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Holy See

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The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Roman Catholic Church, together with the Pope. The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic Politics of Vatican City takes place in a framework of an absolute theocratic monarchy, in which the head of the Catholic Church, the Pope History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger The Secretariat of State is the oldest Dicastery in the Roman Curia, the government of the Roman Catholic Church. A congregation is a type of Dicastery (department with a jurisdiction of the Roman Curia, the central administrative organism of the Catholic Church. Cardinal Vicar ( Cardinale Vicario) is a title commonly given to the Vicar general of the Diocese of Rome for the portion of the Diocese within Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory The Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State (Italian Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Città del Vaticano) is the Legislative body of The President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State is the leader of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, the Legislative body of Vatican A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect the Pope (or Bishop of Rome) who is considered by Catholics to be the Successor Papal election process for 2005 See also Papal election Presiding over the conclave was the Dean of the College of Cardinals, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger The Lateran Treaty is one of the Lateran Pacts of 1929 or Lateran Accords, three agreements made in 1929 between the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and [1] It coordinates and provides the necessary central organization for the correct functioning of the Church and the achievement of its goals.

Curia in medieval and later Latin usage means "court" in the sense of "royal court" rather than "court of law". A Curia in early Roman times was a subdivision of the people i A court is a forum used by a power base to adjudicate disputes and dispense civil, labour administrative and criminal Justice under its The Roman Curia, then, sometimes anglicized as the Court of Rome, as in the 1534 Act of the English Parliament that forbade appeals to it from England,[2] is the Papal Court, and assists the Pope in carrying out his functions. An Act of Parliament is a Law enacted as Primary legislation by a national or sub-national Parliament. The Roman Curia can be loosely compared to cabinets in governments of countries with a Western form of governance, but only the Second Section of the Secretariat of State, known also as the Section for Relations with States, and the Congregation for Catholic Education, can be directly compared with specific ministries of a civil government. The Congregation for Catholic Education (in Seminaries and Institutes of Study ( Congregatio de Institutione Catholica (de Seminariis atque Studiorum Institutis) is the Pontifical

The offices in charge of the Vatican City State are not part of the Roman Curia. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory

Contents

Purpose

"In exercising supreme, full, and immediate power in the universal Church, the Roman pontiff makes use of the departments of the Roman Curia which, therefore, perform their duties in his name and with his authority for the good of the churches and in the service of the sacred pastors" (Decree concerning the Pastoral Office of Bishops in the Church, Christus Dominus, 9).

History

From early Christianity to Council of Trent


Since the Council of Trent

In its long and eventful history, the Roman Curia has repeatedly undergone organizational changes. After the Council of Trent, Pope Sixtus V reorganised it on 22 January 1588 with the bull Immensa Aeterni Dei. The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. Pope Sixtus V ( December 13, 1521 &ndash August 27, 1590) born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was Pope from 1585 to 1590 Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. A Papal bull is a particular type of Letters patent or charter issued by a Pope. There was another general reorganisation under Pope Pius X, which took into account the concentration on ecclesiastical matters alone that resulted from the loss of the Papal States in central Italy. Saint Pius X ( Latin: Pius PP X) ( June 2, 1835 &mdash August 20, 1914) born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, was the The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest

While the Pope was sovereign of that region, the Curia had both religious and civil functions. The latter were lost when the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia, expanding to include the greater part of Italy, seized most of the Papal States in 1860 and the city of Rome itself and its surrounding area in 1870, thus ending the Papacy's temporal power. Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and The temporal power of the Popes is the political and governmental activity of the Popes of the Roman Catholic Church, as distinguished from their spiritual The Curia was from then on dedicated in practice entirely to the Pope's ecclesiastical responsibilities. When the Holy See concluded the Lateran Pacts with the Italian State in 1929, the Holy See recognized the annexation by Italy of the Papal States, and Vatican City State was created. The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic The Lateran Treaty is one of the Lateran Pacts of 1929 or Lateran Accords, three agreements made in 1929 between the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory The Curia has continued to devote itself exclusively to ecclesiastical affairs, and a distinct body, not considered part of the Curia, was established for the governance of the minuscule state. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory

The Second Vatican Council was followed by further changes. The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. Some offices ceased to exist, because their former functions were abolished, as happened with the Dataria. The functions of some others were transferred to another office, as the remaining functions of the Apostolic Chancery and those of the Secretariate of Briefs were transferred to the Secretariat of State, and those of the Congregation of Ceremonies to the Prefecture of the Pontifical Household. The Chancery of Apostolic Briefs (also known as the Papal, Apostolic or Roman Chanc(ellery) is a former office of the Roman Curia, merged into The Secretariate of Briefs to Princes and of Latin Letters, or in short Secretariate of Briefs, was one of the so-called offices of the Roman Curia which were abolished The Secretariat of State is the oldest Dicastery in the Roman Curia, the government of the Roman Catholic Church. The Sacred Congregation of Ceremonies was a branch of the Roman Curia that is charged with the direction of all the papal ceremonies as well as of the ceremonial of cardinals The Prefecture for the of the Pontifical Household or Papal Household, formerly known as Maestro di Camera del Papa is an office of the Roman Curia. Others were split into separate offices, as the Congregation of Rites became the Congregation for the Causes of Saints and the Congregation for Divine Worship, the latter of which later became, by fusion with another office, the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments. The Sacred Congregation for the Causes of Saints ( Congregatio de Causis Sanctorum) is the congregation of the Roman Curia which oversees the complex process The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments ( Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum) is the congregation of the Others again were simply given a new name.

