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Roman Polanski

Roman Polanski with a Crystal Globe
Born Rajmund Roman Liebling
August 18, 1933 (1933-08-18) (age 74)
Paris, France
Years active 1953 - present
Spouse(s) Barbara Lass (1959 - 1962)
Sharon Tate (1968-1969)
Emmanuelle Seigner (1989-present)

Roman Raymond Polanski (born August 18, 1933) is an Academy Award-winning film director, writer, actor and producer. Crystal Globe is the main Award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival first given out in the city of Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The year 1953 in film involved some significant events Events September 16 — The Robe debuts as Sharon Marie Tate (January 24 1943 – August 9 1969 was an American actress. Emmanuelle Seigner (born June 22, 1966) is a César Award nominated French actress and former fashion model, best known Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works A film producer is a person who creates the conditions for making movies. After beginning his career in Poland, Polanski became a celebrated arthouse filmmaker, and Hollywood director of such films as Rosemary's Baby (1968) and Chinatown (1974). Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland An Art film (also called an “art cinema” “art movie” or in the U Rosemary's Baby is a 1968 American horror / thriller Film written and directed by Roman Polanski. Chinatown is a American Neo-noir film directed by Roman Polanski. Polanski is considered as one of the world’s great film directors[1].

He is also known for his tumultuous personal life. He lived in German-occupied Poland during WWII and in 1969, his pregnant wife, Sharon Tate, was murdered by the Manson Family. Sharon Marie Tate (January 24 1943 – August 9 1969 was an American actress. In 1978, after pleading guilty in a plea bargain made between corresponding lawyers, to "unlawful sexual intercourse" with a 13-year-old girl, Polanski fled to France, where he now resides and has benefit from his French citizenship, while he is considered by United States authorities to be a fugitive from justice. The phrase statutory rape is a term used in some legal jurisdictions to describe consensual Sexual relations that take place when an individual (regardless of gender has sexual This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

He has continued to direct films from Europe, including Frantic (1988), Death and the Maiden (1994), The Ninth Gate, the Academy Award-winning and Cannes Film Festival Palme d'Or-winning The Pianist (2002), and Oliver Twist (2005). Frantic is a noted 1988 Thriller film directed by Roman Polanski and starring Harrison Ford. Death and the Maiden is a Drama film directed by Roman Polanski, based on the play by Ariel Dorfman, a Chilean exile who escaped The Ninth Gate is a 1999 film based on the novel The Club Dumas by Arturo Pérez-Reverte. The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, The Palme d'Or ( English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded to competing films at the Cannes Film Festival. Oliver Twist is a 2005 film directed by Roman Polanski. It is based on the novel Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens.

Contents

Biography

Early life

Polanski was born Rajmund Roman Liebling in Paris, France, the son of Bula (née Katz-Przedborska) and Ryszard Liebling (aka Ryszard Polański), who was a painter and plastics manufacturer. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. [2] Polanski's parents were agnostics; his father was a Polish Jew and his mother, a native of Russia, was raised Catholic as she had a Jewish father and a Roman Catholic mother. Agnosticism ( Greek: α- a-, without + γνώσις gnōsis, knowledge after Gnosticism) is the philosophical view that the Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". [3][4][5][6]

The Polański family moved back to Poland in 1937. Thereafter, in 1939, Poland was invaded and occupied by Germany and the Soviet Union, in accordance with the Nazi-Soviet Pact. On November 13, 1939, the Polish city of Kraków became the seat of office of Hans Frank. Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Hans Michael Frank ( May 23 1900 &ndash October 16 1946) was a German Lawyer who worked for the Nazi party The General Government surrounded those parts of the Polish state which had not been annexed to Germany. The General Government (Generalgouvernement refers to a part of the territories of Poland (and Ostrava Czechoslovakia under German Military occupation The declared goal of the German occupiers was to make the General Government judenfrei, and expel the Poles so Germans could settle there. Judenrein and Judenfrei (free of Jews were Nazi terms to designate an area free of Jewish presence

The Polański family was a target of Nazi persecution and forced into the Kraków Ghetto, along with thousands of other Polish Jews. The Jewish Ghetto in Kraków (Cracow was one of the five main ghettos created by Nazi Germany in the General Government during their Roman Polański's mother was subsequently gassed in the Auschwitz concentration camp. "Auschwitz" redirects here For the town see Oświęcim Auschwitz-Birkenau () was the largest of Nazi Germany His father barely survived the Austrian concentration camp Mauthausen-Gusen. Mauthausen Concentration Camp (known from the summer of 1940 as Mauthausen-Gusen Concentration Camp) grew to become a large group of Nazi concentration camps Polański himself escaped the Kraków Ghetto, surviving the war with the help of a Polish Roman Catholic farmer, on whose farm he had to sleep in a cow stall. After the war he learned from his sister that his mother had been killed by the Nazis.

He was educated at the Polish film school in Łódź, Poland, from which he graduated in 1959. The Leon Schiller 's National Higher School of Film Television and Theatre in Łódź ( Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Filmowa Telewizyjna i Teatralna im Polański speaks six languages: Native Polish language, Russian, English, French, Spanish, and Italian. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy.

Early short films in Poland and Knife in the Water (1962)

Several short films made during Polański's study at Łódź gained him considerable recognition, particularly Two Men and a Wardrobe (1958) and When Angels Fall (1959); the latter starred Polanski's first wife, Barbara Lass. Knife in the Water ( Nóż w wodzie) is a 1962 film directed by Roman Polański. Short subject is a format description originally coined in the North American Film industry in the early period of cinema. The movie Two Men and a Wardrobe (Dwaj ludzie z szafą (1958 is considered an Allegory. When Angels Fall, or Gdy spadają anioły, was a short Film written and directed by Roman Polański in 1959.

