Rohan, is a fictional realm in J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy era of Middle-earth. Tolkien's Legendarium (ISBN 0-313-30530-7 is a collection of scholarly essays edited by Verlyn Flieger and Carl F In J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth, the Rohirrim were a Horse people, settling in the land of Rohan, named after them Gondor is a fictional kingdom in J R R Tolkien 's writings described as the greatest realm of Men in the west of Middle-earth by the end of the This is a list of kings of Rohan from the Fictional universe of Middle-earth by J The race of Men in J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth books such as The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, refers to Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting Middle-earth refers to the fictional lands where most of the stories of author J It is also referred to as Riddermark or The Mark. (The Mark is believed to have been the Mercian name for the Anglian Kingdom of Mercia. Mercia (ˈmɝsiə was one of the kingdoms of the Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. ) The realm is of significant importance in the author's most famous book, The Lord of the Rings. The Lord of the Rings is an epic

Rohan is a grassland which lies north of its ally Gondor and north-west of Mordor, the realm of Sauron, their enemy (see maps of Middle-earth). Gondor is a fictional kingdom in J R R Tolkien 's writings described as the greatest realm of Men in the west of Middle-earth by the end of the In J R R Tolkien 's Fictional universe of Middle-earth, Mordor (from Sindarin Black Land and Quenya Land of Shadow Sauron (ˈsaʊrɒn Quenya: /sawrɔn/ literal meaning "Abhorred") is the title character and the principal Antagonist of the Fantasy Middle-earth refers to the fictional lands where most of the stories of author J It is inhabited by the Rohirrim, a people of herdsmen and farmers who are well-known for their horses and cavalry. In J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth, the Rohirrim were a Horse people, settling in the land of Rohan, named after them A herder is a worker who lives a possibly semi- Nomadic life caring for various domestic Animals in places where these animals wander Pasture lands The Cavalry (from French cavalerie) is the second oldest of the Combat Arms, and as Soldiers or Warriors who fought mounted on

Conceptualized as the "Horse Kings of Rohan" allied with Gondor in early drafts of 1939, the Rohirrim took their final form in 1942 when about one third of The Lord of the Rings was completed. Gondor is a fictional kingdom in J R R Tolkien 's writings described as the greatest realm of Men in the west of Middle-earth by the end of the

Culture

The Uffington White Horse, whence the banner of Rohan - a "white horse upon green" - may have been derived. The Uffington White Horse is a highly stylised Prehistoric Hill figure, 374 feet (110 m long cut into the turf of the upper slopes of White ^[1]

The Dúnedain of Gondor and the Rohirrim were distantly related (having descended from the Atanatári or Edain of the First Age), and the people of Gondor describe the Rohirrim as Middle Men, inferior to the Númenóreans in both culture and descent, but superior to the Men of Darkness who had worshipped and served Sauron — and this is stated as fact in The Lord of the Rings, but contradicted in later writings. In J R R Tolkien 's Legendarium, the Dúnedain (singular Dúnadan, "man of the west" were a race of Men descended from In the fiction of J R R Tolkien, Atanatári is a Quenya term which means "Fathers of Men " and is used to describe the forefathers of Adan redirects here Adan is also the name of a governorate of Yemen. The Lord of the Rings is an epic

In any case, they did not go to Beleriand like the Edain who were later rewarded with the island of Númenor by the Valar. In J R R Tolkien 's fictional legendarium, Beleriand was a region in northwestern Middle-earth during the First Age. Númenor (ˈnuːmɛnɔɹ is a Fictional place in J R R Tolkien 's writings which the author intended to be an allusion to the legendary Atlantis. The Valar (singular Vala) are characters in J R R Tolkien 's legendarium. The ancestors of the Rohirrim were known as the Éothéod and were given the province of Calenardhon by Gondor after the Battle of the Field of Celebrant. In the fiction of J R R Tolkien, the Éothéod (horse-people also horse-land were a race of Northmen who were the ancestors of the Rohirrim. J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth fantasy writings include many wars and battles set in the lands of Aman, Beleriand, Númenor, and

The people of Rohan were tall, fair, pale, and mostly had blue eyes and blond hair which they wore long and braided. Almost all male Rohirrim wore beards. They were by nature stern, fierce and grave yet generous.

