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This article on Romanian verbs is related to the Romanian grammar and belongs to a series of articles on the Romanian language. Romanian (technically called Daco-Romanian) shares practically the same Grammar and most of the vocabulary and phonological processes with the other three surviving Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Unlike English but similar to other Indo-European languages, verbs in Romanian are highly inflective. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States For English usage of verbs see the wiki article English verbs. They conjugate according to mood, tense, voice, person and number. In Linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a Verb, Noun or Adjective from its Principal parts by Inflection Grammatical mood is one of a set of distinctive Verb forms that are used to signal modality. Grammatical tense is a temporal linguistic quality expressing the time at during or over which a state or action denoted by a verb occurs In Grammar, the voice (also called gender or diathesis of a verb describes the relationship between the action (or state that the verb expresses and the participants identified Grammatical person, in Linguistics, is deictic reference to a participant in an event such as the speaker the Addressee, or others In linguistics grammatical number is a Grammatical category of nouns pronouns and adjective and verb agreement that expresses count distinctions (such as "one" Aspect is not an independent feature in Romanian verbs. In Linguistics, the grammatical aspect of a Verb defines the temporal flow (or lack thereof in the described event or state Also, gender is only distinct in adjective-like forms of the verb. In Linguistics, grammatical genders, sometimes also called Noun classes are classes of nouns reflected in the behavior of associated words every noun must belong In Grammar, an adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a Noun or Pronoun, giving more information about the

Contents

Verb paradigm

There are nine moods a verb can be put into, with five of them being personal — having a different form for each person — and four non-personal. Grammatical mood is one of a set of distinctive Verb forms that are used to signal modality. Grammatical person, in Linguistics, is deictic reference to a participant in an event such as the speaker the Addressee, or others As an example, the tables below show the verb a face (to do) at all moods, tenses, persons and numbers. Only positive forms in the active voice are given. The corresponding personal pronouns are not included; unlike English verbs, Romanian verbs generally have different forms for each person and number, so that pronouns are most often dropped or only used for emphasis. Personal pronouns are Pronouns used as substitutes for proper or common Nouns. The English equivalents in the tables (one for each mood and tense) are only an approximative indication of the meaning.

Personal moods
Mood Tense Number and person English
equivalent
(only sg. 1st)
Singular Plural
1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Indicative Pluperfect făcusem făcuseşi făcuse făcuserăm făcuserăţi făcuseră I had done
Imperfect făceam făceai făcea făceam făceaţi făceau I was doing
Compound perfect am făcut ai făcut a făcut am făcut aţi făcut au făcut I did
Simple perfect făcui făcuşi făcu făcurăm făcurăţi făcură I (just) did
Future in the past aveam să fac aveai să faci avea să facă aveam să facem aveaţi să faceţi aveau să facă I was going to do
Present fac faci face facem faceţi fac I do, I am doing
Future voi face vei face va face vom face veţi face vor face I will do
Future (popular, 1) am să fac ai să faci are să facă avem să facem aveţi să faceţi au să facă I'll do
Future (popular, 2) o să fac o să faci o să facă o să facem o să faceţi o să facă I'll do
Future perfect voi fi făcut vei fi făcut va fi făcut vom fi făcut veţi fi făcut vor fi făcut I will have done
Subjunctive Past să fi făcut să fi făcut să fi făcut să fi făcut să fi făcut să fi făcut that I did, to have done
Present să fac să faci să facă să facem să faceţi să facă that I do, to do
Optative &
Conditional		 Past aş fi făcut ai fi făcut ar fi făcut am fi făcut aţi fi făcut ar fi făcut I would have done
Present aş face ai face ar face am face aţi face ar face I would do
Presumptive Past oi fi făcut oi fi făcut o fi făcut om fi făcut oţi fi făcut or fi făcut I might have done
Present oi face oi face o face om face oţi face or face I might do
Present progressive oi fi făcând oi fi făcând o fi făcând om fi făcând oţi fi făcând or fi făcând I might be doing
Imperative Present – fă! – – faceţi! – do! (2nd person only)
Non-personal moods
Mood Tense Verb forms English equivalent
Infinitive Past a fi făcut to have done
Present a face to do
Participle Past făcut (sg. , masc. )
făcută (sg. , fem. )
făcuţi (pl. , masc. )
făcute (pl. , fem. )		 done
Gerund – făcând doing
Supine – de făcut (something) to do

Verbs in the past participle usually behave like adjectives, and thus must agree in number, gender, and case with the noun they determine. In Grammar, an adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a Noun or Pronoun, giving more information about the

Conjugation groups

From an etymologycal point of view, Romanian verbs are categorized into four large conjugation groups depending on the ending in the infinitive mood. This categorization is currently taught in schools. Long, full infinitives are in parentheses.

