Citizendia
Your Ad Here

For other uses, see Rollo (disambiguation).
Rollo on the Six Dukes statue in Falaise town square.
Rollo on the Six Dukes statue in Falaise town square.

Rollo, occasionally known as Rollo the Viking, (c. 860 - c. This article is about the year 860 For the area code see Area code 860. 932) was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy. Events By Place Europe St Ursenstift is founded by the Burgundian Queen Bertha in Solothurn. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. He is also in some sources known as Robert of Normandy, using his baptismal name.

The name Rollo is a Frankish-Latin name probably taken from Scandinavian name Hrólf (cf. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Rolf is a male Given name. It originates in the Germanic name Hrolf, itself a contraction of Hrodwulf ( Rudolf) a conjunction of the the latinization of Hrólf Kraki into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum). Hrólfr Kraki, Hroðulf, Rolfo, Roluo, Rolf Krage (early 6th century) was a Legendary Danish king who appears both in Gesta Danorum ("Deeds of the Danes" is a work of Danish history by the 12th century author Saxo Grammaticus ("Saxo the Literate"

Contents

Historical evidence

Rollo was a Viking leader of contested origin. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Dudo of St. Quentin, in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark, who then died and left his two sons, Gurim and Rollo, leaving Rollo to be expelled and Gurim killed. Dudo, or Dudon was a Norman Historian, and dean of Saint-Quentin, where he was born about 965 The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum however he states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse. William of Jumièges was a contemporary of the events of 1066 and one of our earliest writers on the subject of the Norman Conquest. Gesta Normannorum Ducum ( Deeds of the Norman Dukes) is a Chronicle originally created by the monk William of Jumièges just before 1060 Wace, writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou, also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga. WACE (730 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Christian radio format Roman de Rou is a verse chronicle by Wace in Norman covering the history of the Dukes of Normandy from the time of Rollo of Normandy to The Orkneyinga saga (also called the History of the Earls of Orkney) is a unique historical narrative of the history of the Orkney Islands, Scotland, from

Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson, Earl of Møre, in Western Norway, based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( Rognvald "The Wise" Eysteinsson (son of Eystein Ivarsson) is the founder of the Earldom of Orkney in the Norse Sagas Three quite different accounts is a county in the northernmost part of Western Norway. It borders the counties of Sør-Trøndelag, Oppland and Sogn og Fjordane. Western Norway ( Norwegian: Vestlandet) is the region along the Atlantic coast of southern Norway. Rollo, occasionally known as Rollo the Viking, (c 860 - c 932 was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae, written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. Historia Norwegiæ is a short history of the Norwegian past written by a Monk around the second half of the 12th century This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair, and became a Jarl in Normandy. Harald Fairhair or Harald Finehair ( Old Norse: Haraldr hárfagri, Norwegian: Harald Hårfagre) (c Earl was the Anglo-Saxon form and jarl the Scandinavian form of a title meaning " Chieftain " and referring especially to chieftains The nickname of that character came from being so big that no horse could carry him.

The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached.

Invasion of France

Statue of Rollo in Rouen
Statue of Rollo in Rouen

In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred. Events By Place Europe The Vikings besiege Paris. Godfrith the Sea King is killed in Lobith. The Siege of Paris of 885 to 886 was a Viking siege of Paris, then capital of the kingdom of the West Franks. Sigfred was the name of a number of kings ruling the present territory of Denmark. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy. For the processors see 80886 - 8th generation x86 like Opteron and Core 2. Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls)

Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). The Seine (sɛn in French) is a slow flowing major River and commercial waterway within the regions of Île-de-France and Haute-Normandie He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy.