They are proud and willful, but they are true-hearted, generous in thought and deed; bold but not cruel; wise but unlearned, writing no books but singing many songs, after the manner of the children of Men before the Dark Years. — The Lord of the Rings, The Two Towers

The Rohirrim had had contacts with Elves in their ancient history, and knew of Eru (God), but like the Dúnedain they did not worship him in any temples. The Lord of the Rings is an epic The Two Towers is the second volume of J R R Tolkien 's High fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings. Eru as Creator The Quendi (ie Elves) and the Atani (ie Men) were created by Eru God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. They seem to have venerated the Vala Oromë the Hunter, whom they called Béma. The Valar (singular Vala) are characters in J R R Tolkien 's legendarium.

In response to a query about clothing styles in Middle-earth, Tolkien wrote:

The Rohirrim were not "medieval", in our sense. The styles of the Bayeux Tapestry (made in England) fit them well enough, if one remembers that the kind of tennis-nets [the] soldiers seem to have on are only a clumsy conventional sign for chainmail of small rings. The Bayeux Tapestry (Tapisserie de Bayeux is a 50 cm by 70 m (20 in by 230 ft long embroidered cloth which explains the events leading up to the 1066 Norman invasion of ^[2]

Horses and warfare

The Rohirrim were famous as skilled cavalry and breeders.

The armies of Rohan were almost exclusively horsemen, divided into irregular units termed éoreds, which could include up to 2,000 riders. Rohan's armies were more of a very well-trained militia called upon in times of war, with the actual standing army relatively small. They are described as armed with long spears, longswords, light helms, round shield, and mail armour.

In time of war, every able man was obliged to join the Muster of Rohan. They were also bound by the Oath of Eorl to help Gondor in times of peril, and the latter asked for their aid through the giving of the Red Arrow. This is a list of kings of Rohan from the Fictional universe of Middle-earth by J The following list of weapons and armour of Middle-earth includes all weaponry and Armour directly taken from J Also, the Rohirrim could be notified to aid Gondor by the lighting of the warning beacons of Gondor, a line of beacon fires on the White Mountains that were constantly manned. In J R R Tolkien 's Fictional universe of Middle-earth, the warning beacons of Gondor were an alarm system for the realm of Gondor. In times of war, the starting beacon at Amon Din would be lit, until the last one could be noticed in Edoras.

Among the horses of the Rohirrim were the famed mearas, the noblest and fastest horses who have ever roamed Arda; Felaróf was the greatest of all mearas. This is a list of all animals that appear in J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth legendarium In J R R Tolkien 's Legendarium, Arda is the name given to the Earth in a period of prehistory wherein the places mentioned in The Lord of the Rings This is a list of all animals that appear in J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth legendarium

It was because of the close affiliation with horses, both in war and peace, that they received their now famous name. Rohirrim (or more properly Rochirrim) is Sindarin for "Horse-lords," and Rohan (or Rochand) means "Land of the Horse-lords. Sindarin is an Artificial language developed by J R R Tolkien. " These names were devised by Hallas, son of Cirion the Steward. Hallas is in J R R Tolkien 's fictional universe of Middle-earth the thirteenth Ruling Steward of Gondor. The Oath of Cirion and Eorl Cirion was a wise man and foresaw the benefit of maintaining an alliance with the Éothéod

Language

The Rohirrim's language is Rohirric. It is, like many languages of Men, akin to Adûnaic, the language of the Edain, and therefore to the Westron or Common Speech. The race of Men in J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth books such as The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings, refers to In the fiction of J R R Tolkien, Adûnaic ("language of the west" was the language of the Men of Númenor during the Second Age Westron, or the Common Speech, is an Artificial language developed by J

The Rohirrim call their homeland the Ridenna-mearc, the Riddermark or Éo-marc, the Horse-mark, also simply the Mark and call themselves the Eorlingas, the Sons of Eorl. Mark from the Old English mearc and march (or various plural forms of these words derived from the Frankish word marka ("boundary" This is a list of kings of Rohan from the Fictional universe of Middle-earth by J In the original Rohirric the name for their land is Lôgrad, with the element "lô-"/"loh-" corresponding to Anglo-Saxon "éo", horse.