Current structure

The following organs or charges, according to the official website of the Holy See, compose the Curia:[3]

It is normal for every Latin Catholic diocese to have its own curia for its administration. A congregation is a type of Dicastery (department with a jurisdiction of the Roman Curia, the central administrative organism of the Catholic Church. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF ( Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei) previously known as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office, The term Inquisition can refer to any one of several institutions charged with trying and convicting heretics within the Roman Catholic Church and The Congregation for the Oriental Churches ( Congregatio pro Ecclesiis Orientalibus) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for contact with The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments ( Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum) is the congregation of the The Sacred Congregation for the Causes of Saints ( Congregatio de Causis Sanctorum) is the congregation of the Roman Curia which oversees the complex process The Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples ( Congregatio pro Gentium Evangelisatione) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for The Sacred Congregation for the Clergy ( Congregatio pro Clericis) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for overseeing matters regarding The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. The Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life ( Congregatio pro Institutis Vitae Consecratae et Societatibus Vitae Apostolicae) is the The Congregation for Catholic Education (in Seminaries and Institutes of Study ( Congregatio de Institutione Catholica (de Seminariis atque Studiorum Institutis) is the Pontifical The Congregation for Bishops ( Congregatio pro Episcopis) is the congregation of the Roman Curia which oversees the selection of new Bishops pending The Tribunal of the Rota Romana or the Sacred Roman Rota is the highest appellate tribunal of the Latin Rite and several of the Eastern Catholic Churches The Pontifical Council for the Laity has the responsibility of assisting the Pope in his dealings with the laity in lay ecclesial movements or individually and their The Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity origins are associated with the Second Vatican Council which met intermittently from 1962-1965 The Pontifical Council for the Family is part of the Curia of the Roman Catholic Church. The Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace ( Justitia et Pax) is a part of the Roman Curia dedicated to "action-oriented studies" for the international The Pontifical Council Cor Unum for Human and Christian Development is part of the Curia of the Catholic Church. The Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants ( Pontificium Consilium de Spirituali Migrantium atque Itinerantium Cura) is a Dicastery of The Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers was set up by the Motu Proprio Dolentium Hominum of 11 February, 1985 The Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts is part of the Roman Curia. The Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue is a Dicastery of the Roman Curia. The Pontifical Council for Culture (Pontificium Consilium de Cultura dates back to the Second Vatican Council. The Pontifical Council for Social Communications ( Pontificium Consilium de Communicationibus Socialibus) is a Dicastery of the Roman Curia. A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church convened to decide an issue of doctrine administration or application The Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See is part of the Roman Curia that deals with the "properties owned by the Holy See in order to provide the funds necessary for The Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See is an office of the Roman Curia, erected on 15 August 1967 and entrusted with overseeing all the offices of the The Pontifical Commission for the Cultural Heritage of the Church is an institution within the Roman Catholic Church and the Roman Curia that guardians the historical The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei is a commission of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope John Paul II's Motu proprio The Pontifical Biblical Commission is a committee of Cardinals, aided by Consultors who meet in Rome to ensure the proper interpretation and defense of The International Theological Commission (ITC is a Dicastery of the Roman Curia consisting of 30 Catholic theologians from around the world The Pontifical Commission for Latin America is a Dicastery of the Roman Curia. Swiss Guards Swiss mercenary is the name given to those soldiers who have served as Bodyguards, ceremonial guards and palace guards at foreign European courts since The Labour Office of the Apostolic See is responsible for Labour relations of the Holy See with its employees A Pontifical Academy is an academic Honorary society established by or under the direction of the Holy See. For the Diocese of Rome, these functions are not handled by the Roman Curia, but by the Vicariate General of His Holiness for the City of Rome, as provided by the Apostolic Constitution Ecclesia in Urbe. The Vicar General of Rome, traditionally a Cardinal, and his deputy the Vicegerent, who holds the personal title of Archbishop, supervise the governance of the diocese by reference to the Pope himself, but with no more dependence on the Roman Curia, as such, than other Catholic dioceses throughout the world. Cardinal Vicar ( Cardinale Vicario) is a title commonly given to the Vicar general of the Diocese of Rome for the portion of the Diocese within

Until a reform by Pope Paul VI in 1969, there still existed hereditary officers of the Roman Curia, holding titles denominating functions that had ceased to be a reality when the Papal States were lost to the papacy. Pope The Roman Court or Papal Curia was reformed by the Bull Pontificalis Domus of 1969.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The Holy See is often referred to as "the Vatican", a word of many meanings, since it can refer to the geographical area, known by that name even before Christianity, to the residence of the Pope, to the Holy See, and to the State of Vatican City, which was created in 1929
  2. ^ English Reformation Sources
  3. ^ The Roman Curia
  4. ^ The Secretariat of State
  5. ^ Congregations
  6. ^ Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith
  7. ^ Congregation for the Oriental Churches
  8. ^ Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
  9. ^ Congregation for the Causes of Saints
  10. ^ Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
  11. ^ Congregation for the Clergy
  12. ^ for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic
  13. ^ Congregation for Catholic Education
  14. ^ Tribunals
  15. ^ Pontifical Councils
  16. ^ Synod of Bishops
  17. ^ Offices
  18. ^ Pontifical Commissions
  19. ^ one photograph
  20. ^ gallery
  21. ^ Institutions Connected with the Holy See
  22. ^ Labour Office of the Apostolic See
  23. ^ Pontifical Academies

Sources and external links

The three major legal systems of the world today consist of civil law, Common law and Religious law. Politics of Vatican City takes place in a framework of an absolute theocratic monarchy, in which the head of the Catholic Church, the Pope Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory
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