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In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin, provincia, pl. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC provinciae) was the basic, and until the Tetrarchy (circa 296), largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of the Italian peninsula. Tetrarchy ( Greek: "leadership of four " can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula. The word province in modern English has its origins in the term used by the Romans. A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

Provinces were generally governed by politicians of senatorial rank, usually former consuls or former praetors. The Roman Senate was a political institution in Ancient Rome. Consul (abbrev cos; Latin plural consules) was the highest elected Political office of the Roman Republic and the Empire. Praetor was a title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities the commander of an Army, either before A later exception was the province of Egypt, incorporated by Augustus after the death of Cleopatra: it was ruled by a governor of equestrian rank only, perhaps as a discouragement to senatorial ambition. This exception was unique, but not contrary to Roman law, as Egypt was considered Augustus' personal property, following the tradition of earlier, Hellenistic kings.

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Republican provinces

The term provincia originally designated simply a task or duty within the Roman state. Under the Roman Republic, the magistrates were elected to office for a period of one year, and those serving outside the city of Rome, like the consuls on campaign, were assigned a particular "province", an area of authority. The term did not acquire a definite territorial sense until Rome started expanding beyond Italy during the First Punic War, and the first permanent provinces (Sicily in 241 BC and Sardinia in 237 BC) were set up. The First Punic War ( 264 to 241 BC) was the first of three major wars fought between Carthage and the Roman Republic. Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily)

At the beginning of each year, the provinces were distributed to future governors by lots or direct appointment. A Roman governor was an official either elected or appointed to be the chief administrator of Roman law throughout one or more of the many provinces constituting the Normally, the provinces where more trouble was expected — either from barbaric invasions or internal rebellions — were given to active or former consuls, men of the greatest prestige and experience, while the rest given to praetors and propraetors. Praetor was a title granted by the government of Ancient Rome to men acting in one of two official capacities the commander of an Army, either before A promagistrate is a person who acts in and with the authority and capacity of a magistrate, but without holding a magisterial office The distribution of the legions across the provinces was also dependent of the amount of danger that they represented. For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," In 14, for instance, the province of Lusitania had no permanent legion but Germania Inferior, where the Rhine frontier was still not pacified, had a garrison of four legions. This article concerns the Roman province For the ship see RMS Lusitania. Germania Inferior was a Roman province located on the left bank of the Rhine, in today's southern and western Netherlands, parts of These problematic provinces were the most desired by future governors. Problems meant war, and war could be expected to bring plunder, slaves to sell, and other opportunities for enrichment.

List of Republican provinces

Imperial provinces during the Principate

In the so-called Augustan Settlement of 27 BC, which established the Roman Empire, the governance of the provinces was regulated. Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. During the Roman Republic, Hispania Ulterior (English Further Spain) was a region of Hispania roughly located The Roman province of Macedonia was officially established in 146 BC, after the Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus defeated Andriscus of Macedon The Roman province of Africa was established after the Romans defeated Carthage in the Third Punic War. The Roman province of Asia, also called Phrygia was an administrative unit added to the late Republic. Gallia Narbonensis ( Narbonese Gaul) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France. Gallia Narbonensis ( Narbonese Gaul) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France. Description Several major cities sat on the fertile shores of the Propontis (which is now known as Sea of Marmara) Nicomedia, Chalcedon, Cius Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the Corduene (also known as Gorduene, Cordyene, Cardyene, Carduene, Gordyene, Gordyaea, Korduene, Korchayk Geography Cilicia extended along the Aegean coast east from Pamphylia, to Mount Amanus ( Gavurdağı Mount) which separated it from Syria Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Syria was a Roman province, conquered in 64 BC by Pompey, as a consequence of his military presence after pursing victory in the Third Mithridatic Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Ægyptus redirects here See Egypt Province for the province of the Ottoman Empire Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Moesia (Μοισία Moisía; Мизия Miziya; Moesia Мезија Mezija) was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Year 27 BC was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Octavian Caesar, having emerged from the Roman civil wars as the undisputed victor and master of the Roman state, officially laid down his powers, and in theory restored the authority of the Roman Senate. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was List of Civil wars involving Rome. There were several Roman civil wars, especially during the time of the late Republic. The Roman Senate was a political institution in Ancient Rome. Octavian himself assumed the title "Augustus" and was given to govern, in addition to Egypt, the strategically important provinces of Gaul, Hispania and Syria (including Cilicia and Cyprus). Augustus (plural augusti) Latin for "majestic" "the increaser" or "venerable" was an Ancient Roman For Gaul before the Roman conquest see Gaul. Roman Gaul consisted of an area of provincial rule in the Roman Empire, in modern day Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar Syria was a Roman province, conquered in 64 BC by Pompey, as a consequence of his military presence after pursing victory in the Third Mithridatic Geography Cilicia extended along the Aegean coast east from Pamphylia, to Mount Amanus ( Gavurdağı Mount) which separated it from Syria Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía These "imperial provinces" were governed by men (legati Augusti propraetore) appointed solely by the emperor, selected from either the patricians or the equestrian class. An imperial province was a Roman province where the Emperor had the sole right to appoint governors A legatus (often anglicized as legate) was a general in the Roman army, equivalent to a modern general officer They were assisted by equestrian procuratores as chief financial officials. The remaining provinces, usually in the Empire's interior and with weak military forces, often termed "senatorial provinces", were governed by former magistrates for terms of one to two years, who were assisted by quaestores. A senatorial province was a Roman province where the Roman Senate had the right to appoint governors The Roman Magistrates were elected officials in Ancient Rome. Quaestors were originally appointed by the Consuls to investigate criminal acts and determine if the consul needed to take public action The system remained flexible however, and in subsequent years provinces would change status as the situation required. In any event, as the centrality of the emperors' position in the administration grew, the practical differences between the "imperial" and "senatorial" provinces diminished.

