The liturgical rite of the Church of Rome is called the Roman Rite. Santa Cecilia in Trastevere is a 5th century church of Rome, located in the Trastevere rione and devoted to Saint Cecilia Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 A liturgy is the customary public worship done by a specific religious group according to their particular traditions Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The quite distinct term Latin Rite usually refers not to a liturgical rite but to the particular Church within the Roman Catholic Church that was sometimes referred to also as the Patriarchate of the West. The Latin Rite is one of the 23 Sui iuris Particular Churches within the Catholic Church. A particular Church is in Catholic theology and canon law, an ecclesial community headed by a bishop or someone recognized as the equivalent of a bishop The Roman rite is the most widely used liturgical form used within the Roman Catholic Church. Like other liturgical rites, the Roman Rite has grown and been adapted over the centuries. The development of its Eucharistic liturgy can be divided into three stages: Pre-Tridentine, Tridentine, and the Post-Tridentine. The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those The term Pre-Tridentine Mass here refers to the variants of the liturgical rite of Mass in Rome before 1570 when with his bull Quo primum, The Tridentine Mass (Missa Tridentina is the form of the Roman Rite Mass contained in the typical editions of the Roman Missal that were published This article is about the post-Vatican-II changes to the Mass for an explanation of the current structure of the Mass see Mass (Catholic Church.

With his 2007 motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, Pope Benedict XVI approved the continued use of the form in the 1962 Roman Missal, within certain limits in the case of Mass celebrated with the people, as an extraordinary form of the Roman Rite. A motu proprio ( Latin "on his own impulse" is a document issued by the Pope on his own initiative and personally signed by him Summorum Pontificum (Of the Supreme Pontiffs is an Apostolic Letter of Pope Benedict XVI, issued " Motu proprio " (i Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger The Roman Missal ((Missale Romanum is the liturgical book that contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of the Mass in the Roman Rite The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. An extraordinary form of the Roman Rite is a form other than the ordinary normal form of that rite

Contents 1 Comparison with Eastern rites 1.1 Adrian Fortescue on the antiquity of the Roman Rite 2 Arrangement of churches 3 Chant 4 See also 5 References 6 External links

Comparison with Eastern rites

While other rites use more poetic language, the Roman Rite is noted for its sobriety of expression. In its Tridentine form, it was noted also for its formality: the Tridentine Missal minutely prescribed every movement, to the extent of laying down that the priest should put his right arm into the right sleeve of the alb before putting his left arm into the left sleeve (Ritus servandus in celebratione Missae, I, 3). The Roman Missal ((Missale Romanum is the liturgical book that contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of the Mass in the Roman Rite Concentration on the exact moment of change of the bread and wine into the body and blood of Christ has led, in the Roman Rite, to the host and the chalice being shown to the people immediately after each is consecrated. If, as was once most common, the priest offers Mass while facing ad apsidem (towards the apse), ad orientem (towards the east) if the apse is at the east end of the church, he shows them to the people, who are behind him, by elevating them above his head. The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. As each is shown, a bell (once called "the sacring bell") is rung and, if incense is used, the host and chalice are incensed (General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 100). Sometimes the external bells of the church are rung as well. Other characteristics that distinguish the Roman Rite from the rites of the Eastern Churches are frequent genuflections, kneeling for long periods, and keeping both hands joined together, as is the custom also for East and South Asians at prayer.

Adrian Fortescue on the antiquity of the Roman Rite

Comparing the Roman to the Eastern rites, the famous liturgical scholar Adrian Fortescue claimed: "No Eastern Rite currently in use is as ancient as the Roman Rite"; and he poetically declared that the "[Roman] Mass goes back, without essential change, to the age when it first developed out of the oldest liturgy of all. It is still redolent of that liturgy, of the days when Caesar ruled the world and thought he could stamp out the faith of Christ, when our fathers met together before dawn and sang a hymn to Christ as to a God. The final result of our inquiry is that, in spite of unsolved problems, in spite of later changes, there is not in Christendom another rite so venerable. "^[1]

