Principatele Unite ale Valahiei şi Moldovei United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia ←   ← 1859 – 1881 → Flag (after 1866) Coat of arms (after 1866) Motto Romanian: Toti in unu Latin: Nihil Sine Deo (after 1866) Anthem Romanian: Hora Unirii (unofficial) Romanian: Marş triumfal şi primirea steagului şi a Măriei Sale Prinţul Domnitor (since 1862) The United Principalities until 1878 Capital Bucharest and Iaşi Bucharest (after 1862) Language(s) Romanian Religion Eastern Orthodox Government Monarchy Domnitor  - 5 January/24 January 1859 - 11 February 1866 Alexandru Ioan Cuza  - 10 May 1866 - 15 March 1881 Carol I Prime minister Barbu Catargiu Nicolae Kretzulescu Mihail Kogălniceanu Ion C. Brătianu Historical era 19th century  - Treaty of Paris (1856) 1856  - Personal union under Alexandru Ioan Cuza 24 January 1859  - First common Government under Prime-Minister Barbu Catargiu 22 January 1862  - Statute expanding the Paris Convention 10 May 1864  - overthrow of Cuza 11 February 1866  - Charles I of Hochenzollern elected Prince 10 May 1866  - Kingdom proclaimed 15 March 1881  - War of Independence 1877-1878 Currency leu (since 1867)

Romanian Principalities is a historical term designating the pre-modern principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, which alongside Transylvania form the basis of the present Romania. This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians See also Kings of Romania The Kingdom of Roumania (or ' Romania ' in post-1969 and also current spelling was the old Romanian state based on a form of The following is a list of flags of Romania. National flag and State flag Governmental flags Royal flags All the coats of arms of all the Romanian institutions must be approved by the National Committee of Heraldry Genealogy and Sealography ( Comisia Naţională de Heraldică Genealogie A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Nihil Sine Deo, Latin for "Nothing without God" is used as a Motto by the German Hohenzollern - Sigmaringen royal family A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. Iaşi (pronunciation in Romanian: /jaʃʲ/ or Jassy, is a city and municipality in north-eastern Romania. Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or Creed officially The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or Domnitor (pl domnitori) was the official title of the ruler of the United Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia between 1859 and Events 1477 - Battle of Nancy: Charles the Bold is killed and Burgundy becomes part of France. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Alexander Joan Cuza (a common old English rendition of Alexandru Ioan Cuza; March 20, 1820 – May 15, 1873) was a Moldavian Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Carol I of Romania, original name Prince Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, later simply of Hohenzollern (April 20th 1839 - This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. Barbu Catargiu ( 26 October 1807 &ndash was a conservative Romanian journalist and politician Nicolae Creţulescu or Kretzulescu (1812-1900 was a Wallachian born Romanian politician and physician Mihail Kogălniceanu ( September 6, 1817 &ndash July 1, 1891) was a Moldavian born Romanian liberal statesman lawyer Ion C Brătianu ( June 2 1821 &mdash May 16 1891) was one of the major political figures of 19th century Romania. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The Treaty of Paris of 1856 settled the Crimean War between Russia and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the Kingdom of Sardinia, France Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Alexander Joan Cuza (a common old English rendition of Alexandru Ioan Cuza; March 20, 1820 – May 15, 1873) was a Moldavian Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Barbu Catargiu ( 26 October 1807 &ndash was a conservative Romanian journalist and politician Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Alexander Joan Cuza (a common old English rendition of Alexandru Ioan Cuza; March 20, 1820 – May 15, 1873) was a Moldavian Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Carol I of Romania, original name Prince Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, later simply of Hohenzollern (April 20th 1839 - Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common See also Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878 The Romanian War of Independence was fought in 1877 against the Ottoman Empire. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The leu ( plural lei; ISO 4217 code RON numeric code 946 is the currency of Romania. This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The term can be dated back to the beginnings of the modern Romanian historiography in the mid 19th century,¹ being subsequently used by Romanian historians alternatively with the term “Romanian Lands”. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania In English, the term Romanian Principalities can be documented from the second half of the 19th century. More rarely, the term encompasses Transylvania as well. For the epoch between the late 18th century and 1860s, an alternative name for “Romanian Principalities” is Danubian Principalities. Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the