During the Principate, the number and size of provinces also changed, either through conquest or through the division of existing provinces. The larger or more heavily garrisoned provinces (for example Syria and Moesia) were subdivided into smaller provinces in order to prevent any single governor from holding too much power in his hands. Syria was a Roman province, conquered in 64 BC by Pompey, as a consequence of his military presence after pursing victory in the Third Mithridatic Moesia (Μοισία Moisía; Мизия Miziya; Moesia Мезија Mezija) was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the

List of provinces created during the Principate

Note that many of the above provinces were under Roman military control or under the rule of Roman clients for a long time before being officially constituted as civil provinces. Britannia was the term originally used by the Romans to refer first to the British Isles, and later to the island of Great Britain. Britannia Superior was one of the provinces of Roman Britain created around 197 AD by the Roman Emperor Septimus Severus immediately after winning a Civil War against Britannia Inferior was a subdivision of the Roman province of Britannia established c Osroene (also spelled Osrohene, Osrhoene; Syriac:ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܥܣܪܐ ܥܝܢܐ Malkuṯā d-Bēt ʿŌsrā ʿĪnē Only the date of the official formation of the province is marked above, not the date of conquest.

The Roman provinces in 117

Diocletian's reforms

The Roman Empire and its administrative divisions, ca. 395. For a more detailed version, see this map.
The Roman Empire and its administrative divisions, ca. 395. For a more detailed version, see this map.

Emperor Diocletian introduced a radical reform known as the Tetrarchy (284-305), with a western and an eastern Augustus or senior emperor, each seconded by a junior emperor (and designated successor) styled Caesar, and each of these four defending and administering a quarter of the Empire. Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate Tetrarchy ( Greek: "leadership of four " can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals Augustus (plural augusti) Latin for "majestic" "the increaser" or "venerable" was an Ancient Roman Caesar (plural Caesars Latin: Caesar (plural Caesares is a Title of imperial character In the 290s, Diocletian divided the Empire anew into almost a hundred provinces, including Italy. Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula. Their governors were hierarchically ranked, from the proconsuls of Africa proconsularis and Asia through those governed by consulares and correctores to the praesides. Ancient Rome In the Roman Republic, a proconsul was a Promagistrate (like a Propraetor) who after serving as Consul, spent a year The Roman province of Africa was established after the Romans defeated Carthage in the Third Punic War. The Roman province of Asia, also called Phrygia was an administrative unit added to the late Republic. Consularis is a Latin word derived from cattle Roman history Originally it was simple and adjective meaning "consular" but more interestingly it has also become A corrector (English plural Correctors) is a person who or object that practices Correction, usually by removing or rectifying errors Praeses (plural Praesides) a Latin word meaning "Seated in front i These last were the only ones recruited from the equestrian class. The provinces in turn were grouped into (originally twelve) dioceses, headed usually by a vicarius, who oversaw their affairs. A Roman or civil diocese ( Latin: dioecesis, from the διοίκησις, "administration" was one of the administrative divisions Vicarius is a Latin word meaning substitute or deputy. It is the root and origin of the English word " Vicar " and Cognate to the Persian Only the proconsuls and the urban prefect of Rome (and later Constantinople) were exempt from this, and were directly subordinated to the tetrarchs.