Rohirric bears a similar relationship to Westron, the Common Speech of Middle-earth, as that of Old English to modern English, and so Tolkien rendered Rohirric names and phrases into Old English (English of the Anglo-Saxon period), just as the Common Speech is translated into English. Westron, or the Common Speech, is an Artificial language developed by J Westron, or the Common Speech, is an Artificial language developed by J Examples include words such as mearas (another Old English word for "horses", which survives into Modern English as "mares") and éored. Tolkien was a philologist, with a special interest in Germanic languages. See Comparative linguistics for the narrower field of "comparative philology" The Germanic languages are a group of related languages that constitute a branch of the Indo-European (IE Language family.

Many archaic Hobbit names bear similarities to Rohirric, since the ancestors of the Shire hobbits lived on the upper reaches of the Anduin, close to the ancestors of the Rohirrim, and there was apparently a good deal of linguistic cross-fertilization. In J R R Tolkien 's legendarium, Hobbits are a diminutive race that inhabit the lands of Middle-earth. The Shire is a region of J R R Tolkien 's fictional Middle-earth, described in The Lord of the Rings and other works In J R R Tolkien 's fictional Middle-earth, Anduin is the Sindarin name for the Great River of Wilderland, the longest River The name Hobbit itself is believed to be derived from the Rohirric Holbytlan (hole builders). These names are also translations of the original Westron Kuduk (Hobbit) and Rohirric kûd-dûkan (hole dweller).

History

In the thirteenth century of the Third Age (T. The Third Age is a time period from J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth fantasy writings A. ), the Kings of Gondor made close alliances with the Northmen of Rhovanion, a people said in The Lord of the Rings to be akin to the Three Houses of Men (later the Dúnedain) from the First Age. In the fiction of J R R Tolkien, Rhovanion or Wilderland was a large region of northern Middle-earth. Adan redirects here Adan is also the name of a governorate of Yemen. In J R R Tolkien 's Legendarium, the Dúnedain (singular Dúnadan, "man of the west" were a race of Men descended from In the fiction of J R R Tolkien, the First Age, or First Age of the Children of Ilúvatar in full is the first documented time period and the setting

In the twenty-first century, a remnant tribe of such Northmen calling itself the Éothéod moved from the valleys of Anduin to the north west of Mirkwood, clearing out what remained of the recently defeated witch kingdom of Angmar, east of the Misty Mountains. In the fiction of J R R Tolkien, the Éothéod (horse-people also horse-land were a race of Northmen who were the ancestors of the Rohirrim. In J R R Tolkien 's fictional Middle-earth, Anduin is the Sindarin name for the Great River of Wilderland, the longest River Mirkwood is a name used for two distinct fictional forests in J Angmar ( Sindarin: 'Iron-home' ˈaŋgmar is a fictional kingdom in J In J R R Tolkien 's Fantasy world of Middle-earth, the Misty Mountains (also known by its Sindarin name of Hithaeglir While there, some dispute arose between them and the Dwarves over the treasure-hoard of Scatha the dragon. J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth Legendarium features dragons closely based on those of European legend

Later, in 2509, Cirion the Steward of Gondor sent summons to the Éothéod for aid in throwing off a combined invasion of Men from the north east of Middle-earth, and Orcs from Mordor. The Oath of Cirion and Eorl Cirion was a wise man and foresaw the benefit of maintaining an alliance with the Éothéod The Stewards of Gondor were rulers from J R R Tolkien 's legendarium of Middle-earth. In J R R Tolkien 's Fantasy writings Orcs or Orks are a race of creatures who are used as soldiers and henchmen by both the greater and lesser villains In J R R Tolkien 's Fictional universe of Middle-earth, Mordor (from Sindarin Black Land and Quenya Land of Shadow

Eorl the Young, king of the Éothéod, answered the summons, and arrived unexpected at a decisive battle at the Field of Celebrant, routing the orc army, and then destroying it as it fled. This is a list of kings of Rohan from the Fictional universe of Middle-earth by J

As a reward, Eorl was given the plains of Calenardhon, and he moved his kingdom there. This land had earlier been part of Gondor proper, but had been devastated by the plague of 1636, and the survivors to a large extent slain in the invasion mentioned above. Middle-earth refers to the fictional lands where most of the stories of author J

The first line of kings lasted for 249 years, until the ninth king Helm Hammerhand died. Helm Hammerhand is a fictional character in J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth Legendarium. His sons had been killed earlier, and his nephew Fréaláf Hildeson began the second line of kings, which lasted until the end of the Third Age. This is a list of kings of Rohan from the Fictional universe of Middle-earth by J

In 2758, Rohan was invaded by Dunlendings under Wulf, son of Freca, of mixed Dunland and Rohan blood. In the fiction of J R R Tolkien, Dunland was a place in north-west Middle-earth, the land of the Men called Dunlendings The King, Helm Hammerhand, took refuge in the Hornburg until aid from Gondor and Dunharrow (a refuge of the Rohirrim) arrived a year later and defeated the invaders. Dunharrow is a Fictional place from J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth Legendarium.