The term "Romanian Land" can be documentary traced to the early 16th century, as the Neacşu's Letter and chancellery documents indicate that the autochthon name of Walachia was Romanian Land (Rom. The letter of Neacşu of Câmpulung is the oldest surviving document available in Romanian. : Ţara Românească). Humanists traveling to or living in Transylvania, Moldavia and Walachia note as early as 16th century that the inhabitants call themselves Romanians. Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania The Romanians (dated Rumanians or Roumanians; Romanian: români or historically and today rather seldom and only regional rumâni ²

A common Romanian ethno-linguistic area embracing Wallachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania is mentioned by the chronicler Miron Costin in the 17th century. Miron Costin ( March 30, 1633 - 1691 Roman) was a Moldavian political figure and Chronicler. ^[1]

In the first half of the 18th century the erudite prince Dimitrie Cantemir systematically uses the term “Romanian Lands” for designating the three Principalities inhabited by Romanians. Dimitrie Cantemir ( October 26 1673 &ndash August 21 1723) was twice Prince of Moldavia (in March-April 1693 and in 1710–1711 The Romanians (dated Rumanians or Roumanians; Romanian: români or historically and today rather seldom and only regional rumâni ^[2]

The designation of the principalities of Walachia and Moldova under the term Romanian Principalities has more than an ethno-linguistic reason. Structural similarities in politics, state organization, social and cultural life, and most of all the fact of sharing Eastern Christianity led historians to coin and use this term. Families of churches Eastern Christians have a shared tradition but they became divided ( Schism) during the early centuries of Christianity in disputes about

Notes

¹ Among the first to use the term Romanian Principalities in scholarly works were Nicolae Bălcescu and Mihail Kogălniceanu, followed by historians such as Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol, Vasile Pârvan, Gheorghe I. Brătianu, and Nicolae Iorga. Nicolae Bălcescu ( June 29, 1819 &mdash November 29, 1852) was a Romanian Wallachian soldier historian journalist Mihail Kogălniceanu ( September 6, 1817 &ndash July 1, 1891) was a Moldavian born Romanian liberal statesman lawyer Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol ( March 23 1847 – February 27, 1920) was a Romanian scholar economist philosopher historian professor sociologist Vasile Pârvan (1882&ndash1927 was a Romanian Historian and Archaeologist, born in Huruieşti, near Bacău. Gheorghe (George I Brătianu ( February 3 1898 &ndash April 23-27 1953 was a Romanian politician and historian Nicolae Iorga (his name may also be rendered as Nicolas Jorga in foreign works January 17, 1871, Botoşani – November 27,

²

• Tranquillo Andronico writes in 1534 that Romanians (Valachi) "now call themselves Romans". ^[3]
• In 1532 Francesco della Valle travelling to Transylvania, Walachia and Moldavia notes that Romanians preserved the name of the Romans (Romani) and "they call themselves in their language Romanians (Romei)". The Romanians (dated Rumanians or Roumanians; Romanian: români or historically and today rather seldom and only regional rumâni He even cites the sentence "Sti rominest ?" ("do you speak Romanian ?" for originally Rom. : "ştii româneşte ?"). ^[4]
• Pierre Lescalopier notes in 1574 that those inhabiting Walachia, Moldavia and the most part of Transylvania say to be descendants of Romans, calling their language "romanechte" (French transcription for Romanian româneşte - Romanian). ^[5]
• Ferrante Capeci writes around 1575 that the inhabitants of those Provinces call themselves “Romanians” ^[6]
• Giorgio Tomasi writes in the late 1500s that in Transylvania live few others than Wallachian, who don’t want to be called otherwise as “Romanischi”, praising themselves to have Roman origins. ^[7]
• Orichovius (Stanislaw Orzechowski) notes as early as 1554 that "in their own language, Romanians are called Romin, after the Romans, and Walachs in Polish, after the Italians". ^[8]
• The Transylvanian Saxon Johann Lebel confirms in 1542 that common Romanians call themselves "Romuini", ^[9]
• Anton Verancsics writes around 1570 that Romanians living in Transylvania, Moldavia and Walachia call themselves Romans (Romanians). The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbürger Sachsen Erdélyi szászok Saşi are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (Siebenbürgen from the 12th ^[10]
• Reporting in 1699 about the Romanians of Transylvania, Martinus Szent-Ivany cites Romanian expressions like “We too are Romanians” ("Sie noi sentem Rumeni", for originally Rom. Martin Szentiványi (born at Szentiván, 20 October[[ 633]] died at Nagyszombat now Trnava, Slovakia) 5 March[[ 708]] was a polymathic : "Şi noi suntem români") and “We are of Romanian blood” ("Noi sentem di sange Rumena", for originally Rom. : "Noi suntem de sânge român"). ^[11]

