Roller coasters are composed of various elements, the individual parts of the design and operation, such as a track, hill, loop, turn, etc. The roller coaster is a popular Amusement ride developed for Amusement parks and modern Theme parks LaMarcus Adna Thompson patented the first Variations in normal track movement that add thrill or excitement to the ride are often called "thrill elements. "
Basic elements
Brake run
A brake run on a roller coaster is any section of track meant to slow or stop a roller coaster train. A brake run on a Roller coaster is any section of track meant to slow or stop a roller coaster train A roller coaster train describes the Vehicle (s which transports Passengers around a Roller coaster 's circuit Brake runs may be located anywhere along the circuit of a coaster and may be designed to bring the train to a complete halt or to simply adjust the train's speed. Contrary to some belief, the vast majority of roller coasters do not have any form of braking on the train itself, but rather forms of braking that exist on track sections. One notable exception is the scenic railway roller coaster, which relies on an operator to manually control the speed of the train. The Scenic Railway was the United Kingdom's oldest surviving Roller coaster, and the second oldest in the world
On most roller coasters, the brakes are controlled by a computer system, but some older wooden roller coasters have manually operated brakes. A wooden roller coaster or woodie is most often classified as a Roller coaster with laminated steel running rails overlaid These are controlled by large levers operated by the ride operators.
Buzz bars
Single-position lap bars on wooden roller coasters are commonly referred to as "buzz bars," a slang term named for the buzzing sound the bars make as they release. Skyliner is the name of a Wooden roller coaster located at Lakemont Park in Altoona Pennsylvania. Lakemont Park, located in Altoona Pennsylvania, houses the world's oldest-surviving Roller coaster, the Leap-The-Dips. Generally only older wooden coasters and junior wooden coaster trains still use these bars. Most parks have switched to individual ratcheting lap bars, similar to the lap bars found on steel coasters. Many enthusiasts agree that single-position buzz bars give better Air time on roller coasters, as ratcheting lap bars tend to lock further during the ride in many installations. Air time is the feeling of Weightlessness or negative gravity force experienced on a Roller coaster or other Amusement rides On roller coasters this
The traditional "pirate ship" style thrill ride often utilizes this type of restraint, as does the Troika. A pirate ship is a type of Amusement ride, consisting of an open seated Gondola (usually in the style of a Pirate ship which swings back and forth The Troika is an Amusement park ride designed and manufactured by HUSS Maschinenfabrik in the mid-1970s
Drive tire
A drive tire, or squeeze tire (depending on its usage), is essentially a motorized tire used to propel a roller coaster train along a piece of track. An electric motor uses Electrical energy to produce Mechanical energy. This article is about tires used on road Vehicles including pneumatic tires and solid tires. Although they are most often used in station areas and brake runs, they can also be used to launch trains at greater speeds. A brake run on a Roller coaster is any section of track meant to slow or stop a roller coaster train But generally they are used to propel the train at speeds between 5-8 mph. The Incredible Hulk Coaster at Universal's Islands of Adventure is notable for using drive tires to launch the train up an incline. The Incredible Hulk Coaster is a Steel roller coaster located in Universal's Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida, USA. Universal's Islands of Adventure is a Theme park located in Orlando, Florida.
Drive tires are also used to power other types of amusement rides, such as ferris wheels and other spinning rides. A Ferris wheel (also known as an observation wheel or big wheel) is a Nonbuilding structure consisting of an upright wheel with passenger gondolas attached
Drive tires are often used in one of two ways on roller coasters. When oriented vertically, they contact the underside of the train as it crosses a particular section of track. This underside area is a flat area which often has a grated metal surface to increase friction between the car and the tire. When oriented horizontally, drive tires are often put in pairs so as to "squeeze" a portion of the train as it crosses that section of track. In this case, it is usually the brake fin that is used to propel or slow the train with the tires.
Headchopper
A headchopper is any point on a roller coaster where the support structure of the ride comes very close to the passengers' heads, or at least appears to. All headchoppers are, of course, designed so that even the tallest rider with their hands up would be unable to touch the structure; although if a rider exceeding the maximum height does board the coaster it could be potentially dangerous. Headchoppers are most common on wooden roller coasters, but are also found on many steel roller coasters. A wooden roller coaster or woodie is most often classified as a Roller coaster with laminated steel running rails overlaid A steel roller coaster is a Roller coaster that is defined by having a track made of Steel.