It was soon after this that Saruman arrived and took over Isengard, and was welcomed as a strong ally, since it would take Rohan close to 200 years to recover its strength after the invasion. Concept and creation Saruman first appears in 1954's The Fellowship of the Ring, the first volume of the Fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings For the assault on Isengard by the Ents see Destruction of Isengard.

In 3014, Saruman began using his influence to weaken the King, Théoden, as part of a campaign to invade or take over the kingdom. Early life Théoden was the only son of King Thengel and Morwen of Lossarnach (a region of Gondor) In 3019, he launched a great invasion of Rohan, with victory in the two first battles (at the Fords of Isen; Théoden's son, Théodred was killed during these attacks) and defeat at the Battle of the Hornburg, where the Huorns came to the aid of the Rohirrim. In J R R Tolkien 's Fictional universe of Middle-earth, the Fords of Isen were fords in the river Isen, guarded by the Rohirrim Théodred ( TA 2978–3019 is a fictional character in The Lord of the Rings by J The Battle of the Hornburg is a fictional Battle in J R R Tolkien 's novel The Lord of the Rings. The Huorns are a fictional race from J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth.

On the heels of this victory, Théoden rode with an army to Minas Tirith and helped break its siege in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields, where he was slain. Early life Théoden was the only son of King Thengel and Morwen of Lossarnach (a region of Gondor) This article is about the city in the Third Age. For the First Age tower of the same name see Minas Tirith (First Age. In J R R Tolkien 's fantasy fiction, the Battle of the Pelennor Fields is the battle for the city of Minas Tirith between the forces of Gondor Éomer, the nephew of King Théoden, then took up the reign, beginning the third line. Appearances Literature Éomer of the House of Eorl, was the son of Théodwyn and Éomund, a Chief Marshal of the Riddermark. Early life Théoden was the only son of King Thengel and Morwen of Lossarnach (a region of Gondor) Éomer rode with the armies of Gondor to the Black Gate of Mordor and took part in the Battle of the Morannon against the forces of Sauron, who were defeated when the Ruling Ring was destroyed. Appearances Literature Éomer of the House of Eorl, was the son of Théodwyn and Éomund, a Chief Marshal of the Riddermark. Gondor is a fictional kingdom in J R R Tolkien 's writings described as the greatest realm of Men in the west of Middle-earth by the end of the In J R R Tolkien 's Legendarium, the Battle of the Morannon or Battle of the Black Gate is a fictional event that took place at the end of the Sauron (ˈsaʊrɒn Quenya: /sawrɔn/ literal meaning "Abhorred") is the title character and the principal Antagonist of the Fantasy

The rule of the stewards of Gondor was then over. King Éomer and the new king of Gondor, Elessar (Aragorn), renewed their oath of alliance, and reaffirmed Cirion's grant of Calenardhon to the Rohirrim.

In the Fourth Age, Rohan remained in peaceful coexistence with the Reunited Kingdom. It became the site of routes where Elves migrated from their eastern kingdoms to Lindon to leave Middle-earth. A few remained behind to help in the reconstruction of Rohan. A Dwarven community developed in the caves of Helm's Deep, which became prosperous from its mining of precious materials.

See also

Timeline of Arda

Politics

Rohan was an absolute monarchy. This article includes several chronologies relating to J R R Tolkien 's Legendarium. Absolute monarchy is a monarchical Form of government where the king and queen have absolute power over everything The King led the army during wartime. The country was divided into districts, such as the Eastfold and the Westfold, led by Marshals, though it is not clear whether their functions extended beyond the purely military.