The same writer did not deny that the Roman Rite underwent profound changes in the course of its development. Writing on the Liturgy of the Mass in the Catholic Encyclopedia,^[2] he pointed out that the earliest form of the Roman Rite, as witnessed in Justin Martyr's second-century account, is of Eastern type, while the Leonine and Gelasian Sacramentaries, of about the sixth century, "show us what is practically our present Roman Mass. Saint Justin Martyr (also Justin the Martyr, Justin of Caesarea, Justin the Philosopher, Latin Iustinus Martyr or Flavius " In the interval there was what Fortescue called "a radical change". He quoted the theory of A. Baumstark that the "Hanc Igitur", "Quam oblationem", "Supra quæ" and "Supplices", and the list of saints in the "Nobis quoque" were added to the Roman Canon of the Mass under "a mixed influence of Antioch and Alexandria", and that "St. Leo I began to make these changes; Gregory I finished the process and finally recast the Canon in the form it still has. Canon of the Mass ( Latin: Canon Missæ, Canon Actionis) is the name given in the Roman Missal, from the first typical edition of Pope Pius Pope Saint Leo I or Pope Saint Leo the Great was Pope from September 29, 440 to November 10, 461. "

Fortescue himself concluded:

We have then as the conclusion of this paragraph that at Rome the Eucharistic prayer was fundamentally changed and recast at some uncertain period between the fourth and the sixth and seventh centuries. During the same time the prayers of the faithful before the Offertory disappeared, the kiss of peace was transferred to after the Consecration, and the Epiklesis was omitted or mutilated into our "Supplices" prayer. Of the various theories suggested to account for this it seems reasonable to say with Rauschen: "Although the question is by no means decided, nevertheless there is so much in favour of Drews's theory that for the present it must be considered the right one. We must then admit that between the years 400 and 500 a great transformation was made in the Roman Canon" (Euch. u. Busssakr. , 86).

In the same article Fortescue went on to speak of the many alterations that the Roman Rite of Mass underwent from the seventh century on (see Pre-Tridentine Mass), in particular through the infusion of Gallican elements, noticeable chiefly in the variations for the course of the year. The term Pre-Tridentine Mass here refers to the variants of the liturgical rite of Mass in Rome before 1570 when with his bull Quo primum, This infusion Fortescue called the "last change since Gregory the Great" (who died in 604).

The Eucharistic Prayer normally used in the Byzantine Rite is attributed to Saint John Chrysostom, who died in 404, exactly two centuries before Saint Gregory the Great. The Anaphora is the most solemn part of the Divine liturgy, Mass, or other Christian Communion rite where the offerings of bread and wine are consecrated The Byzantine Rite, sometimes called the Rite of Constantinople or Constantinopolitan Rite, is the liturgical rite used currently (in various languages This article refers to the Christian saint For other uses of the name see Chrysostomos. And the East Syrian Eucharistic Prayer of Addai and Mari, which is still in use, is certainly much older. The Holy Qurbana of Addai and Mari belongs to the East Syrian liturgical family (see Syriac Christians) and is in regular use in the Church of the East,

Arrangement of churches

The Roman Rite no longer has the pulpitum, or rood screen a dividing wall characteristic of certain medieval cathedrals in northern Europe, or the iconostasis or curtain that heavily influences the ritual of some other rites. The pulpitum is a common feature in Medieval Cathedral architecture in Europe The rood screen (also choir screen or chancel screen) is a common feature in late Medieval parish Church architecture. In Eastern Christianity an iconostasis (the plural is iconostases) also called the Templon, is a wall of Icons and religious paintings In large churches of the Middle Ages and early Renaissance the area near the main altar, reserved for the clergy, was separated from the nave (the area for the laity) by means of a rood screen extending from the floor to the beam that supported the great cross (the rood) of the church and sometimes topped by a loft or singing gallery. The rood screen (also choir screen or chancel screen) is a common feature in late Medieval parish Church architecture. However, by about 1800 the Roman Rite had quite abandoned rood screens, although some fine examples survive.