The inverted roller equivalent is a footchopper. Footchoppers are designed such that rider's legs appear to come close to the ride's support structure, water, or other ride surroundings. Suspended Looping Coasters are known for their footchopper effects due to their compact layout. The Suspended Looping Coaster (or SLC is a model of Roller coaster built by Vekoma.
Launch track
The launch track is the section of a launched roller coaster in which the train is accelerated to its full speed in a matter of seconds. The launch track is the section of a Launched roller coaster in which the train is accelerated to its full speed in a matter of seconds The launched roller coaster is a modern form of Roller coaster which has risen to prominence within the last decade A roller coaster train describes the Vehicle (s which transports Passengers around a Roller coaster 's circuit A launch track is always straight and is usually banked upwards slightly, so that a train would roll backwards to the station in the event of a loss of power.
A launch track serves the same basic purpose as a lift hill - providing power to the train — but accomplishes it in an entirely different manner. A lift hill, or chain hill, is often the initial upward-sloping section of track on a typical Roller coaster that initially transports the Roller coaster A lift hill gives the train potential energy by raising it to the highest point in the track (and not significantly accelerating it). Potential energy can be thought of as Energy stored within a physical system A launch track gives the train kinetic energy by accelerating it to the maximum designed speed (while not significantly raising it). The kinetic energy of an object is the extra Energy which it possesses due to its motion
A launch track normally includes some form of brakes. Depending on the type of coaster, these brakes may be used in every run of the coaster (this is normally found on a Shuttle roller coaster where the launch track also serves as the main brake run) or they may only come into play when a rollback occurs, normally on a complete-circuit coaster such as Top Thrill Dragster, Kingda Ka and Xcelerator. A shuttle roller coaster is any Roller coaster that ultimately does not make a complete circuit but rather reverses at some point throughout its course and traverses the same A rollback occurs on a Launched roller coaster when the train is not launched fast enough to reach the top of the tower Top Thrill Dragster is a steel hydraulically-launched Roller coaster located at Cedar Point Amusement Park in Sandusky, Ohio Xcelerator is a steel launched Roller coaster at Knott's Berry Farm in Buena Park, California. In either case, the brakes are retracted to allow trains to launch, and are engaged at all other times.
Lift hill
A lift hill, or chain hill, is often the initial upward section of track on a typical roller coaster that initially transports the roller coaster train to an elevated point. A lift hill, or chain hill, is often the initial upward-sloping section of track on a typical Roller coaster that initially transports the Roller coaster A roller coaster train describes the Vehicle (s which transports Passengers around a Roller coaster 's circuit Upon reaching the top, the train is then disengaged from the lift hill and allowed to coast through the rest of the roller coaster's circuit.
Lift hills usually propel the train to the top of the ride via one of a few different types od methods: a chain lift involving a long, continuous chain which trains hook on to and are carried to the top; a drive tire system in which multiple motorized tires push the train upwards, or a cable lift system as seen on Millennium Force. Roller chain or bush roller chain is the type of chain most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power on Bicycles Motorcycles
Linear induction motor
The linear induction motor is a very simple but powerful type of electric motor used to propel the cars. A linear motor or linear induction motor is essentially a multi-phase Alternating current (AC Electric motor that has had its Stator "unrolled" Rather than using a standard enclosed spinning rotor and drive wheels, there is a long flat magnetic pole plate with closely-spaced electric coils. This pole plate mounts on the track underneath the car, and a matching metal plate attached to the car moves across the magnetic pole faces. By applying a multiphase alternating current to the poles, the pole plate induces eddy currents into the moving plate, and can be used to accelerate or brake the car. An eddy current (also known as Foucault current) is an electrical phenomenon discovered by French physicist Léon Foucault in
Compared to other drive mechanisms, the linear motor is typically maintenance-free. The pole faces on the track and moving plate attached to the car do not need to touch, and the gap between them can be quite wide to accommodate any side-to-side car motion, so there is no friction or wear between them. Further, the magnetic coil assembly on the driving pole plates are either potted or sealed in a weathertight enclosure, so that rain, vibration, and dust does not affect motor performance or cause drive motor slippage. Electronic packaging is a major discipline within the field of electronic engineering and includes a wide variety of technologies
On-ride camera
An on-ride camera is a camera mounted alongside the track of a roller coaster (or a similar ride) that automatically photographs all of the riders on passing trains. An on-ride Camera is a camera mounted alongside the track of a Roller coaster, log flume or other thrill ride that automatically photographs all of the A camera is a device used to capture images either as still Photographs or as sequences of moving images ( Movies or Videos. They are usually mounted at the most intense part of the ride, resulting in the funniest possible pictures. The pictures are available for viewing and purchase at a booth outside the ride's exit.