Alliance with Gondor

The alliance between Rohan and Gondor came into existence in the year 2510 of the Third Age. The Third Age is a time period from J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth fantasy writings In that year the Easterlings launched a massive invasion of Gondor. In the fiction of J R R Tolkien, " Easterling " and " Easterlings " were generic terms for Men who lived in the east of Middle-earth The army of Gondor was defeated and trapped between the Limlight and the Celebrant. Gondor, which had always been on friendly terms with the different tribes of the Northmen, sent messengers to the closest tribe, the Éothéod. Norsemen is used to refer to the group of people as a whole who speak one of the North Germanic languages as their native language In the fiction of J R R Tolkien, the Éothéod (horse-people also horse-land were a race of Northmen who were the ancestors of the Rohirrim. Although it was unlikely that the message calling for aid would come through, it did. Then Eorl the Young and his fierce Éothéod Riders unexpectedly took the field during the Battle of Celebrant and turned the tide in the favour of Gondor. This is a list of kings of Rohan from the Fictional universe of Middle-earth by J As a reward Cirion, the Steward of Gondor, gave Eorl the depopulated province of Calenardhon for his people to settle, while fulfilling Gondor's need for a strong ally. The Oath of Cirion and Eorl Cirion was a wise man and foresaw the benefit of maintaining an alliance with the Éothéod The Stewards of Gondor were rulers from J R R Tolkien 's legendarium of Middle-earth. The Oath of Eorl was sworn by both Cirion and Eorl. This is a list of kings of Rohan from the Fictional universe of Middle-earth by J Neither nation has ever broken the alliance ever since. Rohan has gone through great lengths to fulfil their part of the treaty including sacrificing two of its heirs when Gondor was under threat from the Haradrim in 2885, when Fastred and Folcred, the twin sons of King Folcwine, were killed during the Battle of Crossings of Poros. In J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth Legendarium, Fastred is the son of Folcwine, the fourteenth king of Rohan. In J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth Legendarium, Folcred is one of the four children of the Rohan King Folcwine. This is a list of kings of Rohan from the Fictional universe of Middle-earth by J Middle-earth, the main setting of J R R Tolkien 's legendarium King Théoden once again honoured the alliance in the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. Early life Théoden was the only son of King Thengel and Morwen of Lossarnach (a region of Gondor) In J R R Tolkien 's fantasy fiction, the Battle of the Pelennor Fields is the battle for the city of Minas Tirith between the forces of Gondor

War with the Dunlendings

To the west of Rohan lived the Dunlendings, a native people who had been hostile against the Free Peoples for a long time. In the fiction of J R R Tolkien, Dunland was a place in north-west Middle-earth, the land of the Men called Dunlendings The Dunlending Wulf briefly usurped of the throne of Rohan during the long winter. In J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth legendarium, Wulf was a Dunlending lord who for a while ruled Rohan. Wulf was also the commander of the Dunlendings and led them on constant raids upon the towns and cities of Rohan.

Rumours of tributes paid to Sauron

During the early days of the War of the Ring, rumours were spread that the Rohirrim supplied Sauron's armies with horses. In the fictional Fantasy -world of J R R Tolkien, the War of the Ring was fought between Sauron and the free peoples of Middle-earth These rumours were obviously false: the Rohirrim valued their horses more than anything, and would never send them away, even as tribute. Still these rumours had some effect, in that they obscured the fact it was Saruman who had fallen, rather than Rohan. The basis of the rumour was that Sauron's Orcs stole many of Rohan's black horses during raids, thus making black horses rare; however, this was theft, which angered the people of Rohan. In J R R Tolkien 's Fantasy writings Orcs or Orks are a race of creatures who are used as soldiers and henchmen by both the greater and lesser villains

Wormtongue

When King Théoden began to grow old, he took as an advisor Gríma, later called Wormtongue. Gríma, called (the Wormtongue, is a fictional character in J Gríma quickly became Théoden's chief advisor, but unknown to all he was secretly working for Saruman. Concept and creation Saruman first appears in 1954's The Fellowship of the Ring, the first volume of the Fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings Gríma played on Théoden's fears to further weaken the strength of the king and all of Rohan, always advising retreat where an attack was needed. He may have also begun poisoning the king at this time. This nearly proved disastrous for Rohan, and also for Gondor, by robbing them of their strongest ally in the north. Gríma Wormtongue's plans were not revealed until Gandalf arrived in Edoras during the War of the Ring. Concept and creation Humphrey Carpenter in his 1977 biography relates that Tolkien owned a Postcard entitled Der Berggeist ("the mountain