Although the Caesars were soon eliminated from the picture, the four administrative resorts were restored in 318 by Emperor Constantine I, in the form of praetorian prefectures, whose holders generally rotated frequently, as in the usual magistracies but without a colleague. Events By Place Asia The Former Zhao state is proclaimed China loses its territories to the north of Yang-tsé-kiang Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine The praetorian prefectures ( Latin: praefectura praetorio, in Greek variously named ἔπαρχότητα των πραιτωρίων or ὑπαρχία Constantine also created a second capital, Nova Roma, known after him as Constantinople, which became the permanent seat of the Eastern government. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS In Italy itself, Rome ceased to be the imperial residence, Mediolanum (Milan) and later Ravenna being favoured by the emperors. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Ravenna is a City and Comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. During the 4th century, the administrative structure was modified several times. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century Provinces and dioceses were split to form new ones, the praetorian prefecture of Illyricum was abolished and reformed, and changed hands between East and West several times. The praetorian prefecture of Illyricum ( Latin: praefectura praetorio per Illyricum, ἔπαρχότητα/ὑπαρχία τῶν πραιτωρίων τοῦ In the end, with the death of Theodosius I in 395, the permanent division of the Empire into Western and Eastern halves was complete. Flavius Theodosius (January 11 347 – January 17 395 also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great ( Greek: Θεοδόσιος Α΄ The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern

Detailed information on these arrangements is contained in the Notitia Dignitatum (Record of Offices), a document dating from the early 5th century. The Notitia Dignitatum is a unique document of the Roman imperial chanceries It is from this authentic imperial source that we draw most data, as the names of the areas governed and titles of the governors are given there. There are however debates about the source of some data recorded in the Notitia, and it seems clear that some of its own sources are earlier than others.

It is interesting to compare this with the list of military territories under the duces, in charge of border garrisons on so-called limites, and the higher ranking Comites rei militaris, with more mobile forces, and the later, even higher magistri militum. Dux (plural duces) is Latin for leader (from the verb ducere, 'to lead' and could refer to anyone who commanded troops such A limes (or the Limes Romanus) was a Border defense or delimiting system of Ancient Rome. Magister militum ( Latin for "Master of the Soldiers" was a top-level military command used in the later Roman Empire, dating from the reign of

In the surviving Eastern half, which evolved into what is known as the Byzantine Empire, this administrative subdivision was gradually changed. Justinian I made the first great changes during his great reforms in 534-536 by abolishing, in some provinces, the strict separation of civil and military authority that Diocletian had established. Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus ( Greek: Φλάβιος Πέτρος Σαββάτιος Ιουστινιανός; known in English as Justinian I or This process was continued on a larger scale with the creation of extraordinary Exarchates in the 580s and culminated with the adoption of the military theme system in the 640s, which replaced the older administrative arrangements entirely. This article is about Byzantine governors and ecclesiastical ranks

List of Late Roman provinces

Praetorian prefecture of Galliae

In Latin, Gallia was also sometimes used as a general term for all Celtic peoples and their territories, such as all Brythons, including the Germanic and Iberian provinces which also had a population with a Celtic culture. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The plural, Galliae in Latin, indicates that all of these are meant, not just Caesar's Gaul (several modern countries).

Diocese of Galliae

Galliae covered about half of the Gallic provinces of the early empire:

Diocese of Viennensis

Viennensis was named after the city of Vienna (now Vienne), and entirely in present-day France, roughly south of the Loire. Gallia Lugdunensis was a province of the Roman Empire in what is now the modern country of France, part of the Celtic nation of Gaul Gallia Belgica was a Roman province located in what is now the southern part of the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northeastern Germania was the Latin Exonym for Alpes Poeninae was a Province of the Roman Empire. It is believed that this is where Hannibal crossed the Alps, therefore resulting in Sequani, in ancient geography were a Gallic people who occupied the upper basin of the Arar ( Saone) their territory corresponding to Franche-Comté This article is about the French department Do not confuse with the Austrian capital Vienna. It was originally part of Caesar's newly conquered province of Transalpine Gaul, but a separate diocese from the start. Gallia Narbonensis ( Narbonese Gaul) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France.