Conjugation Ending Examples Notes
I –a(re) a da(re) (to give)
a cânta(re) (to sing)
a crea(re) (to create)		 verbs ending in hiatus ea are included here
II –ea(re) a putea(re) (can)
a cădea(re) (to fall)
a vedea(re) (to see)		 only when ea is a diphthong
III –e(re) a vindere (to sell)
a crede(re) (to believe)
a alege(re) (to choose)
IV –i(re) or –î(re) a ştire (to know)
a veni(re) (to come)
a hotărîre (to decide)

Most verbs fall in the first conjugation group with another large number ending in –i (fourth group). Hiatus (Latin "yawning" (haɪˈeɪtəs in Linguistics is the separate pronunciation of two adjacent Vowels sometimes with an intervening Glottal stop In Phonetics, a diphthong (also gliding vowel) (from Greek grc δίφθογγος "diphthongos" literally "with two sounds" or "with

This classification only partially helps in identifying the correct conjugation pattern; each group is further split into smaller classes depending on the actual morphological processes that occur. For example, verbs a cântare (to sing) and a lucrare (to work) both belong to the first conjugation group, but their indicative first person singular forms are eu cânt (I sing) and eu lucrez(re) (I work), showing different conjugation mechanisms.

A more appropriate classification, which provides useful information on the actual conjugation pattern, groups all regular verbs into 11 conjugation classes, as shown below.

Class Identification Examples (one from each sound change type)
V1 infinitive ending in -a, present indicative without infix a ajuta, a arăta, a aştepta, a ierta, a toca, a apăra, a îmbrăca, a prezenta, a apăsa, a măsura, a căpăta, a semăna, a pieptăna, a amâna, a intra, a lătra, a apropia, a mângâia, a tăia, a despuia
V2 infinitive ending in -a, present indicative with infix -ez- a lucra, a studia
V3 infinitive ending in -i, present indicative singular 3rd person ending in -e a fugi, a despărţi, a ieşi, a repezi, a dormi, a muri, a veni, a sui, a îndoi, a jupui
V4 infinitive ending in -i, present indicative singular 3rd person ending in -ă a oferi, a suferi
V5 infinitive ending in -i, present indicative singular 3rd person ending in -eşte a povesti, a trăi
V6 infinitive ending in -î, present indicative singular 3rd person ending in -ă a vârî, a coborî
V7 infinitive ending in -î, present indicative singular 3rd person ending in -ăşte a hotărî
V8 infinitive ending in diphthong -ea a apărea, a cădea, a şedea, a vedea, a putea
V9 infinitive ending in -e, past participle ending in -ut a pierde, a cere, a crede, a bate, a cunoaşte, a coase, a vinde, a ţine, a umple
V10 infinitive ending in -e, past participle ending in -s a prinde, a rade, a roade, a plânge, a trage, a merge, a zice, a întoarce, a permite, a scoate, a pune, a rămâne, a purcede, a scrie
V11 infinitive ending in -e, past participle ending in -t or -pt a rupe, a fierbe, a înfrânge, a sparge, a frige, a coace

Nevertheless, even such a classification does not consider all possible sound alternances. A full classification, considering all combinations of sound changes and ending patterns, contains about seventy types, not including irregular verbs.

Irregular verbs

There are various kinds of irregularity, such as multiple radicals whose choice is conditioned phonetically or etymologically, and exceptional endings. The following is a list of the most frequent irregular verbs: a avea (to have), a fi (to be), a vrea (to want), a sta (to sit, stand, remain), a da (to give), a azvârli (to throw), a lua (to take), a bea (to drink), a şti (to know), a usca (to dry), a continua (to continue), a mânca (to eat), a face (to do), a zice (to say), a duce (to carry).

References

External links

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