Inspiration

Several aspects of Rohan's culture and history seem to be inspired by the Goths, Norse and the Anglo-Saxons. The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s Norsemen is used to refer to the group of people as a whole who speak one of the North Germanic languages as their native language For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south

Just like the Germanic Ostrogoths, Rohirric culture was a mounted culture. The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late It had separated from the Northmen, moved south, and had settled in close proximity with a civilization. J R R Tolkien adopted the term Northmen in his fiction his "Northmen" were Men that lived in the north of Rhovanion in Middle-earth In the Goths' case it was the Byzantine Empire and in the case of the Rohirrim, it was Gondor. The Rohirrim refer to Minas Tirith as "Mundburg", just as the Norsemen called Constantinople "Miklagarðr". This article is about the city in the Third Age. For the First Age tower of the same name see Minas Tirith (First Age. Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS

The Hervarar saga in particular, with its Mirkwood, Gothic horsemen and shieldmaidens, appears to have inspired Tolkien when creating the Rohirrim, although he exchanged the Gothic tongue with Anglo-Saxon. Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks is a Legendary saga from the 13th century combining matter from several older sagas Mirkwood is a name used for two distinct fictional forests in J shieldmaiden was a Virgin who had chosen to fight as a warrior in Scandinavian folklore and mythology and they are often mentioned in Sagas such

The antipathy between the Rohirrim and the Dunlendings somehow resembles the historical tension between the Anglo-Saxon settlers of Britain and the native Celts (incidentally, on whose language Tolkien based Sindarin. In the fiction of J R R Tolkien, Dunland was a place in north-west Middle-earth, the land of the Men called Dunlendings For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic )

The name Rohan is a pun on the house of Rohan, whose founder was named Conan Meriadoc, Meriadoc being the Hobbit with closest ties to the kingdom. See Rohan (disambiguation for other uses of the word The house of Rohan was a family of Viscounts later Dukes and Conan Meriadoc (modern Breton Konan Meriadeg, Welsh Cynan Meiriadog; Latin Conanus Meridiadocus; died ca The British family of Rohan was traditionally seen as founders of an "exodus" kingdom (like Rohan in the book), namely the British settlement of Brittany. Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into

Language

Tolkien rendered Rohirric as the Mercian dialect of Old English, but also included Scandinavian placenames, such as Westfold. In the fictional world of Middle-earth by J R R Tolkien, Rohirric (also Rohirian and Rohanese, see below is the language of the Rohirrim is a county in Norway, bordering Buskerud and Telemark. The county administration is in Tønsberg. Even words and phrases that were printed in Modern English showed a strong Old English influence. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Old English was supposed to render an archaic form of Westron, which was supposedly rendered by Modern English. Westron, or the Common Speech, is an Artificial language developed by J This solution occurred to Tolkien in 1942, when he was searching for an explanation of the Eddaic name of the dwarves already published in The Hobbit. This page refers to the Eddur poems and tales of Norse Mythology The Hobbit or There and Back Again is an award-winning fantasy

Rohirric nouns were pluralized with the suffix "-as", as were Old English nouns of the strong-masculine declension.

The Rohirrim used the Germanic patronymic "-ing". A patronym, is a component of a Personal name based on the name of one's father They called themselves the Eorlingas just as Scyld's people were the Scyldingas in Norse and Anglo-Saxon mythology. Scyld Scefing is a fictional character in the Epic poem Beowulf. Old English Scylding (plural Scyldingas) and Old Norse Skjöldung (plural Skjöldungar) meaning in both languages Shielding

Théoden was referred to as "Théoden King", rather than "King Théoden", just as Scandinavian and the Anglo-Saxon era kings had the word konungr/cyning ("king") added after their names, e. Early life Théoden was the only son of King Thengel and Morwen of Lossarnach (a region of Gondor) g. Hervarðar konungr, rather than before. Compare with Alfred the Great, king of England whose name appeared as Ælfred cyning in Old English. Alfred the Great (also Ælfred from the Old English Ælfrēd ˈælfreːd (c

Many Rohirric names appear to be derived from Old English words. These include:

• Éothéod: from eoh ("war-horse") and þeod ("folk", "people", "nation")

• Gríma: possibly from gríma ("mask", "helmet", "ghost") or grim (ugly)

• Eorl: from eorl ("nobleman"). (Its counterpart ceorl ("commoner") is also used as a name for a soldier. )

• Théodred: from þeod ("folk", "people", "nation") and ræd ("counsel")

Earlier Rohirrim had names in Gothic which is the oldest Germanic language recorded.