In the fifth century, Viennensis was replaced by a diocese of Septem Provinciae ('7 Provinces') with similar boundaries. Alpes Maritimae was a province of the Roman Empire, one of three small provinces straddling the Alps between modern France and Italy Novempopulania ( Latin for "country of the nine peoples" was one of the provinces created by Diocletian out of Gallia Aquitania, being also Gallia Narbonensis ( Narbonese Gaul) was a Roman province located in what is now Languedoc and Provence, in southern France.

Diocese of Hispaniae

Hispania was the name of the whole Iberian Peninsula. Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra It covered Hispania and the westernmost province of Roman Africa:

Diocese of Britanniae

Britanniae was again a plural

Praetorian prefecture of Italy and Africa (western)

Originally there was a single diocese of Italia, but it was eventually split into a northern section and a southern section. Hispania Baetica was one of three Imperial Roman provinces in Hispania, (modern Iberia) The Balearic Islands ( Catalan and official Illes Balears; Spanish: Islas Baleares) are an Archipelago in the western Mediterranean Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra, Gibraltar Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. Gallaecia or Callaecia was the name of a Roman province that comprised This article concerns the Roman province For the ship see RMS Lusitania. Mauretania Tingitana was a Roman province located in northwestern Africa coinciding roughly with the northern part of modern Morocco and spanish cities of Ceuta North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Maxima Caesariensis was the name of one of the four provinces of later Roman Britain (but is not named in the surviving copies of the Verona List, dated 312 Valentia was the name of a Consular northern province of Roman Britain. Britannia Prima was one of the provinces of Roman Britain in existence by c Britannia Secunda was one of the provinces of Roman Britain in existence by c Flavia Caesariensis was one of the provinces of Roman Britain. Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula. The division of Italy into regions had already been established by Aurelian. Lucius Domitius Aurelianus ( September 9, 214 or 215 &ndashSeptember or October 275 known in English as Aurelian, Roman Emperor (270&ndash275

Diocese of Italia suburbicaria

Suburbicaria indicates proximity to Rome, the Urbs (capital city). It included the islands, not considered actually Italian in Antiquity (hence they were provinces while the peninsular regions still had a superior status), given their different ethnic stock (e. g. Sicily was named after the Siculi) and history of piracy. Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. The Sicels ( Latin: Siculi; Greek: Σικελοί

Diocese of Italia annonaria

Annonaria refers to a reliance on the area for the provisioning of Rome. Campania is a region of Southern Italy in Europe. The region has a population of around 5 Italia, under the Roman Republic and later Empire, was the name of the Italian peninsula. Samnium ( Oscan: Safinim; Italian Sannio) is a historical region of the south central Apennines in Italy, that was home to the Corsica (Corse Corsican and Italian: Corsica) is the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) It encompassed northern Italy and Raetia.

Diocese of Africa

Africa included the central part of Roman North Africa:

Praetorian Prefecture of Illyricum

The Prefecture of Illyricum was named after the former province of Illyricum. Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions Alpes Cottiae was a province of the Roman Empire, one of three small provinces straddling the Alps between modern France and Italy Raetia (so always in inscriptions classical manuscripts usually use the form Rhaetia) was a province of the Roman Empire, bounded on the west by the country Raetia (so always in inscriptions classical manuscripts usually use the form Rhaetia) was a province of the Roman Empire, bounded on the west by the country The Diocese of Africa ( Dioecesis Africae) was a diocese of the later Roman Empire, incorporating the provinces of North Africa The Roman province of Africa was established after the Romans defeated Carthage in the Third Punic War. Byzacena was a Roman province in what is now Tunisia. At the end of the third century A Mauretania Caesariensis was a Roman province located in northwestern Africa Numidia (202 BC – 46 BC was an ancient Berber kingdom in present-day Algeria and part of Tunisia ( North Africa) that later alternated Tripolitaniajpg|thumb|250px|Tripolitania]] Tripolitania or Tripolitana ( Arabic: طرابلس, Transliterated: Tarābulus) is a historic The praetorian prefecture of Illyricum ( Latin: praefectura praetorio per Illyricum, ἔπαρχότητα/ὑπαρχία τῶν πραιτωρίων τοῦ It originally included two dioceses, the Diocese of Pannoniae and the Diocese of Moesiae. The Diocese of Pannonia ( Latin: Dioecesis Pannoniarum lit "Diocese of the Pannonias" from 379 known as the Diocese of Illyricum, was a diocese The Diocese of Moesiae was later split into two dioceses: the Diocese of Macedonia and the Diocese of Dacia. The Diocese of Macedonia ( Latin: Dioecesis Macedoniae, Διοίκησις Μακεδονίας) was a diocese of the later Roman Empire The Diocese of Dacia ( Dioecesis Daciae) was a diocese of the later Roman Empire, in the area of modern Serbia and western Bulgaria