Chant

Western ears find the traditional chant of the Roman Rite, known as Gregorian chant, less ornate than that of the Eastern rites: except in such pieces as the graduals and alleluias, it eschews the lengthy melismata of Coptic Christianity, and, being entirely monophonic, it has nothing of the dense harmonies of present-day chanting in the Russian and Georgian Churches. History Gregorian chant was organized codified and notated mainly in the Frankish lands of western and central Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries with later additions Melisma, in music is singing a single syllable of text while moving between several different notes in succession History of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria Apostolic foundation Egypt is identified in the Bible as the place of refuge that the See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure But, when Western Europe adopted polyphony, music at the Roman-Rite Mass did become very elaborate and lengthy. While the choir sang one part of the Mass, the priest said that part quickly and quietly to himself and continued with other parts, or he was directed by the rubrics to sit and await the conclusion of the choir's singing. Again, while in all the other ancient rites the liturgy is chanted throughout, in the Tridentine form of the Roman Rite and for some centuries before, the priest normally merely spoke the words of the Mass, to a large extent silently. Chanting by the clergy was usually confined to special occasions and to the principal Mass in monasteries and cathedrals.

See also

• Latin liturgical rites
• Liturgical books of the Roman rite
• Pre-Tridentine Mass
• Tridentine Mass
• Mass of Paul VI
• Mass (liturgy)

References

External links

• The Roman Rite (Catholic Encyclopedia)
• Australian site, mainly on present form of the Roman Rite

v • d • e  Gregorian chants of the Roman Mass
Ordinary: Proper: Accentus:		Kyrie | Gloria | Credo | Sanctus | Agnus Dei | Ite missa est or Benedicamus Domino Introit | Gradual | Alleluia or Tract | Sequence | Offertory | Communion Collect | Epistle | Gospel | Secret | Preface | Canon | Postcommunion

History Gregorian chant was organized codified and notated mainly in the Frankish lands of western and central Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries with later additions The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. The Ordinary of the Mass ( Latin: Ordo Missae) is the set of texts of the Roman Catholic Church Latin Rite Mass that are generally The Proper (Latin proprium) is a part of the Christian liturgy that varies according to the date either representing an observance within the Liturgical Year Accentus Ecclesiasticus is a Church music term the counterpart of concentus, indicating those parts sung solo by a clergyman Kýrie is from the Greek word κύριε (kyrie the Vocative case of κύριος (kyrios meaning O Lord. " Gloria in excelsis Deo " ( Latin for "Glory to God in the highest" is the title and beginning of a hymn known also as the Greater Doxology The credo ( Latin for "I Believe" ˈkɾeːd̪oː is a statement of Religious belief, such as the Nicene Creed (or less often another creed Sanctus is the Latin word for holy or saint and is the name of an important Hymn of Christian Liturgy. Agnus Dei is a Latin term meaning Lamb of God, and was originally used to refer to Jesus Christ in his role of the perfect sacrificial Ite missa est are the concluding words addressed to the people in the Mass of the Roman Rite. Benedicamus Domino ( Latin for "Let us bless the Lord" is a closing salutation used in the Roman Mass instead of the Ite missa est in Masses which The Introit ( Latin: introitus, "entrance" is part of the opening of the celebration of the Roman Catholic Mass and the Lutheran The Gradual ( Latin: graduale, sometimes called the Grail) is a chant in the extraordinary form of the Roman Catholic Mass The Alleluia is chanted before the Gospel lesson in the Eucharistic Liturgies of the various Christian liturgical rites. The tract ( Latin: tractus) is part of the proper of the Roman Mass, which is used instead of the Alleluia during Lenten or pre-Lenten This article is about Latin poems and songs For the Early music group see Sequentia (music group. Offertory (from the Ecclesiastical Latin offertorium, French offertoire, a place to which offerings were brought the Alms The Communion is the Gregorian chant sung during the distribution of the Eucharist in the Roman Rite Catholic Mass. In Christian Liturgy, a collect kol-ekt' is both a liturgical action and a short general Prayer. An epistle (pronounced) ( Greek επιστολη epistolē "letter" is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of persons usually a letter The Gospel in Christian liturgy refers to a reading from the Gospels used during various religious services and Mass or Divine Liturgy The Secret ( Latin: Secreta, oratio secreta) is the prayer said in a low voice by the celebrant at the end of the Offertory in the Mass In liturgical use the term Preface is applied to that portion of the Eucharistic Prayer that immediately precedes the Canon or central portion of the Eucharist Canon of the Mass ( Latin: Canon Missæ, Canon Actionis) is the name given in the Roman Missal, from the first typical edition of Pope Pius Postcommunion ( Latin: Postcommunio) is the text said or sung on a Reciting tone following the Communion of the Mass

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