In 911 Rollo's forces were defeated at the Battle of Chartres by the troops of King Charles the Simple. Charles III ( September 17, 879 – October 7, 929) called the Simple or the Straightforward (from the contemporary [1] In the aftermath of the battle, rather than pay Rollo to leave, as was customary, Charles the Simple understood that he could no longer hold back their onslaught, and decided to give Rollo the coastal lands they occupied under the condition that he defend against other raiding Vikings. Charles III ( September 17, 879 – October 7, 929) called the Simple or the Straightforward (from the contemporary In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity, probably with the baptismal name Robert. The Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte was signed in the autumn of 911 between Charles the Simple and Rollo, the leader of the Vikings for the purpose Events By Place Europe Autumn — Charles the Simple agrees to the Treaty of St Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted [2] In return, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen. The Seine (sɛn in French) is a slow flowing major River and commercial waterway within the regions of Île-de-France and Haute-Normandie Rouen (ʁwɑ̃ in French) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke" (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count" under Charlemagne. A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom A count is a Nobleman in European countries The word count comes from French comte, itself from Latin Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing him to fall to the ground. [3]

Settlement

Initially, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. The Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte was signed in the autumn of 911 between Charles the Simple and Rollo, the leader of the Vikings for the purpose Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Frenchmen. At the time of his death, Rollo's expansion of his territory had extended as far west as the Vire River. The Vire is a River in Normandy in France whose 128 km course crosses the départements of Calvados and Manche

Death

Rollo's grave at the cathedral of Rouen
Rollo's grave at the cathedral of Rouen

Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword. Rouen Cathedral (Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Rouen is a Gothic Cathedral in Rouen, in northwestern France. Events Asia The Chu State is founded by Ma Yin. Korea: Hubaekje sacks the Silla capital of The Duchy of Normandy stems from various Danish, Hiberno-Norse, Orkney Viking and Anglo-Danish ( from the Danelaw) invasions of William I Longsword ( French: Guillaume Longue-Épée, Latin: Willermus Longa Spata, Scandinavian: Viljâlmr Langaspjôt Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. Events By Place Europe Cotentin and Jersey are seized by William Longsword, Duke of Normandy. According to the historian Adhemar, 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped, and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism. Adémar de Chabannes (sometimes Adhémar de Chabannes) (c 988-1034 was an eleventh century Monk, a Historian, who wrote the first Annals that Divided between the Æsir and the Vanir, and sometimes including the jötnar (giants the dividing line between these groups is less ' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity, some of his pagan roots surfaced at the end. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Norse paganism is a term used to describe the religious traditions which were common amongst the Germanic tribes living in Nordic countries prior to and

Legacy

Rollo is a direct ancestor of William the Conqueror. William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages Through William, he is a direct ancestor and predecessor of the present-day British royal family. This list shows the most senior line of direct royal lineal descent of the United Kingdom to the current monarch from William the Conqueror

The "Clameur de Haro" in the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo. The Clameur de Haro is an ancient legal Injunction of restraint employed by a person that believes they are being wronged by another at that moment The Channel Islands ( Norman: Îles d'la Manche, French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are a group of Islands

Genealogy


Family

Rollo married firstly Poppa de Bayeux, they had issue:

Rollo then repudiated Poppa and married in 912 Gisela (d. 919) daughter of Charles III of France and had:

He then re-married his first wife again after Gisela's death.

Depictions in fiction

Rollo is the subject of the 17th Century play Rollo Duke of Normandy written by John Fletcher, Philip Massinger, Ben Jonson, and George Chapman. Rollo Duke of Normandy also known as The Bloody Brother is a play written in collaboration by John Fletcher, Philip Massinger,

See also

References and external links

  1. ^ David C. Douglas. The Normans. The Folio Society. The Folio Society is a publisher of fine books based in London 2002; p. 24
  2. ^ Roman de Rou, Wace
  3. ^ Holden, A. WACE (730 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Christian radio format J. (1970). Le Roman de Rou de Wace. Paris: Éditions A. J. Picard. p. 54. Lines 1147-1156
French nobility
Preceded by
New title		 Duke of Normandy
911–927		 Succeeded by
William I
The Nobility (la noblesse in France, in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period had specific legal and financial rights and Duke of Normandy is a Title held or claimed by various Norman, French, English and British rulers from the 10th century until the Events By Place Europe Autumn — Charles the Simple agrees to the Treaty of St Events Asia The Chu State is founded by Ma Yin. Korea: Hubaekje sacks the Silla capital of William I Longsword ( French: Guillaume Longue-Épée, Latin: Willermus Longa Spata, Scandinavian: Viljâlmr Langaspjôt
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic