879 – December 6, 1918) was an English Journalist, known particularly for his The Party System, Paul, Ron (foreword), Norfolk, VA: IHS Press. Norfolk is an Independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States ISBN 1932528113. OCLC 173299105. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  

References

External links

• Ron Paul Library, more than 800 articles and speeches by Ron Paul

Presidential campaign

• 2008 presidential campaign website
• Ron Paul at the Open Directory Project
• Presidential campaign contributions at OpenSecrets. The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory org (from the Center for Responsive Politics)
• PBS NewsHour with Jim Lehrer — Vote 2008: Ron Paul
• RonPaul.com

Congress

• 2008 Congressional campaign website
• U.S. House of Representatives Office of Ron Paul
• Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Voting record maintained by The Washington Post
• Campaign contributions at OpenSecrets.org
• Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
• Issue positions and quotes at On The Issues
• Current Bills Sponsored at StateSurge. The Center for Responsive Politics (CRP is a nonpartisan research group based in Washington D The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress is a Biographical dictionary of all present and former members of the United States Congress as The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D The Center for Responsive Politics (CRP is a nonpartisan research group based in Washington D Project Vote Smart ( PVS) is a Non-profit, Non-partisan research organization that collects and distributes information on candidates for public office in com