Diocese of Pannonia

Pannonia was one of the two dioceses in the eastern quarters of the Tetrarchy not belonging to the cultural Greek half of the empire (the other was Dacia); It was transferred to the western empire when Theodosius I fixed the final split of the two empires in 395. Flavius Theodosius (January 11 347 – January 17 395 also called Theodosius I and Theodosius the Great ( Greek: Θεοδόσιος Α΄

Diocese of Dacia

The Dacians had lived in the Transylvania area, annexed to the Empire by Trajan. Dalmatia ( Croatian: Dalmacija, see names in other languages) is a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern Pannonia Prima was an ancient Roman province It was formed in the year 296, during the reign of Emperor Diocletian. The Pannonia Secunda was ancient Roman province It was formed in the year 296, during the reign of emperor Diocletian. The Pannonia Savia, also known as Savia and Pannonia Ripariensis, was an ancient Roman province The Pannonia Valeria or simply Valeria was an ancient Roman province The Dacians ( Lat Daci, Gr Dákai) were a Thracian people the ancient inhabitants of Dacia (located in the area Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus, commonly known as Trajan ( September 18 53 &ndash August 9 117) was a Roman Emperor who However, during the invasions of the third century Dacia was largely abandoned. Some inhabitants evacuated from the abandoned province were settled on the south side of the Danube and their new homeland renamed Dacia accordingly, in order to diminish the impact that abandoning the original Dacia had on the Empire's prestige. Dacia, in ancient geography was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Hellenes ( Greeks) " Getae " The diocese was transferred to the western empire in 384 by Theodosius I, probably in partial compensation to the empress Justina for his recognition of the usurpation of Magnus Maximus in Britannia, Gaul and Hispania.

Diocese of Macedonia

The Diocese of Macedonia was transferred to the western empire in 384 by Theodosius I, probably in partial compensation to the empress Justina for his recognition of the usurpation of Magnus Maximus in Britannia, Gaul and Hispania. Dacia, in ancient geography was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Hellenes ( Greeks) " Getae " Moesia (Μοισία Moisía; Мизия Miziya; Moesia Мезија Mezija) was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the Praevalitana (also Praevaliana or Prevalis) was an ancient Roman province The Dardani ( Ancient Greek Δαρδάνιοι were a Thraco-Illyrian tribe Dacia, in ancient geography was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Hellenes ( Greeks) " Getae " The Diocese of Macedonia ( Latin: Dioecesis Macedoniae, Διοίκησις Μακεδονίας) was a diocese of the later Roman Empire

Praetorian Prefecture of Oriens

As the rich home territory of the eastern emperor, the Oriens ("East") prefecture would persist as the core of the Byzantine Empire long after the fall of Rome. The Roman province of Macedonia was officially established in 146 BC, after the Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus defeated Andriscus of Macedon The Roman province of Macedonia was officially established in 146 BC, after the Roman general Quintus Caecilius Metellus defeated Andriscus of Macedon Thessalia redirects here For the Butterfly Genus, see Thessalia (butterfly. Epirus vetus was a Province in the Roman Empire. Between 146 BC and 395 AD, it was incorporated into the Roman province of Macedonia Epirus nova (also known as Illyria Graeca) was a province of the Roman Empire established by Diocletian during his restructuring of provincial boundaries Achaea (Αχαΐα Achaïa, axaˈia in Polytonic orthography) is an ancient province and a present prefecture of Greece, on the northern The History of Crete encompasses the ancient Minoan civilization, which used its own system of script Linear A and B Its praetorian prefect would be the last to survive, but his office was transformed into an essentially internal minister.

Diocese of Thrace

Thrace was the eastern-most corner of the Balkans (the only part outside the Illyricum prefecture) and the European hinterland of Constantinople.

Diocese of Asiana

Asia (or Asia Minor) in Antiquity stood for Anatolia. Thrace (Тракия Trakiya or "Trakija" or Trakia, Θράκη Thráki, Trakya is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe Moesia (Μοισία Moisía; Мизия Miziya; Moesia Мезија Mezija) was an ancient region and Roman province situated in the This diocese (the name means 'the Asian ones') centred on the earlier Roman province of Asia, and only covered the rich western part of the peninsula, mainly near the Aegean Sea.