References

1. ^ "Aşa şi neamul acésta, de carele scriem, al ţărâlor acestora, numele vechiŭ şi mai direptŭ ieste rumân, adecă râmlean, de la Roma. Acest nume de la discălicatul lor de Traian, şi cât au trăit (. . . . ) tot acest nume au ţinut şi ţin pănă astăzi şi încă mai bine munténii decât moldovénii, că ei şi acum zic şi scriu ţara sa rumânească, ca şi românii cei din Ardeal. (. . . ) Şi aşa ieste acestor ţări şi ţărâi noastre, Moldovei şi Ţărâi Munteneşti numele cel direptŭ de moşie, ieste rumân, cum să răspundŭ şi acum toţi acéia din Ţările Ungureşti lăcuitori şi munténii ţara lor şi scriu şi răspundŭ cu graiul: Ţara Românească. " In De neamul moldovenilor, 6th chapter
2. ^ "Hronicon a toată Ţara Românească (care apoi s-u împărţit în Moldova, Ţara Munteniască şi Ardealul) . . . ", D. Cantemir, Hronicul vechimei româno-moldo-vlahilor, in Operele Principelui Dimitrie Cantemir, Academia Română, Bucureşti, 1901, p. 180
3. ^ "nunc se Romanos vocant" A. Verres, Acta et Epistolae, I, p. 243
4. ^ ". . . si dimandano in lingua loro Romei. . . se alcuno dimanda se sano parlare in la lingua valacca, dicono a questo in questo modo: Sti Rominest ? Che vol dire: Sai tu Romano,. . . " Cl. Isopescu, Notizie intorno ai romeni nella letteratura geografica italiana del Cinquecento, in Bulletin de la Section Historique, XVI, 1929, p. 1- 90
5. ^ "Tout ce pays la Wallachie et Moldavie et la plus part de la Transivanie a esté peuplé des colonie romaines du temps de Traian l’empereur…Ceux du pays se disent vrais successeurs des Romains et nomment leur parler romanechte, c'est-à-dire romain … " Voyage fait par moy, Pierre Lescalopier l’an 1574 de Venise a Constantinople, fol 48 in Paul Cernovodeanu, Studii si materiale de istorie medievala, IV, 1960, p. 444
6. ^ “Anzi essi si chiamano romanesci, e vogliono molti che erano mandati quì quei che erano dannati a cavar metalli. . . ” in Maria Holban, Călători străini despre Ţările Române, vol. II,p. 158 – 161
7. ^ Maria Holban, Călători străini despre Ţările Române, vol. II,p. 158 – 161
8. ^ "qui eorum lingua Romini ab Romanis, nostra Walachi, ab Italis appellantur" St. Orichovius, Annales polonici ab excessu Sigismundi, in I. Dlugossus, Historiae polonicae libri XII, col 1555
9. ^ "Ex Vlachi Valachi, Romanenses Italiani,/Quorum reliquae Romanensi lingua utuntur. . . /Solo Romanos nomine, sine re, repraesentantes. /Ideirco vulgariter Romuini sunt appelanti", Ioannes Lebelius, De opido Thalmus, Carmen Istoricum, Cibinii, 1779, p. 11 – 12
10. ^ „. . . Valacchi, qui se Romanos nominant. . . „ “Gens quae ear terras (Transsylvaniam, Moldaviam et Transalpinam) nostra aetate incolit, Valacchi sunt, eaque a Romania ducit originem, tametsi nomine longe alieno. . . “ De situ Transsylvaniae, Moldaviae et Transaplinae, in Monumenta Hungariae Historica, Scriptores; II, Pesta, 1857, p. 120
11. ^ "Valachos. . . dicunt enim communi modo loquendi: Sie noi sentem Rumeni: etiam nos sumus Romani. Item: Noi sentem di sange Rumena: Nos sumus de sanguine Romano" in Martinus Szent-Ivany, Dissertatio Paralimpomenica rerum memorabilium Hungariae, Tyrnaviae, 1699, p. 39

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