Train
A roller coaster train describes the vehicle(s) which transports passengers around a roller coaster's circuit. A roller coaster train describes the Vehicle (s which transports Passengers around a Roller coaster 's circuit Vehicles, derived from the Latin word vehiculum, are non-living Means of transport. This article is about passengers in commercial transportation for other uses see Passenger (disambiguation A passenger is a term broadly used More specifically, a roller coaster train is made up of two or more "cars" which are connected by some sort of specialized joint. A universal joint, U joint, Cardan joint, Hardy- Spicer joint, or Hooke's joint is a It is called a "train" because the cars follow one another around the track -- the same reason as for a railroad train. A train is a connected series of vehicles that move along a track ( Permanent way) to transport freight or passengers from one place to another Individual cars often vary in design and can carry anywhere from one to eight or more passengers each.
Some roller coasters, notably Wild Mouse roller coasters operate with individual cars instead of trains. A Wild Mouse roller coaster (or Wildemous, Mad Mouse or Rat Run) is a type of Roller coaster characterized
Thrill elements
Batwing
A batwing is a heart-shaped roller coaster inversion that consists of two loops that turn riders upside down twice. The heart (♥ has long been used as a Symbol to refer to the spiritual, Emotional moral, and in the past also intellectual core A roller coaster inversion is an element of a Roller coaster track that turns riders upside-down and then rights them History The vertical loop is not a recent roller coaster innovation The train goes into a mini-reverse sidewinder, followed by a mini-sidewinder. [1] This inversion is the inverse of a cobra roll. Roller coasters are composed of various elements, the individual parts of the design and operation such as a track hill loop turn etc
Like other inversions, the batwing has different names depending on the manufacturer. This element is called a batwing on Bolliger & Mabillard (B&M) coasters, such as Afterburn at Carowinds or Montu at Busch Gardens Africa in Tampa, Florida. Bolliger & Mabillard Consulting Engineers (more commonly known as B&M) is a Roller coaster design consultancy based in Monthey, Switzerland. Carowinds is a Theme park, located adjacent to Interstate 77 on the state line between North and South Carolina, in Charlotte Busch Gardens Africa (also known as Busch Gardens Tampa Bay) is a 335 acre 19th century African-themed park located in Tampa Florida. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the On Arrow Dynamics coasters, such as Great American Scream Machine at Six Flags Great Adventure, it is called a boomerang. Arrow Dynamics was a Roller coaster design company based in Clearfield, Utah, United States. The Great American Scream Machine is a steel Roller coaster located in Six Flags Great Adventure. Six Flags Great Adventure is a Theme park in Jackson Township, New Jersey, located 67 miles from New York City, 60 miles from Newark
The first roller coaster to use the batwing element was Orient Express at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City, where it was called a "Kamikaze Curve. The Orient Express was a Steel roller coaster at the Worlds of Fun Amusement park in Kansas City Missouri. Worlds of Fun (WOF is an amusement park in Kansas City Missouri, United States. Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages " The ride was demolished after the 2003 season.
Butterfly inversion
A butterfly inversion is sometimes found on Vekoma roller coasters. Vekoma Rides Manufacturing BV is a Roller coaster and Thrill ride designer with its facilities based in the Netherlands. A butterfly begins like a normal loop, but as the track goes up, it twists 45 degrees to one side or the other, and then when it is headed down, the track twists back. The maneuver is then repeated, but in reverse. An example of this is found on Goudurix in Parc Asterix in Plailly, France. Goudurix is a steel Roller coaster located Parc Astérix in France. Parc Astérix is a theme Amusement park in France, based on the stories of Asterix (by Albert Uderzo and Plailly is a Village and commune in the Oise département of northern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
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Cobra roll
The cobra roll is a roller coaster inversion which resembles a cobra's head. Alpengeist is the tallest and one of the fastest full circuit Inverted roller coasters in the world Cobras ( are venomous Snakes of the family Elapidae, of several genera, but particularly Naja. Riders traverse forward through an upwards half-vertical loop, corkscrew perpendicular to the first direction, enter another corkscrew that merges into a downward half-vertical loop that exits in the parallel but opposite direction of the entrance. History The vertical loop is not a recent roller coaster innovation It takes riders upside-down twice.