Diocese of Pontus

Pontus is Latinized from Greek Pontos: the name of a Hellenistic kingdom derived from Pontos (Euxinos), i. Origins of the Pamphylians There can be little doubt that the Pamphylians and Pisidians were the same people though the former had received colonies from Greece and other Municipalities of Caria Cramer's detailed catalog of Carian towns in Classical Greece is based entirely on ancient sources Defining Lydia Aside from a legend related by Herodotus, who states that the name Lydia came from king Lydus at the time of the fall of Troy "Sidyma" redirects here For the Moth Genus named thus see Sidyma (moth. In ancient geography Lycaonia was a large region in the interior of Asia Minor, north of Mount Taurus. Geography Although close to Mediterranean Sea on the map the warm climate of the south cannot pass the height of the Taurus Mountains. In antiquity Phrygia (Φρυγία was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey. In Roman architecture, insulae (singular Insula) were large Apartment buildings where the lower and middle classes of Romans (the Plebs Geography The Black Sea region loosely called Pontus by various scholars has a steep rocky coast with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges e. the (Black) Sea, earlier used for a major Hellenistic kingdom.

It mainly contains parts of Asia minor near those coasts (as well as the mountainous centre), but also includes the north of very variable border with Rome's enemy Parthia/Persia.

Diocese of Oriens

The Eastern diocese shares its geographic name with the prefecture, even after it lost its rich part, Egypt, becoming a separate diocese; but militarily crucial on the Persian (Sassanid) border and unruly desert tribes. Description Several major cities sat on the fertile shores of the Propontis (which is now known as Sea of Marmara) Nicomedia, Chalcedon, Cius Ancient Galatia was an area in the highlands of central Anatolia in modern Turkey. Geography The greater part of Paphlagonia is a rugged mountainous country but it contains fertile valleys and produces a great abundance of hazelnuts and fruit – particularly plums Ancient Galatia was an area in the highlands of central Anatolia in modern Turkey. Cappadocia (or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya, from Greek: Καππαδοκία / Kappadokía which in turn is from the Persian: Geography The Black Sea region loosely called Pontus by various scholars has a steep rocky coast with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani

It comprised mainly the modern Arabic Machrak (Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Israel, the Palestinian Territories and Jordan) except for the desert hinterland:

Further it contained the southeastern coast of Asia Minor and the close island of Cyprus

Diocese of Aegyptus

This diocese, comprising north eastern Africa — mainly Egypt, the rich granary and traditional personal domain of the emperors — was the only diocese that was not under a vicarius, but whose head retained the unique title of Praefectus Augustalis. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Name There are differences of opinion as to what the Palestinian territories should be called Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern Kingdom of Judea redirects here For the 10th-6th century BCE kingdom see Kingdom of Judah Iudaea ( Hebrew: יהודה Standard Background After the failed Great Jewish Revolt in the year 70 the Roman authorities took measures to suppress the rebellious province Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Syria was a Roman province, conquered in 64 BC by Pompey, as a consequence of his military presence after pursing victory in the Third Mithridatic Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun Osroene (also spelled Osrohene, Osrhoene; Syriac:ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܥܣܪܐ ܥܝܢܐ Malkuṯā d-Bēt ʿŌsrā ʿĪnē Mesopotamia was one of three provinces (besides Armenia and Assyria) created by the Roman emperor Trajan in AD 116 For the Achaemenid satrapy of Arabia see Arabia (satrapy Arabia Petraea, also called Provincia Arabia or simply Arabia, was a frontier Geography Cilicia extended along the Aegean coast east from Pamphylia, to Mount Amanus ( Gavurdağı Mount) which separated it from Syria Isauria (Ισαυρία in ancient geography is a rugged isolated district in the interior of South Asia Minor, of very different extent at different periods but generally Corduene (also known as Gorduene, Cordyene, Cardyene, Carduene, Gordyene, Gordyaea, Korduene, Korchayk Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Prefect (from the Latin praefectus, perfect participle of praeficere: "make in front" i It was created by a split of the diocese of Oriens.

All but one, the civilian governors were of the modest rank of Praeses provinciae.

Apart from modern Egypt, Aegyptus also comprised the former province of Cyrenaica, being the east of modern Libya (an ancient name for the whole African continent as well). Arcadia or Arcadia Ægypti was an ancient region in Roman -controlled Egypt. Arcadia or Arkadía ( Greek Αρκαδία is a region of Greece in the Peloponnesus. Cyrenaica was split into two provinces, each under a praeses:

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