Polanski's first feature-length film, Knife in the Water, was also the first significant Polish film after the war that did not have a war theme. Made from a script by Jerzy Skolimowski, Jakub Goldberg and Polański himself, Knife in the Water is a dark and unsettling psychological thriller which subtly evinces the cruel, amoral power dynamics of material and sexual jealousy suffused with a profound pessimism about human relationships. Jerzy Yurek Skolimowski (born May 5, 1938) is a Polish Film director, Scriptwriter, Dramatist and Actor. Jakub Goldberg (aka Kuba Goldberg ( August 29 1924 in Warsaw Poland &ndash April 27 2002 in Copenhagen Denmark) was The film is an intense, claustrophobic three-handed potboiler — with the austere, desolate quality of a chamber drama — about a wealthy, unhappily married couple who decide to take a mysterious hitchhiker with them on a weekend boating excursion.

Although not well-received by the Polish cultural authorities on account of its lack of a socially redeeming message, Knife in the Water was nevertheless a major commercial success in the west and gave Polanski an international reputation. The film also earned its director his first Academy Award nomination (Best Foreign Language Film, 1963). "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film.

British films made in collaboration with Gérard Brach during the mid-1960s

Polanski then made three feature films in England, based on original scripts written by himself and regular collaborator, Gérard Brach. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Gérard Brach ( July 23, 1927 - September 9, 2006) was a French Film director and Screen writer who worked with

Repulsion (1965)

A psychological horror film focusing on a young Belgian woman named Carol (Catherine Deneuve), who is living in London with her older sister (Yvonne Furneaux). Repulsion is a 1965 Film directed by Roman Polanski on a scenario by Gerard Brach and Roman Polanski Catherine Deneuve (French katʁin dəˈnœv born October 22 1943 is a two-time Cesar Award -winning BAFTA Award -nominated and Academy Award -nominated London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. While working as a beautician's assistant at a salon, Carol is often disturbed by the physical decrepitude of her elderly clients, and throughout the course of the film, she becomes increasingly distressed by sexual advances from the men around her.

Her sister departs for a weekend holiday in Italy with a boyfriend, and Carol is left alone in their shared apartment flat. Carol's disordered mind finally breaks from reality as actual threats of domestic and sexual invasion blend into grotesque paranoid hallucinations, causing her to respond with desperate, deadly acts of violence.

Cul-de-Sac (1966)

A bleak nihilist tragicomedy filmed on location in Northumbria. for other uses see Cul-de-sac (disambiguation Cul-de-Sac is a 1966 British Psychological thriller directed by the Tragicomedy is Fictional work that blend aspects of the Genres of Tragedy and Comedy. The general tone and the basic premise of the film owes a great deal to Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot, along with aspects of Harold Pinter's The Birthday Party. Samuel Barclay Beckett (13 April 1906 – 22 December 1989 was an Irish Writer, Dramatist and poet Waiting for Godot is a play by Samuel Beckett, in which two characters wait for someone named Godot who never arrives The Birthday Party (1958 is the first full-length play by Harold Pinter and one of Pinter's best-known and most-frequently performed plays Indeed, the original title for the film was When Katelbach Comes, and among the cast was Jack MacGowran, a veteran of Beckett's stage productions. John Joseph "Jack" MacGowran ( October 13 1918 – January 31 1973) was an Irish character actor

The film's setup concerns two gangsters, Dickie and Albie (Lionel Stander and MacGowran), who are on the run after a heist gone bad. Lionel Jay Stander ( January 11, 1908 – November 30, 1994) was an American Actor in movies radio theater and television The film opens with Dickie pushing their broken-down car along the tidal causeway of Lindisfarne island. Lindisfarne () (variant spelling Lindesfarne is a Tidal island off the north-east coast of England. It is implied that the shootout which occurred during the heist had left Albie bleeding and paralyzed, and Dickie, who is also wounded but still mobile, now seeks to contact their underworld boss, Katelbach. (Like Beckett's Godot, Katelbach is frequently alluded to throughout the course of the film, but never actually appears).

As he searches the island, Dickie discovers that the famous medieval castle is inhabited by an effete, neurotic middle-aged man (Donald Pleasence) and his nymphomaniacal young French wife (Françoise Dorléac, Catherine Deneuve's older sister). Donald Henry Pleasence, OBE, (5 October 1919 – 2 February 1995 was an English stage and film actor. Hypersexuality is the desire to engage in Human sexual behavior at a level high enough to be considered clinically significant Françoise Dorléac ( March 21, 1942 – June 26, 1967) was a popular French actress. A series of grotesque mishaps, both farcical and tragic, ensues when Dickie decides to take the couple hostage in their castle as he waits (in vain) for further instructions from the mysterious Katelbach.

The Fearless Vampire Killers (1967)

A charming, light-hearted spoof of vampire movies (particularly those made by Hammer Studios) which was filmed using elaborate sets built on sound stages in London with additional location photography in the Alps (particularly Ortisei, an Italian ski resort in the Dolomites). The Fearless Vampire Killers (Originally titled Dance of the Vampires) is a 1967 movie directed by Roman Polanski and written by Hammer Film Productions is a film production company based in the United Kingdom. Urtijëi (Ortisei (Ortisei Ladin: Urtijëi; German: St Ulrich in Gröden; Latin: Urticetum) is a small town The Dolomites (Dolomiti Dolomiten Dolomitis are a section of the Alps.