There is much confusion pertaining to the correct naming of this inversion. This is because different roller coaster manufacturers give their own names to inversions. Cobra Roll is the standard name used by Intamin and B&M for this type of inversion. Intamin AG is a designing and manufacturing company in Wollerau, Switzerland. On Vekoma coasters, it should be referred to as a boomerang. On Arrow coasters, it is called a Batwing.
The first coaster to use a cobra roll was Vekoma's Boomerang model, the first of which was built in Mexico in the early 1980s. For a roller coaster inversion called Boomerang see Cobra roll Boomerang is a model of Roller coaster built by Vekoma
All Vekoma Boomerangs, Drachen Fire, the Tornado at Särkänniemi Park in Tampere, Finland, and almost all B&M 7-inversion coasters have a cobra roll. Drachen Fire was a Roller coaster at Busch Gardens Europe. Opened in 1992 closed in 1998 and finally removed in 2002 it stood 150 feet tall and had a top speed of Särkänniemi is an adventure park in Tampere, Finland. The park features an Aquarium, a Planetarium, a children's Zoo Tampere ( ˈtɑmpɛrɛ Swedish: Tammerfors or) is a city in southern Finland located between two lakes Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe.
Corkscrew
The corkscrew (B&M: flat spin/ wing over) is a roller coaster inversion which most often resembles a loop that has been 'widened' in terms of the element's entrance and exit points being a distance away from each other. Batman The Ride is a steel inverted Roller coaster found in many Six Flags Theme parks, as well as other parks around the world Six Flags Over Texas is a major Amusement park located in Arlington, Texas ( USA) east of Fort Worth and about west of Dallas Arlington is a Suburb of Fort Worth in Tarrant County, Texas ( USA) within the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan area Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. History The vertical loop is not a recent roller coaster innovation The main difference is that riders are inverted at a point angled 90° horizontally from the incoming track, whereas in a loop, the inversion comes parallel to the track, but traveling in the opposite direction.
It was named due to its resemblance to the corkscrew tool used to remove corks from bottles. A corkscrew is a tool for drawing stopping corks from Wine Bottles Generally it consists of a pointed metallic Helix (often called the "worm" Riders enter the corkscrew element and are transported significantly to the left or right while being flipped upside down 360 degrees.
Due to them being much smaller than many elements, corkscrews are normally found towards the end of layouts, and often exist in pairs. This may take the form of a double corkscrew, where the end of one leads straight into the next. It is also common to see interlocking corkscrews, where the entrances and exits are parallel, but both corkscrews cross over the other corkscrew's track. Roller coasters are composed of various elements, the individual parts of the design and operation such as a track hill loop turn etc
Corkscrew is also the name of several roller coasters, including a three-loop coaster at Valleyfair in Shakopee, Minnesota, a three loop roller coaster at Cedar point in Sandusky, Ohio as well as a two-loop coaster at Genting Highlands theme park, Malaysia. Valleyfair is a 90 acre (05 km² Amusement park located in Shakopee Minnesota, USA and is currently the largest amusement park in the Upper Midwest Shakopee (ˈʃɑːkəpi "SHOCK-a-pi" is a Suburb 17 miles (26 km southwest of downtown Minneapolis in the U Cedar Point is a 364 acre (15 km² Amusement park located in Sandusky, Ohio, U Sandusky is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Erie County. Genting Highlands ( Malay: Tanah Tinggi Genting; Chinese: 雲頂高原 (1700m above sea level) is a mountain peak within the Titiwangsa Mountains on the
The first roller coaster with a corkscrew element was the Arrow Dynamics designed Corkscrew, opened in 1975 at Knott's Berry Farm. Corkscrew is the name of a Roller coaster formerly located at Knott's Berry Farm and currently located at Silverwood. Knott's Berry Farm is a brand name of two separate entities in the United States: a Theme park in Buena Park California, and a manufacturer of food In 1989, the ride was relocated to Silverwood where it continues to operate today. Silverwood Theme Park is an Amusement park located in northern Idaho, United States near the town of Athol on highway US 95
An interesting note is that B&M design their corkscrews so that the train "snaps" through the top of the inversion, whereas Arrow Dynamics and Vekoma design their corkscrews with constant curvature.