Important Rohirrim

• Eorl the Young
• Helm Hammerhand
• Théoden
• Théodred
• Éomer
• Éowyn
• Gríma Wormtongue
• Various captains in the War of the Ring, such as Grimbold, Gamling the Old, Háma, Elfhelm, and Erkenbrand

Portrayal in adaptations

The banner of Rohan as rendered in Peter Jackson's movies; the sun is an embellishment on Tolkien's descriptions. This is a list of kings of Rohan from the Fictional universe of Middle-earth by J Helm Hammerhand is a fictional character in J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth Legendarium. Early life Théoden was the only son of King Thengel and Morwen of Lossarnach (a region of Gondor) Théodred ( TA 2978–3019 is a fictional character in The Lord of the Rings by J Appearances Literature Éomer of the House of Eorl, was the son of Théodwyn and Éomund, a Chief Marshal of the Riddermark. Literature Appearances In The Lord of the Rings Éowyn a daughter of the House of Eorl and the niece of King Théoden, is introduced Gríma, called (the Wormtongue, is a fictional character in J Grimbold is a character in J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth legendarium. In adaptations In Peter Jackson’s movie adaptations, the character of Gamling is slightly modified Gamling as played by New Zealand actor Bruce Hopkins Literature On March 2 3019 TA, Háma greeted Gandalf, Aragorn, Legolas and Gimli when they arrived at Meduseld In J R R Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium, Elfhelm was a lord of Rohan and Marshal of the East-mark In J R R Tolkien 's Middle-earth Legendarium, Erkenbrand was lord of the Westfold of Rohan during the War of the Ring

Poolburn Reservoir

For New Line Cinema's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy directed by Peter Jackson, the Poolburn Reservoir in Central Otago, New Zealand was used for Rohan scenes. New Line Cinema, founded in 1967 is one of the major American Film studios Though it initially began as an independent film studio it became a The Lord of the Rings film trilogy consists of three Live action Fantasy Epic films The Fellowship of the Ring ( 2001 Peter Robert Jackson, CNZM (born 31 October 1961 is a three-time Academy Award -winning New Zealand director producer and writer best known for directing Administration The Central Otago District Council based in Alexandra controls territorial authority matters while the Otago New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island ^[3].

The Lord of the Rings: Weapons and Warfare, a book based on the New Line films, purports to record weaponry and military organization in Middle-earth. However, this is not a canonical record of Tolkien's Middle-earth, but rather of Jackson's version of it since it interweaves Tolkien's "real" details with movie-based embellishments. Middle-earth canon is a term used in Tolkien fandom to promote the ideas of a Fictional canon within the writings of J

For example, the book goes into greater detail into the King's guards than does the original:

These men, numbering thirty and fifty in king's time, were the elite warriors in Rohan, handpicked for their skill and particular loyalty. . . . The Royal Guard possessed the only unified armour among the Rohan warriors, consisting of a sleeveless, full-length scale hauberk that was effective on foot and on horse, and a helmet featuring a visor with cutouts for their eyes, cheek-plates and a tall metal crest of a horse head from which flowed a mane of horsehair; a mail aventail was riveted inside the back of the helmet's skull. . . . A fine wool cloak dyed green and edged with a red and gold pattern was attached to the leather helms of the hauberk with circular bronze brooches featuring the sun device.

In contrast to the above, Tolkien was very specific about mail (not scale) armour and he only gave the Rohirrim a sun device, not the emblem that was embelished by Jackson's production designers.

References

Works cited

• Wynne, Hilary (2006). "Rohan", in Drout, Michael D. C.: J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment. Michael D C Drout (1968-) is the Prentice Associate Professor of English at Wheaton College and an Author and editor specialzing in Anglo-Saxon The JRR Tolkien Encyclopedia, subtitled Scholarship and Critical Assessment, edited by Michael D Routledge, 575-576. Routledge is a publisher of non-fiction academic books and journals ISBN 0-415-96942-5.