The plot concerns a buffoonish professor named Abronsius (Jack MacGowran, the only actor to appear in two consecutive Polanski films until Emmanuelle Seigner, two decades later) and his clumsy assistant, Alfred (played by Polanski himself), who are traveling through Transylvania in search of vampires. Emmanuelle Seigner (born June 22, 1966) is a César Award nominated French actress and former fashion model, best known Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian

The two of them arrive in a small village near a vampire-infested castle, which they plan to examine. While taking lodgings at the village tavern, Alfred falls in love with Sarah, the local innkeeper's daughter (played by Polanski's future wife, Sharon Tate). Sharon Marie Tate (January 24 1943 – August 9 1969 was an American actress. Shortly after, Sarah is abducted by the vampires and taken to the castle. The rest of the film concerns Abronsius and Alfred's madcap efforts to penetrate the castle walls and rescue the girl. The unexpected and grimly ironic ending is classic Polanski.

Polanski and Tate photographed in 1968.
Polanski and Tate photographed in 1968.

Relationship with Sharon Tate, Rosemary's Baby (1968), and the Manson murders

Polanski met rising star Sharon Tate shortly before filming The Fearless Vampire Killers (she was known to producer Martin Ransohoff), and during the production the two of them began dating. Rosemary's Baby is a 1968 American horror / thriller Film written and directed by Roman Polanski. Sharon Marie Tate (January 24 1943 – August 9 1969 was an American actress. The Fearless Vampire Killers (Originally titled Dance of the Vampires) is a 1967 movie directed by Roman Polanski and written by Martin Ransohoff (born 1927 in New Orleans Louisiana) is a cinema and Television producer On January 25, 1968, Polanski married Sharon Tate in London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. In his autobiography, Polanski described his brief time with Tate as the best years of his life. During this time period, he also became friends with martial-arts master and actor Bruce Lee. Bruce Lee ( November 27 1940 – July 20 1973 was an American-born Martial artist, Philosopher, instructor, Martial arts actor and the

Shortly after, in 1968, Polanski went to the United States, where he established his reputation as a major commercial filmmaker with the success of his first Hollywood film, Rosemary's Baby. The film is a horror-thriller set in New York about Rosemary (Mia Farrow), an innocent young woman from Omaha, Nebraska, who is impregnated by the devil after her narcissistic actor husband, Guy (John Cassavetes), offers her womb to a coven of local witches in exchange for a successful career. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Maria de Lourdes Villiers-Farrow, known as Mia Farrow (born February 9, 1945) is an American Actress. Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and John Nicholas Cassavetes ( December 9, 1929 – February 3, 1989) was an American Actor, Screenwriter, and director Rosemary's Baby was based on the recent popular novel of the same name by Ira Levin, which Polanski adapted as a screenplay, earning him a second Academy Award nomination. Ira Levin ( August 27 1929 &ndash November 12 2007) was an American Novelist, Playwright, and Songwriter

In April 1969, Polanski's friend and collaborator, the composer Krzysztof Komeda (1931-1969), died from head injuries sustained from a skiing accident. Krzysztof Komeda (born Krzysztof Trzciński 8 April, 1931 in Poznań &ndash 23 April 1969 in Warsaw Komeda had been a popular jazz artist in Poland when the director first approached him to score Two Men and a Wardrobe in 1958. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States A film score is a broad term referring to the music in a film which is generally categorically separated from songs used within a film He went on to score all of Polanski's feature films of the 1960s (with the exception of Repulsion), and is probably best known in the U. S. for his final collaboration with the director: the haunting soundtrack to Rosemary's Baby.

On August 9, 1969, Tate, who was eight months pregnant with the couple's first child (a boy), and four others (Abigail Folger, Jay Sebring, Wojciech Frykowski, and Steven Parent) were brutally murdered by members of Charles Manson's "Family", who entered the Polanski's rented home at 10050 Cielo Drive in the Hollywood Hills intending to "kill everyone there". Abigail Anne "Gibby" Folger ( August 11, 1943 – August 9, 1969) was an American coffee Heiress, Debutante Jay Sebring ( October 10, 1933 &ndash August 9, 1969) was an American hair stylist for celebrities Steven Earl Parent ( February 12, 1951 - August 9, 1969) was a victim of the Charles Manson Murders Early Previous resident Terry Melcher had angered Charles Manson because he had declined to record some of his music. Terry Melcher ( February 8, 1942 – November 19, 2004) was an American Musician and Record producer. Melcher and his girlfriend at the time, actress Candice Bergen, had been living at the house but had moved out in February of 1969. Candice Patricia Bergen (born May 9, 1946) is an Academy Award -nominated and Golden Globe - and Emmy Award -winning American In March, Polanski and Tate moved in.

When Manson ordered members of his group to go to the property and kill everyone, they obeyed. After Parent, Sebring, Frykowski, and Folger had been murdered, Tate pleaded for the life of her unborn son. Susan Atkins replied that she felt no pity for her and began stabbing her. Susan Denise Atkins (born May 7, 1948) is a convicted American murderer who was a member of the "Manson family" led by Charles Manson She soaked up some of Tate's blood with a towel and wrote "PIG" on the front door with it. [7]

Polanski was at his house in London at the time of the murders and immediately travelled to Los Angeles, where he was questioned by police. As there were no suspects in the case, police checked on the past history of Polanski and Tate to try to determine a motive. After a period of months, Manson and his "family" were arrested on unrelated charges, which revealed evidence of what came to be known as the Tate-La Bianca murders. Polanski returned to Europe shortly after the killers were arrested. He later said that he gave away all his possessions as everything reminded him of Tate and was too painful for him, and that the greatest regret of his life was that he was not in Los Angeles with Tate on the night of her murder.