See also Screw axis. The screw axis ( helical axis or twist axis) of an Object is a Parameter for describing Simultaneous Rotation and Translation
Cutback
A cutback is a roller coaster inversion similar to a corkscrew, except that the two half-corkscrews are in opposite directions so that the train exits the inversion in the same direction from which it entered. Roller coasters are composed of various elements, the individual parts of the design and operation such as a track hill loop turn etc The defunct Drachen Fire at Busch Gardens Europe, Williamsburg, VA was the only roller coaster to have a cutback inversion. Busch Gardens Europe is a Theme park located in James City County, Virginia about 3 miles (5 km southeast of Williamsburg. Roller coaster designs today tend to incorporate overbanked turns, which are a much more fluid way of performing an exciting turn than cutbacks. Drachen Fire was closed on July 11, 1998, and subsequently demolished.
Diving loop
A diving loop (also, dive loop) is a type of B&M roller coaster inversion whose inspiration was taken from a stunt plane maneuver. Dragon Khan is a steel sit-down Roller coaster located in the PortAventura theme park in Salou, Catalonia, Spain. PortAventura is a Theme park in the Holiday resort of Salou, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain, on the Costa Daurada Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Maneuver, manoeuvre (or seldomly manoeuver) may be Military or naval movement Military maneuver aka Military exercise In this inversion, the track twists upwards and to the side, and then dives toward the ground in a half-vertical loop. History The vertical loop is not a recent roller coaster innovation This element is seen on B&M sit-down, stand-up and floorless coasters. A stand-up roller coaster is a Roller coaster designed to have the passengers stand through the course of the ride The floorless roller coaster is a fairly new concept brought forth by coaster manufacturers Bolliger & Mabillard. Arrow and Vekoma use a similar element known as a Reverse Sidewinder. Just as a Dive Loop is the reverse form of an Immelmann loop, the Reverse Sidewinder is the reverse form of a Sidewinder element (Arrow and Vekoma's version of an Immelmann). It can be seen Arrow's Cyclone at Dreamworld in Australia (Formerly Big Dipper at Luna Park) and Vekoma's Ninja at Six Flags over Georgia near Atlanta (Formerly Kamikaze at Dinosaur Beach).
Inclined Diving Loop
An inclined diving loop is similar too a dive loop although it is exited at an angle instead of vertically. It is essentialy a dive loop that has been tilted. The only example is on Hydra at Dorney park. Hydra the Revenge is a steel floorless Roller coaster at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in South Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom is an amusement and Water park located in South Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania, just outside of Allentown
Heartline roll
A heartline roll is a roller coaster inversion in which the rider performs a 360-degree roll. Heartline rolls are commonly confused with inline twists. Roller coasters are composed of various elements, the individual parts of the design and operation such as a track hill loop turn etc
In a heartline roll, the center of the train rotates on one axis. The track itself changes in elevation so as to keep the train moving in the same line in which it started the element. In an inline twist, the track with the 360-degree twist remains straight. Roller coasters are composed of various elements, the individual parts of the design and operation such as a track hill loop turn etc As such, the train moves downward and then back up during the twist. In some cases, such as Vekoma's Flying Dutchman coaster, the degree to which the train deviates from the line in which it enters the twist is so great, the element is indistinguishable from a corkscrew. The Flying Dutchman, according to Folklore, is a Ghost ship that can never go home and is doomed to sail the oceans forever
There is also some confusion over the difference between a heartline roll and a zero-g roll. Roller coasters are composed of various elements, the individual parts of the design and operation such as a track hill loop turn etc A zero-g roll is basically a standard hill with a 360 degree twist at the top. The trains ascend, twist, and then descend again (providing a brief moment of airtime). In a heartline roll, once again, the trains do not leave the line from which they entered the inversion.
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Immelmann loop
An Immelmann loop (colloquially, "Immelmann") is a popular inversion found on many roller coasters. In an Immelmann, riders enter a half loop and then go through a half twist and curve out in the opposite direction in which they came. The inversion is very similar to the sidewinder. A sidewinder consists of a half loop and a half corkscrew, and comes out closer to 90°, while the Immelman comes out in more of a straight line back to where it started. An Immelmann traveled in reverse is a diving loop. Roller coasters are composed of various elements, the individual parts of the design and operation such as a track hill loop turn etc It is most commonly found on B&M roller coasters.
