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The Roman Martyrology is the official Martyrology of the Roman Rite of the Roman Catholic Church. A martyrology is a catalogue or list of Martyrs (or more precisely of Saints, arranged in the calendar order of their anniversaries or feasts The liturgical rite of the Church of Rome is called the Roman Rite. It provides an extensive but not exhaustive list of the saints recognized by the Church. A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity [1]

Contents

History

The Roman Martyrology was first published in 1583 by Pope Gregory XIII, who in the year before had decreed the revision of the Julian calendar that is called, after him, the Gregorian calendar. Pope Gregory XIII (January 7 1502 &ndash April 10 1585 born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope from 1572 to 1585 The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today A second edition was published in the same year. The third edition, in 1584, was made obligatory wherever the Roman Rite was in use. [2]

The main source was the Martyrology of Usuard, completed by the "Dialogues" of Pope Gregory I and the works of some of the Fathers, and for the Greek saints by the catalogue known as the Menologion of Sirlet. Usuard was a Benedictine monk of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Paris. A martyrology is a catalogue or list of Martyrs (or more precisely of Saints, arranged in the calendar order of their anniversaries or feasts [2] It origin can be traced back to the Martyrologium Hieronymianum, which was originally based on calendars of Roman, African and Syrian provenance, but to which were gradually added names of many saints from other areas, resulting in a number of duplications, fusions of different saints into one, and other mistakes. The Martyrologium Hieronymianum, the " Martyrology of Jerome" was the most widely used and influential of the medieval lists of martyrs [3]

Very soon, in 1586 and again in 1589, revised editions were published with corrections by Caesar Baronius along with indications of the sources on which he drew, and in 1630 Pope Urban VIII issued a new edition. Venerable Cesare Baronio (also known as Caesar Baronius; August 30, 1538 &ndash June 30, 1607) was an Italian Pope [2] 1748 saw the appearance of a revised edition by Pope Benedict XIV, who personally worked on the corrections: he suppressed some names, such as those of Clement of Alexandria and Sulpicius Severus, but kept others that had been objected to, such as that of Pope Siricius. Pope Benedict XIV ( March 31, 1675 &ndash May 3, 1758) born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was Pope from August 17 Saint Clement of Alexandria (born Titus Flavius Clemens) (c150 - 211/216 was the first notable member of the Church of Alexandria, and one of its most Sulpicius Severus (c 363 &ndash between 420 and 425 wrote the earliest Biography of Saint Martin of Tours. Pope Subsequent changes until the edition of 2001 were minor, involving some corrections, but mainly the addition of the names of newly canonized saints. Canonization is the act by which a particular Christian church declares a deceased person to be a Saint and is included in the canon or list of recognized saints

The Second Vatican Council decreed: "The accounts of martyrdom or the lives of the saints are to accord with the facts of history. The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. "[4] This required years of study, after which a fully revised edition of the Roman Martyrology was issued in 2001, followed in 2005 by a revision that corrected some typographical errors in the 2001 edition and added 117 people canonized or beatified between 2001 and 2004, as well as many more ancient saints not included in the previous edition. "The updated Martyrology contains 7,000 saints and blesseds currently venerated by the Church, and whose cult is officially recognized and proposed to the faithful as models worthy of imitation. "[5]

Use of the Martyrology in the Roman Rite

On any weekday that admits celebration of the optional memorial of a saint, the Mass and the office may, if there is a good reason, be of any saint listed in the Martyrology for that day. The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. This article refers to the Liturgy of the Hours as a specific manifestation of public prayer in the Roman Catholic Church. [6]

The name of any saint listed in the Martyrology may be given to a church. The name of someone who has only been beatified may be given to a church only if included in the proper calendar of the diocese or country where the church is situated, unless special permission is obtained from the Holy See. The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic

Reading or chanting of the Martyrology

The entry for each date in the Martyrology is to be read on the previous day. [7] Reading in choir is recommended, but the reading may also be done otherwise:[8] in seminaries and similar institutes it has been traditional to read it after the main meal of the day. A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is a specialized and often live-in Higher education institution for the purpose of instructing students The appropriate Gregorian chant is indicated in the book itself. History Gregorian chant was organized codified and notated mainly in the Frankish lands of western and central Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries with later additions

If the Martyrology is read outside of the Liturgy of the Hours, as for instance in the refectory, the reading begins with the mention of the date, followed, optionally, by mention of the phase of the moon. Then the text of the Martyrology is read, ending with the versicle and response "Pretiosa in conspectu Domini – Mors Sanctorum eius" (Precious in the sight of the Lord – Is the death of his Saints). A short Scripture reading may follow, which the reader concludes with "Verbum Domini" (The word of the Lord), to which those present respond: "Deo gratias" (Thanks be to God). This in turn is followed by a prayer, for which texts are given in the Martyrology, and a blessing and dismissal. [9]

If the Martyrology is read within the Liturgy of the Hours (normally after the concluding prayer of Lauds), the same form is used, but without the optional Scripture reading. Lauds is one of the two "major hours" in the Roman Catholic Liturgy of the Hours. [10]

Reading of the Martyrology is completely omitted on Holy Thursday, Good Friday, and Holy Saturday. In the Christian Liturgical calendar, Maundy Thursday (also known as Holy Thursday) is the feast or holy day falling on the Thursday before Easter Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday ("Pascha" Holy Saturday ( Latin: Sabbatum Sanctum) is the day after Good Friday. [11]

Before the Second Vatican Council suppressed the Hour of Prime in 1963, the Martyrology was read at that canonical hour. This article refers to the Liturgy of the Hours as a specific manifestation of public prayer in the Roman Catholic Church. The prayers that now accompany the reading did not exist.

References

  1. ^ Martyrologium Romanum, Praenotanda, 27-29
  2. ^ a b c Catholic Encyclopedia, article Martyrology
  3. ^ Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, Decree Victoriam paschalem, 29 June 2001
  4. ^ Sacrosanctum Concilium, 92 c
  5. ^ Adoremus Bulletin, February 2005
  6. ^ Martyrologium Romanum, Praenotanda, 26, 30; cf. The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments ( Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum) is the congregation of the Sacrosanctum Concilium, the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, is one of the constitutions of the Second Vatican Council. General Instruction of the Roman Missal, 316; General Instruction of the Liturgy of the Hours, 244. The General Instruction of the Roman Missal (GIRM—in the Latin original Institutio Generalis Missalis Romani (IGMR—is the detailed document governing the celebration
  7. ^ Praenotanda, 35
  8. ^ Praenotanda, 36
  9. ^ Martyrologium Romanum, Ordo Lectionis Martyrologii, 13-16
  10. ^ Ordo Lectionis Martyrologii, 1-6
  11. ^ Ordo Lectionis Martyrologii, 8

See also

A martyrology is a catalogue or list of Martyrs (or more precisely of Saints, arranged in the calendar order of their anniversaries or feasts For earlier forms of the General Roman Calendar see the Tridentine Calendar, the General Roman Calendar as in 1954, General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius
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