Films of the 1970s

Macbeth (1971)

Polanski's first feature following Sharon Tate's murder was a bleak and violent film version of Shakespeare's Macbeth, which was mostly made on location in the rugged environs of Snowdonia National Park in North Wales; Jon Finch and Francesca Annis appeared in the lead roles. Macbeth is a 1971 film directed by Roman Polanski, based on William Shakespeare 's The Tragedy of Macbeth, about the Scots Lord William Shakespeare ( baptised Macbeth is among the best-known of William Shakespeare 's plays, and is his shortest tragedy, believed to have been written some time between Snowdonia (Eryri is a region of North Wales and a National park of in area North Wales (Gogledd Cymru is the northernmost unofficial region of Wales, bordered to the south by Mid Wales and to the east by England. Jon Finch (born 2 March 1941) is an English Actor noted for many Shakespearean roles Francesca Annis (born 14 May 1945) is a British actress, particularly well known for her film and television appearances most recently Polanski adapted the script into a screenplay with celebrated British playwright and theater critic, Kenneth Tynan, and gained financing for the film through his friendship with Victor Lownes, who was an executive for Playboy magazine in London at the time. Kenneth Peacock Tynan ( 2 April 1927 - 26 July 1980) was an influential and often controversial British Theatre Critic Victor Aubrey Lownes III (born 17 April 1928, Buffalo NY USA An executive with Playboy Enterprises in various capacities various vice-presidencies Playboy is an American Men's magazine, founded in Chicago Illinois, by Hugh Hefner and his associates which has grown into Playboy

A number of critics were disturbed by the relentless violence in the film as well as the unsparing bleakness of Polanski's modernist interpretation of Shakespeare's tragedy (influenced by the writings of Polish drama critic and theoretician, Jan Kott). Jan Kott ( October 27, 1914 - December 23, 2001) was a well-known Polish critic and theoretician of the Theatre. Pauline Kael commented that the slaughter of Lady Macduff and her household appeared to have been staged in an especially lurid manner that was clearly intended to evoke the Manson killings. Pauline Kael (June 19 1919 &ndash September 3 2001 was an American Film critic who wrote for The New Yorker magazine from 1968 to 1991

What? (1972)

Written by Polanski and his old partner Gérard Brach, What? is a mordant absurdist comedy made in the spirit of Roger Vadim and Terry Southern and loosely based on the themes of Alice in Wonderland and Henry James. What? (also variously titled Diary of Forbidden Dreams, Che?, Quoi?, and Was? in different Gérard Brach ( July 23, 1927 - September 9, 2006) was a French Film director and Screen writer who worked with Absurdism is a Philosophy stating that the efforts of humanity to find meaning in the Universe ultimately fail (and hence are absurd because no such Roger Vadim, born Roger Vladimir Plemiannikov (26 January 1928 – 11 February 2000 was a French Journalist, Author, Actor, Screenwriter Terry Southern ( May 1, 1924 &ndash October 29, 1995) was a highly influential American short story writer novelist essayist screenwriter Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865 is a novel written by English author Charles Lutwidge Dodgson better known under the Pseudonym Lewis Henry James, OM ( –) son of theologian Henry James Sr, brother of the philosopher and psychologist William James and diarist Alice James The film is a rambling, shaggy-dog story about the sexual indignities that befall Nancy (Sydne Rome), a winsome young American hippie hitchhiking through Europe. In its original sense a shaggy dog story is an extremely long-winded tale featuring extensive narration of typically irrelevant incidents usually resulting in a pointless or absurd punchline Sydne Rome (born March 17 1951) is a United States -born Italy -based film actress The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world After escaping a farcical rape attempt in the back of a truck, she soon finds herself stranded in the hothouse atmosphere of a remote Italian villa inhabited by a band of decadent, lecherous grotesques — the main three are played by Marcello Mastrioanni, Hugh Griffith and Polanski himself. Marcello Vincenzo Domenico Mastroianni (September 28 1924 &ndash December 19 1996 was an Italian film actor Hugh Emrys Griffith ( May 30, 1912 &ndash May 14, 1980) was a Welsh Film, stage and Television Actor

What? is also significant in that it is Polanski's only film to date in which a character breaks the fourth wall. The fourth wall is the imaginary wall at the front of the stage in a Proscenium Theater, through which the audience sees the action in the world of the play The film was a failure with audiences and critics, although in the years since its release What? has attracted a minor cult following and a modicum of critical notice.

Chinatown (1974)

In 1973, Polanski returned to Hollywood to make Chinatown for Paramount Pictures. Chinatown is a American Neo-noir film directed by Roman Polanski. Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and Distribution company, based in Hollywood California. Legendary Paramount boss Robert Evans, who had previously hired Polanski to direct Rosemary's Baby in 1968, served as producer. Robert Evans may refer to Bob Evans (race driver (born 1947 Formula One driver from England Bob Evans (restaurateur (1918&ndash2007 The film originated from a screenplay by Robert Towne, and starred Jack Nicholson, Faye Dunaway and John Huston in the principal roles. See also Pre-production Screenwriting A screenplay or script is a written plan authored by a Screenwriter, for a Film or Television Robert Burton Towne (born November 23, 1934) is an American Screenwriter and director. John Joseph "Jack" Nicholson (born April 22 1937) is an American Actor, internationally renowned for his often dark-themed portrayals Dorothy Faye Dunaway (born January 14, 1941) known as Faye Dunaway, is an American actress. John Marcellus Huston ( August 5 1906 &ndash August 28 1987) was an American Film director and Actor. Towne's extensively researched and meticulously plotted detective yarn was in fact inspired by the historical disputes over land and water rights that had raged in southern California during the 1910s and 20s. The California Water Wars describes the disputes between Los Angeles, California and the Owens Valley over Water rights The disputes

Produced at the height of the Watergate scandal, Chinatown accurately reflects the prevailing mood of cynicism and disillusionment that marked American life by the mid-1970s. The Watergate scandals were a series of Political scandals during the presidency of Richard Nixon that resulted in the Indictment of several of Nixon's The ingeniously constructed film noir narrative becomes an existential and historical parable which significantly transcends the traditional conventions of the detective genre. Film noir is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those that emphasize moral ambiguity and sexual motivation As such, Chinatown offers a profound and disturbing (albeit fictional) critique of American civic institutions and their hidden machinations — ultimately attributing the rapid economic development and urban expansion of Los Angeles in the 1930s to a nefarious conspiracy involving corruption, fraud, murder and incestuous rape. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West

Polanski has a memorable cameo appearance midway through the film as a knife-wielding hoodlum who slits open the nostril of the muckraking detective-protagonist, Gittes, after the latter makes an insulting remark about the thug's diminutive stature. A cameo role or cameo appearance (often shortened to just cameo) is a brief appearance of a known person in a work of the Performing arts, such as

The film was nominated for 11 Academy Awards, and won for Best Original Screenplay. Chinatown proved to be Polanski's greatest commercial and critical success, and many believe it to be his single greatest work. Today, the film's reputation as a classic of New Hollywood cinema — and an exemplary work of the revisionist neo-noir genre — is unassailable. New Hollywood or post- classical Hollywood, sometimes referred to as the "American New Wave" refers to the brief time between roughly the mid- 1960s ( Neo-noir (from the Greek Neo, new and the French noir black is a type of Motion picture that prominently utilizes elements of Film

The Tenant (1976)

Polanski returned to Europe for his next film, The Tenant, which was based on a 1964 novel by Roland Topor, a French writer of Polish-Jewish origin. The Tenant (French Le Locataire) is a 1976 Psychological thriller / horror film directed by Roman Polanski based upon the 1964 novel Roland Topor ( January 7, 1938 — April 16, 1997) was a French Illustrator, painter, Writer and In addition to directing the film, Polanski also played the lead role of Trelkovsky, a timid Polish immigrant living in Paris who seems to be possessed by the personality of a young woman who committed suicide by jumping out of the window from her apartment. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city

Many have noted the similarities with Repulsion and Rosemary's Baby, and together with these two earlier works, The Tenant can be seen as the third installment in a loose trilogy of films exploring the theme of urban alienation and social anomie vis-à-vis the psychic and emotional breakdown of an isolated individual personality. In Sociology and Critical social theory, alienation refers to an individual's estrangement from traditional community and others in general Anomie, in contemporary English language is a sociological term that signifies in individuals an erosion diminution or absence of personal norms standards or values For The Tenant, Ingmar Bergman's regular cinematographer, Sven Nykvist, served as cameraman, and Isabelle Adjani and Shelley Winters both appeared in supporting roles. Ernst Ingmar Bergman ( pronounced) (14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007 was a nine-time Academy Award -nominated Swedish film, stage Sven Vilhem Nykvist ( 3 December 1922 &ndash 20 September 2006) was a two-time Academy Award winning Swedish Isabelle Yasmine Adjani, (born 27 June 1955 is a four-time César Award -winning and two-time Academy Award -nominated French film actress and singer Shelley Winters (August 18 1920 &ndash January 14 2006 was an American actress who appeared in dozens of films as well as on stage and television

Indictment on charge of rape and other sex offenses

In 1977, Polanski, then aged 44, became embroiled in a scandal involving 13-year-old Samantha Geimer (then known as Samantha Gailey). Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays It ultimately led to Polanski's guilty plea to the charge of unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor. The phrase statutory rape is a term used in some legal jurisdictions to describe consensual Sexual relations that take place when an individual (regardless of gender has sexual [8]

According to Geimer, Polanski asked Geimer's mother if he could photograph the girl for the French edition of Vogue, which Polanski had been invited to guest-edit. Vogue is a Fashion and lifestyle Magazine published in eighteen countries by Condé Nast Publications. Her mother allowed a private photo shoot. According to Geimer in a 2003 interview, "Everything was going fine; then he asked me to change, well, in front of him. " She added, "It didn't feel right, and I didn't want to go back to the second shoot. "

Geimer later agreed to a second session, which took place on March 10, 1977 at the Mulholland area home of actor Jack Nicholson in Los Angeles. Mulholland Drive is a very well-known (due to its proximity to Hollywood) road in Los Angeles, California named after engineer William Mulholland John Joseph "Jack" Nicholson (born April 22 1937) is an American Actor, internationally renowned for his often dark-themed portrayals "We did photos with me drinking champagne," Geimer says. Champagne is a Sparkling wine produced by inducing the in-bottle Secondary fermentation of Wine to effect Carbonation. "Toward the end it got a little scary, and I realized he had other intentions and I knew I was not where I should be. I just didn't quite know how to get myself out of there. " Geimer alleged that Polanski sexually assaulted her after giving her a combination of champagne and quaaludes. Sexual assault is any Assault of a sexual nature on another person Methaqualone is a Sedative drug which is similar in effect to Barbiturates a general CNS Depressant. In the 2003 interview, Geimer says she resisted. "I said no several times, and then, well, gave up on that," she says. [9]

Polanski was initially charged[10] with rape by use of drugs, perversion, sodomy, lewd and lascivious act upon a child under 14, and furnishing a controlled substance (methaqualone) to a minor, but these charges were dismissed under the terms of his plea bargain, and he pleaded guilty to the lesser charge of engaging in unlawful sexual intercourse with a minor. Rape, also referred to as Sexual assault, is an Assault by a person involving Sexual intercourse with or Sexual penetration of another person Perversion is a concept describing those types of Human behavior that are perceived to be a serious deviation from what is considered to be orthodox or normal Sodomy (ˈsɒdəmi is a term used today predominantly in Law (derived from traditional Christian usage to describe the act of Anal intercourse, Oral intercourse A plea bargain (also plea agreement, plea deal or copping a plea) is an agreement in a Criminal case whereby the Prosecutor offers [11]

In his autobiography, Roman by Polanski[12], Polanski alleged that Geimer's mother had set up her daughter as part of a casting couch and blackmail scheme against him. An autobiography, from the Greek αὐτός autos "self" βίος bios "life" and γράφειν graphein "to write" The casting couch is a euphemism for a Sociological phenomenon that involves the trading of sexual favors by an aspirant apprentice Employee, or Subordinate Blackmail is the crime of threatening to reveal substantially true information about a person to the public a family member or associates unless a demand made upon the

In 2008, a documentary film of the aftermath of the incident, Roman Polanski: Wanted and Desired, premiered at the Sundance Film Festival. Roman Polanski Wanted and Desired is an award-winning 2008 Documentary film directed by Marina Zenovich.

A fugitive

Before sentencing, Polanski was tipped off that the judge was going to disregard the plea bargain, in which case he would likely have faced a lengthy stay in prison. On February 1, 1978, Polanski fled to London, where he maintained residency. This article deals with personal residence in a given place For other uses see Residency (disambiguation and Resident. A day later he traveled on to France, where he held citizenship, in order to avoid extradition to the U. S. by Britain. Consistent with its extradition treaty with the United States, France refuses to extradite its own citizens. Extradition is the official process by which one nation or state requests and obtains from another nation or state the surrender of a suspected or convicted criminal As a consequence, an extradition request later filed by U. S. officials was denied. The United States government could have requested that Polanski be prosecuted on the California charges by the French authorities,[13] but this option has not been pursued. The prosecutor is the chief legal representative of the prosecution in countries with either the Common law Adversarial system, or the civil law

Polanski has never returned to Britain, and later sold his home in absentia. In absentia is Latin for "in the absence" In legal use it usually pertains to a defendant's right to be present in court proceedings Since the United States could still request the arrest and extradition of Polanski from other countries should he visit them, Polanski has avoided visits to countries that are likely to extradite him (such as Britain) and mostly travels between France and Poland.

In a 2003 interview,[14] Samantha Geimer said, "Straight up, what he did to me was wrong. But I wish he would return to America so the whole ordeal can be put to rest for both of us. " Furthermore, "I'm sure if he could go back, he wouldn't do it again. He made a terrible mistake but he's paid for it".

Vanity Fair libel case

In 2004, Polanski sued Vanity Fair magazine in London for libel. Vanity Fair is an American magazine of Culture, Fashion, and Politics published by Condé Nast Publications. A 2002 article in the magazine written by A. E. Hotchner recounted a claim by Lewis Lapham, editor of Harper's, that Polanski had made sexual advances towards a young model as he was travelling to Sharon Tate's funeral, claiming that he could make her "the next Sharon Tate". Aaron Edward Hotchner, (born June 28 1920) is an American editor novelist playwright and biographer who has partnered with Paul Newman for Newman's Lewis Lapham was one of the founders of Texaco Oil Company Mr Harper's Magazine (also Harper's) is a monthly general-interest Magazine of literature politics culture finance and the arts The court permitted Polanski to testify via a video link, after he expressed fears that he might be extradited were he to enter the United Kingdom. [15][16]

The trial started on July 18, 2005, and Polanski made English legal history as the first claimant to give evidence by video link. During the trial, which included the testimony of Mia Farrow and others, it was claimed that the alleged scene at the famous New York restaurant Elaine's could not have taken place on the date given, because Polanski only dined at this restaurant three weeks later. Maria de Lourdes Villiers-Farrow, known as Mia Farrow (born February 9, 1945) is an American Actress. Also, the Norwegian model disputed accounts that he had claimed to be able to make her "the next Sharon Tate". In the course of the trial, Polanski did admit to having been unfaithful to Tate during their marriage. [17]

Polanski was awarded £50,000 damages by the High Court in London. For the Cameroonian court by this name see High Court of Justice (Cameroon, for the Israeli court of this name see Supreme Court of Israel. Graydon Carter, editor of Vanity Fair, responded, "I find it amazing that a man who lives in France can sue a magazine that is published in America in a British courtroom". Edward Graydon Carter (born 14 July 1949 in Toronto) is a Canadian -born American Journalist and Author. Samantha Geimer commented, "Surely a man like this hasn't got a reputation to tarnish?"[18]

Later career

Tess (1979)

Polanski dedicated his next film, Tess (1979), to the memory of his late wife, Sharon Tate. For other uses see Tess (disambiguation Tess is a 1979 English language romantic drama film directed by Roman Polanski According to the director, after spending time with him in London in the summer of 1969, Tate left a copy of Thomas Hardy's Tess of the d'Urbervilles on Polanski's nightstand, along with a note suggesting that it would make a good film. Thomas Hardy OM (2 June 1840 – 11 January 1928 was an English novelist Short story writer and poet of the naturalist movement though he saw Tess of the d'Urbervilles A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented is a Novel by Thomas Hardy, first published in 1891 It was the last time he would see her alive.

Polanski at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival
Polanski at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival

Tess was Polanski's first film since his 1977 arrest in Los Angeles, and because of the American-British extradition treaty, Tess was shot in the north of France instead of Hardy's Dorset and Wiltshire. The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, Dorset ( (or archaically, Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast Etymology The county formerly 'Wiltonshire' or 'Wiltunscir' (9th century is named after the former county town of Wilton (itself named after the River Wylye The film became the most expensive ever made in France up to that time, causing producer Claude Berri considerable anxiety when there was difficulty finding a North American distributor for the picture, which was nearly three hours long. Claude Berri (born July 1, 1934 in Paris, France) is a French Film director, Actor, Screenwriter and producer

The film was eventually released in North America by Columbia Pictures, which had also distributed Polanski's earlier Macbeth. }} Columbia Pictures Industries Inc is an American Film production and distribution company Ultimately, Tess proved a financial success and was well-received by both critics and the public. For Tess, Polanski won French César Awards for Best Picture and Best Director and received his fourth Academy Award nomination (and his second nomination for Best Director). The César Award is the national film award of France, first given out in 1975. The César Award for best picture winners Winners of the César Award in French film for best director 1976: Bertrand Tavernier: Que la fête commence The film gained two more nominations for cinematography and art direction.

Pirates (1986), Frantic (1987), and relationship with Emmanuelle Seigner

Nearly seven years passed before Polanski completed his next film, Pirates (1986), a lavish period piece starring Walter Matthau, which the director intended as an homage to the beloved Errol Flynn swashbucklers of his childhood — particularly Captain Blood. Pirates is an Adventure / Comedy film written by Gérard Brach, John Brownjohn, and Roman Polanski. Frantic is a noted 1988 Thriller film directed by Roman Polanski and starring Harrison Ford. " Period piece " is phrase that is used to describe creative works Walter John Matthau ( October 1, 1920 – July 1, 2000) was an American award-winning Actor best known for his role Errol Leslie Thomson Flynn ( June 20, 1909 &ndash October 14, 1959) was an Australian Film Actor, most Captain Blood is a 1935 Swashbuckling Film made by First National Pictures and Warner Brothers. Upon its release, the film was a major commercial and critical disaster and ultimately stood as the biggest flop of Polanski's career.

The debacle of Pirates was followed by Frantic (1987), starring Harrison Ford and the actress/model Emmanuelle Seigner, whom the director married in 1989. Harrison Ford (born July 13, 1942) is an Academy Award - and BAFTA -nominated as well as Golden Globe -winning American An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works A model is a person who is posed or displayed for the purpose of Art, Fashion, or other products and Advertising. Emmanuelle Seigner (born June 22, 1966) is a César Award nominated French actress and former fashion model, best known She would go on to star in two more of his films, Bitter Moon (1992) and The Ninth Gate (1999). Bitter Moon is a 1992 film starring Hugh Grant ( Nigel) Kristin Scott Thomas ( Fiona) Emmanuelle Seigner The Ninth Gate is a 1999 film based on the novel The Club Dumas by Arturo Pérez-Reverte. Polanski and Seigner have two children, Morgane and Elvis, the latter named after Polanski's favorite singer, Elvis Presley.

Recent work and honors

In 1997, Polanski directed a stage version of The Fearless Vampire Killers, a musical, which debuted on October 4, 1997 in Vienna as Tanz der Vampire, the German title of the film version. The Fearless Vampire Killers (Originally titled Dance of the Vampires) is a 1967 movie directed by Roman Polanski and written by Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Dance of the Vampires (or Tanz der Vampire as the original German language version is named is a musical remake of a 1967 After closing in Vienna, the show had successful runs in Stuttgart, Hamburg and Berlin (2007-8) Germany. Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

On March 11, 1998 Polanski was elected a member of the Académie des Beaux-Arts. The Académie des Beaux-Arts (Academy of Fine Arts is a French Learned society. [19]

In May 2002, Polanski won the Palme d'Or (Golden Palm) award at the Cannes Film Festival for The Pianist, for which he also took Césars for Best Film and Best Director, and later won the 2002 Academy Award for Directing. The Palme d'Or ( English: Golden Palm) is the highest prize awarded to competing films at the Cannes Film Festival. The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, The César Award is the national film award of France, first given out in 1975. The César Award for best picture winners The Academy Award for Achievement in Directing (Best Director is one of the Awards of Merit presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to He did not attend the Academy Awards ceremony in Hollywood because he would have been arrested once he stepped foot in the United States. After the announcement of the "Best Director Award", Polanski received a standing ovation from most of those present in the theater . In 2004, he received the Crystal Globe award for outstanding artistic contribution to world cinema at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival. Crystal Globe is the main Award at the Karlovy Vary International Film Festival first given out in the city of The Karlovy Vary International Film Festival is a Film festival held annually in July in Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad Czech Republic.

During the summer and autumn of 2004, Polanski shot a new film adaptation of the Charles Dickens' novel Oliver Twist, based on Ronald Harwood's screenplay. Ronald Harwood CBE, (born 9 November 1934 in Cape Town, South Africa) is an author Playwright and Screenwriter The shooting took place at the Barrandov Studios in Prague, Czech Republic. Barrandov Studios are a famous set of Film studios in Prague, Czech Republic. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, The actors included Barney Clark (Oliver Twist), Jamie Foreman (Bill Sykes), Harry Eden (the Artful Dodger), Ben Kingsley (Fagin), Leeanne Rix (Nancy), and Edward Hardwicke (Mr. Barney Ivan S Clark (born June 25 1993 in Hackney, London is an English Actor. For the Australian rugby league footballer of the same name see Harry Eden (rugby league. The Artful Dodger is a character in the Charles Dickens Novel Oliver Twist. Sir Ben Kingsley, CBE (born 31 December, 1943) is an English Actor. Fagin (ˈfeɪɡɪn is a Fictional character who appears in the Charles Dickens novel Oliver Twist, referred to in the preface of the novel Edward Hardwicke, sometimes credited as Edward Hardwick, (born August 7, 1932) the son of Sir Cedric Hardwicke and actress Helena Pickard Brownlow). Besides the cast, the director gathered some collaborators from his previous movies: Ronald Harwood (screenplay), as noted, Allan Starski (production designer), Pawel Edelman (director of photography), and Anna Sheppard (costume designer).

In November 2007, Damian Chapa announced penning down and directing a biopic on Roman Polanski titled Polanski. Damian Chapa (born October 29, 1963 in Dayton Ohio) is an American Actor of Mexican descent

Current projects

Polanski made a cameo appearance in Rush Hour 3 as a French police official. Rush Hour 3 is a 2007 martial arts / action - comedy Film, and the third installment in the Rush Hour Also he will direct an adaption of the novel The Ghost, written by Robert Harris, which is about a story writer who stumbles on a secret that puts him in danger as he writes a story on the life of a former prime minister of the U. Robert Dennis Harris (born March 7, 1957 in Nottingham) is a best-selling English Novelist. K.