The name "Immelmann" comes from Max Immelmann, a German pilot, who created the similar aircraft maneuver in World War I (see Immelmann turn). } Max Immelmann ( September 21, 1890 – June 18, 1916) was a German World War I Flying ace. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Immelmann turn refers to two quite different Aircraft maneuvers
Inline twist
An inline twist is a roller coaster inversion in which the rider performs a 360-degree roll. The inline twist is often found on flying coasters, such as Air, Batwing, Superman: Ultimate Flight, and Firehawk (formerly X-Flight at Geauga Lake) at Kings Island. A flying roller coaster is a variation of Roller coaster meant to simulate the sensations of flight Air is a steel flying Roller coaster located in the Forbidden Valley area of Alton Towers in Staffordshire, Batwing is a flying Steel roller coaster at Six Flags America in Prince George's County Maryland. Superman Ultimate Flight is a steel flying Roller coaster manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard that has been distributed at three Geauga Lake's Wildwater Kingdom is a Waterpark located in Aurora, Ohio, United States, originally founded in 1888 as Geauga Lake Kings Island is a 364-acre (15 km² Theme park located in the city of Mason, in Warren County Ohio, USA. It can also be confused with a heartline roll. In a heartline roll the center of the train rotates on one axis so the height of the average rider's heart never changes, whereas during an inline twist the train rotates around the track and there is usually little to no elevation difference in the track. Inline twists are sometimes also known as "barrel rolls".
Interlocking corkscrews
Interlocking corkscrews are a type of roller coaster inversion found on B&M coasters. In this inversion, two separate corkscrews spin around each other; one turns riders upside down over the other. Despite being close to each other, the two corkscrews are not necessarily taken consecutively.
Examples of coasters with interlocking corkscrews:
- Nemesis Inferno at Thorpe Park is the only inverted coaster to feature interlocking corkscrews on the same track. Nemesis Inferno is a steel Inverted roller coaster, themed around an erupting tropical Volcano, in the Thorpe Park Amusement park Thorpe Park is a theme park located in Surrey, United Kingdom. (On another inverted coaster, Dueling Dragons at Universal Studios' Islands of Adventure, one corkscrew on the "Fire" track interlocks with the corkscrew on "Ice. Dueling Dragons is a pair of dueling Roller coasters at Universal Studios ' Islands of Adventure. Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American ")
- Kumba at Busch Gardens Africa
- Medusa at Six Flags Great Adventure
Interlocking loops
Interlocking loops are an element which consists of two vertical loops. Kumba is a Roller coaster at Busch Gardens Africa (in Tampa Florida) Medusa is a steel Roller coaster located at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson NJ. The Loch Ness Monster is a fairly large roller coaster located in the Scotland hamlet of Busch Gardens Europe (formerly known as Busch Gardens Williamsburg History The vertical loop is not a recent roller coaster innovation This element has been used on only two complete-circuit roller coasters. The first was Loch Ness Monster at Busch Gardens Europe, and the second was Orient Express at Worlds of Fun. The Loch Ness Monster is a fairly large roller coaster located in the Scotland hamlet of Busch Gardens Europe (formerly known as Busch Gardens Williamsburg The Orient Express was a Steel roller coaster at the Worlds of Fun Amusement park in Kansas City Missouri. A pair of shuttle coasters, Lightnin' Loops at Six Flags Great Adventure, also had interlocking loops. A shuttle roller coaster is any Roller coaster that ultimately does not make a complete circuit but rather reverses at some point throughout its course and traverses the same Lightnin' Loops was a dual interlocking track Arrow Dynamics Shuttle Loop Roller coaster at Six Flags Great Adventure. With the closing of Orient Express and Lightnin' Loops, Loch Ness Monster is the only coaster in the world to have this element.
Norwegian loop
A Norwegian loop is an element made out of two elements: a Dive Loop, then an Immelmann; forming an inversion that looks like two side by side loops. This element is similar to the flying coasters pretzel loop, except that the train goes through a twist when entering and exiting the loop. It may also been seen as a normal loop entered from the top. It was first introduced on Speed Monster in TusenFryd, Norway. Speed Monster is a launched Roller coaster located at the Norwegian theme park TusenFryd. Tusenfryd (lit "Thousand Joys" also common daisy) is an Amusement park at Vinterbro, Norway. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional [2]
Overbanked turn
An overbanked turn is an element common on large steel roller coasters, particularly those built by Intamin AG of Switzerland. Intamin AG is a designing and manufacturing company in Wollerau, Switzerland. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation This element is a turn or curve in which the track tilts beyond 90 degrees, usually in the 100-120 degree range. Two examples of an overbanked turn in the United States are the first turn-around on Superman: Ride of Steel at Six Flags New England, and Millennium Force at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, which features three separate overbanked turns. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This page is for the roller coaster at Six Flags America. For the Superman Ride of Steel at Six Flags New England, see Superman - Ride of Steel (Six Flags New England Six Flags New England, or SFNE, is a Theme park in the Six Flags chain of parks named for the New England region in which it is located Millennium Force is a steel Roller coaster located at Cedar Point in Sandusky, Ohio, and was built by Intamin AG Cedar Point is a 364 acre (15 km² Amusement park located in Sandusky, Ohio, U
Pretzel loop
The pretzel loop is a large inversion found on B&M flying coasters. Tatsu is a steel flying Roller coaster operating at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California. It consists of a downward half loop and upward half loop. Since they overlap at the top, the entrance and exit points create the look of a pretzel, hence the name; however, the pretzel shape is only visible from one particular viewpoint. A pretzel is a bread pastry of German origin that has the shape of a three looped Knot or twisted braid
There are only six roller coasters that include the pretzel loop: the trio of Superman: Ultimate Flight roller coasters (all 3 of which have the same layout) at Six Flags Great Adventure, Six Flags Over Georgia, and Six Flags Great America; Crystal Wings at Happy Valley (which is also a clone of Superman); and "Viper" and Tatsu at Six Flags Magic Mountain. Six Flags Over Georgia is a 230-acre theme park located west of Atlanta, in Austell Georgia. Six Flags Great America is the Chicago metropolitan area's Six Flags Theme park located in Gurnee Illinois. VIPeR is a Military robot developed by the Israeli company Elbit Systems and intended for use in warfare Tatsu is a steel flying Roller coaster operating at Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California. Six Flags Magic Mountain is an Amusement park located in Valencia, California north of Los Angeles. While going through a pretzel loop, the rider is upside down at the beginning and on their back and going backwards at the bottom. The rider then regains normal flying position at the exit of the loop.
Raven turn
A raven turn is a ½ inversion on a roller coaster which looks like half a loop followed by a drop and then levels out near the same height as it began. The raven turn is only usable on either flying roller coasters or 4D roller coasters at the moment and has, so far, only been used on two 4D coasters. A 4th Dimension roller coaster is a style of Roller coaster whereby riders are positioned either side of the track in seats capable of spinning about a horizontal axis [3]
The general term "Raven Turn" refers to any inversion that follows the design described above however there are two types of raven turn. Assuming the train is going round the half-loop first, an "Inside Raven Turn" is where the rails are below the train at the start whereas an "Outside Raven Turn" is one such that the rails are above the train at the start of the element. [4]
Roll out
A roll out is similar to a sidewinder. However, while a sidewinder consists of a half loop followed by a half corkscrew, a roll out consists of a launch into an extended vertical section proceeding into a quarter loop and a loose half-corkscrew. As of 2008, the roll out element is unique to Volcano, The Blast Coaster at Kings Dominion,[5] where it takes the ride to its highest point (155 feet) and is known as the inversion where riders are blasted out of the former Lost World mountain. Volcano The Blast Coaster, or "Volcano" is the launched Inverted roller coaster at Kings Dominion. Kings Dominion is a amusement park located in Doswell in Hanover County 23 miles (37 km north of Richmond Virginia and 83 miles (134 km south of
Sea serpent roll
A Sea Serpent Roll (Vekoma: Roll Over), is a roller coaster inversion related to the cobra roll, except the two halves face in opposite directions. It can also be viewed as a Reverse Sidewinder followed by a Sidewinder. The trains exit the track element in the same direction as they entered, unlike a Cobra Roll in which the trains get turned around 180°.
The sea serpent roll is not as common as many other inversions, like the vertical loop, corkscrew, or cobra roll. It is a common element on most Suspended Looping Coasters. Six Flags Discovery Kingdom's Medusa was the first roller coaster with a sea serpent.
Top hat
A top hat is an element common to launched coasters. Kingda Ka is a Roller coaster located at Six Flags Great Adventure in Jackson Township New Jersey, USA. Six Flags Great Adventure is a Theme park in Jackson Township, New Jersey, located 67 miles from New York City, 60 miles from Newark A standard top hat consists of what is essentially a hill with a 90 degree ascent and descent, the train exits going in same the direction from which it entered. The track twists and the train does not go upside down.