Style

Polanski's star on the Łódź walk of fame
Polanski's star on the Łódź walk of fame

Most of Polanski's films are intelligent psychological suspense thrillers, notable for their deliberate pacing, carefully established mood and atmosphere, and faintly Gothic treatment of settings and characters. Łódź is Poland 's third largest city with population of 753192 in 2007 (lost its second rank to Krakow in 2007 Gothic fiction (sometimes referred to as Gothic horror) is a genre of literature that combines elements of both horror and romance. As a stylist, Polanski favors long takes, deep-focus photography, and detailed pictorial mise-en-scène; jump cuts and montage very rarely appear in his work. Mise-en-scène (mizɑ̃sɛn is an expression used in the theatre and film worlds to describe the design aspects of a production A jump cut is a cut in Film editing where the middle section of a continuous shot is removed and the beginning and end of the shot are then joined together

A recurring theme in his work is the relationship between victim and predator, and the unstable and shifting dynamics of power relations between characters often lead to sudden outbursts of absurd and grotesque violence (e. g. , Cul-de-Sac, Macbeth, Chinatown, Bitter Moon, Death and the Maiden). Many of Polanski's films (especially his early works) deal with characters struggling for mastery over a hopeless situation and feature a circular plot structure — i. e. , the action is framed by a bitterly ironic recurrence of events or reversal of fortunes at the end. As for Polanski's ability to evince profound and moving drama from apparently sensational or trivial themes, Death and the Maiden star Stuart Wilson said of the director, "Roman is very deep water pretending [to be] shallow water". Stuart Wilson (born 25 December 1946) is an English Actor. Early life Wilson was born in Guildford, Surrey

Filmography

Awards
Preceded by
François Truffaut
for Day for Night		 BAFTA Award for Best Direction
1974
for Chinatown		 Succeeded by
Stanley Kubrick
for Barry Lyndon
Preceded by
William Friedkin
for The Exorcist		 Golden Globe Award for Best Director - Motion Picture
1975
for Chinatown		 Succeeded by
Miloš Forman
for One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest
Preceded by
Christian de Chalonge
for L'Argent des autres		 César Award for Best Director
1980
for Tess		 Succeeded by
François Truffaut
for The Last Metro
Preceded by
Ron Howard
for A Beautiful Mind		 Academy Award for Best Director
2002
for The Pianist		 Succeeded by
Peter Jackson
for The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King
Preceded by
Peter Jackson
for The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring		 BAFTA Award for Best Direction
2002
for The Pianist		 Succeeded by
Peter Weir
for Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World
Preceded by
Jean-Pierre Jeunet
for Amélie		 César Award for Best Director
2002
for The Pianist		 Succeeded by
Denys Arcand
for The Barbarian Invasions

Actor

Writer

References

  1. ^ Roman Polanski: wanted and desired.
  2. ^ Roman Polanski Biography (1933-)
  3. ^ The Guardian profile: Roman Polanski | The Guardian | Guardian Unlimited
  4. ^ The religion of director Roman Polanski
  5. ^ Roman Polanski | UXL Newsmakers | Find Articles at BNET.com
  6. ^ Crisis Magazine
  7. ^ Bugliosi, Vincent with Gentry, Curt. Vincent Bugliosi (ˌbuːliˈoʊsi with a silent g (born August 18, 1934, in Hibbing Minnesota) is an American Attorney and Helter Skelter. 1974. Arrow Books. ISBN 0-09-997500-9.
  8. ^ "Personalities Column", Roman Polanski Media Archive
  9. ^ "Roman Polanski gets Oscar support from unlikely source", Honolulu Star Bulletin, 20 March 2003. The Honolulu Star-Bulletin, based in Honolulu, Hawai{{okina}}i, is the second largest daily newspaper in the state of Hawai{{okina}}i (the largest Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.
  10. ^ California v Roman Raymond Polanski (PDF) grand jury indictment
  11. ^ "Polanski Named in Rape Charge", Roman Polanski Media Archive
  12. ^ Polanski, Roman (1984). Roman by Polanski. William Morrow & Co. . ISBN 978-0688026219.  
  13. ^ "A Roman in Paris", Roman Polanski Media Archive
  14. ^ "Roman Polanski gets Oscar support from unlikely source", Honolulu Star Bulletin, 20 March, 2003
  15. ^ "Polanski takes appeal to Lords", BBC News, 17 November, 2004
  16. ^ Polanski v Condé Nast Publications Ltd. [2003 EWCA Civ 1573]
  17. ^ BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Film | Polanski 'in shock' over article
  18. ^ "Polanski raped me when I was 13 . The Honolulu Star-Bulletin, based in Honolulu, Hawai{{okina}}i, is the second largest daily newspaper in the state of Hawai{{okina}}i (the largest . he is a creep ; EXCLUSIVE: WE FIND GIRL DIRECTOR DRUGGED AND ABUSED" From RYAN PARRY US Correspondent on Kauai Island, Hawaii. The Daily Mirror. The Daily Mirror, often referred to simply as The Mirror, is a British Tabloid daily Newspaper founded in 1903 London (UK): July 25, 2005. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. pg. 25
  19. ^ BBC News | ENTERTAINMENT | Polanski joins French elite

Other works of interest

External links

Persondata
NAME Polanski, Roman
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Liebling, Rajmund Roman
SHORT DESCRIPTION Film director, producer, writer, actor
DATE OF BIRTH August 18, 1933
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris, France
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
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