In a top hat inversion, also called an inside top hat, when the train approaches the top of the "hat", it makes a 90 degree twist so that it is on the inside of the element (hence the name), and once it reaches top hat's apex the train is upside down under the track. Mr Freeze is a Steel roller coaster located at Six Flags Over Texas in Arlington Texas. Six Flags Over Texas is a major Amusement park located in Arlington, Texas ( USA) east of Fort Worth and about west of Dallas
Twisted horseshoe roll
A twisted horseshoe roll is a roller coaster element in which there are two inversions (much like a cobra roll or batwing). Maverick is a linear synchronous motor -launched steel complete-circuit Roller coaster at Cedar Point in Sandusky Ohio. Cedar Point is a 364 acre (15 km² Amusement park located in Sandusky, Ohio, U Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Roller coasters are composed of various elements, the individual parts of the design and operation such as a track hill loop turn etc It begins with a clockwise corkscrew, a 180 degree banked turn, and ends a second corkscrew, this one going counter-clockwise.
Despite having a similar name, this element bears no real resemblance to the roller coaster element known as a horseshoe.
The only roller coaster in existence with such an inversion is Maverick at Cedar Point, which opened in 2007. Maverick is a linear synchronous motor -launched steel complete-circuit Roller coaster at Cedar Point in Sandusky Ohio.
Wraparound corkscrew
The wraparound corkscrew is a roller coaster inversion by Arrow Dynamics. It begins as a corkscrew, then transforms into a 180-degree downwards curve. The defunct Drachen Fire at Busch Gardens Williamsburg was the only coaster to ever have a wraparound corkscrew; this element was incorporated into the coaster’s first drop. Busch Gardens is the name of two Amusement parks in the United States, and a planned amusement park in Dubai, owned and operated by Busch Entertainment Drachen Fire has since been demolished.
Vertical loop
The generic roller coaster vertical loop is the most basic of roller coaster inversions. History The vertical loop is not a recent roller coaster innovation A roller coaster inversion is an element of a Roller coaster track that turns riders upside-down and then rights them Specifically, the loop refers to a continuously upward-sloping section of track that eventually results in a complete 360 degree circle. At the top-most piece of the loop, riders are completely inverted.
Inclined vertical loop
An inclined loop is a 360° loop that has been tilted. It is not entered vertically, like a vertical loop, or horizontally like a helix. Instead, it is usually entered at an angle between 45° and 80°. In other words, it is a normal loop except for the fact that it is leaning to one side. The inclined loop can be found on B&M stand-up roller coasters, and Top Fun sit down roller coasters. A stand-up roller coaster is a Roller coaster designed to have the passengers stand through the course of the ride
Examples of roller Coasters with inclined loops
- Mantis at Cedar Point
- Chang at Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom
- Riddler's Revenge at Six Flags Magic Mountain
Zero-G roll
A zero-g roll is a roller coaster inversion found on B&M, sit-down, and floorless. Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom, located in Louisville Kentucky, is the ninth Amusement park to use the Six Flags name The Incredible Hulk Coaster is a Steel roller coaster located in Universal's Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida, USA. Universal's Islands of Adventure is a Theme park located in Orlando, Florida. Orlando is a major City in central Florida, USA and is the County seat of Orange County Florida. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the On inverted coasters, this inversion is alternately called a "heartline spin" because its center of gravity is placed on the center of the rider's heart. On sit-down and floorless coasters, it is alternately called a Spiraling Camelback. The name for the roll comes from that fact that the rider feels a zero g-force, giving the feeling of weightlessness. g-force (also G-force, g-load) is a measurement of an object's Acceleration expressed in g s Weightlessness is a phenomenon experienced by people during Free-fall.
Essentially, a zero G roll is a hill with a 360 degree twist in the middle.
There is confusion over the difference between a zero-g roll and a heartline roll. In a heartline roll, there is no change in elevation as contrasted to the zero-g roll, which is often called a camelback because the track goes upwards, twists, and comes back down.
References
- ^ "Batwing". Glossary. Roller Coaster Database. Retrieved on 2007-09-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt.
- ^ "Norwegian Loop". Glossary. Roller Coaster DataBase. Retrieved on 2007-09-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the
- ^ "Raven Turn". Glossary. Roller Coaster Database. Retrieved on 2007-09-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt.
- ^ COASTER-net.com v8 > Ride Gallery > X, Six Flags Magic Mountain. Retrieved on 2007-01-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army
- ^ Roller Coaster Search Results
External links
The Roller Coaster DataBase ( RCDB) is a web site with an extensive Roller coaster and Amusement park Database.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic