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SkyDome redirects here, for other uses, see SkyDome (disambiguation)
Rogers Centre
SkyDome

Location 1 Blue Jays Way
Toronto, Ontario M5V 1J3
Broke ground October 3, 1986
Opened June 3, 1989
Owner Rogers Communications
Operator Rogers Stadium Limited Partnership
Surface AstroTurf (1989-2004)
FieldTurf (2005-present)
Construction cost $570 million
Architect Rod Robbie
Former names SkyDome (1989-2005)
Tenants Toronto Blue Jays (MLB) (1989-present)
Toronto Argonauts (CFL) (1989-present)
Toronto Raptors (NBA) (1995-1999)
Vanier Cup (CIS) (1989-2003, 2007-present)
International Bowl (NCAA) (2007-present)
Buffalo Bills (NFL) (1 game/yr, 2008-present)
Capacity 31,074 (2008 Argonauts Football)
49,539 (2008 Baseball)
52,230 (2007 Football (Grey Cup))[1]
28,708 (Basketball)[2]
10,000-55,000 (Concert)
Field dimensions Left Field Line - 328 ft (100 m)
Left-Centre Power Alley - 375 ft (114 m)
Centre Field - 400 ft (122 m)
Right-Centre Power Alley - 375 ft (114 m)
Right Field Line - 328 ft (100 m)
Backstop - 60 ft (18 m)

Rogers Centre, formerly known as SkyDome, is a multi-purpose stadium in Toronto, Ontario, situated next to the CN Tower near the shores of Lake Ontario. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Rogers Communications Inc (,) is one of Canada's largest communications companies particularly in the field of wireless communications and Cable television, with additional AstroTurf is a brand of Artificial turf. Though the term is a Registered trademark, it is sometimes used as a generic description of any kind FieldTurf Tarkett, a division of Tarkett Inc is a Peachtree City GA -based company that manufactures and installs Artificial turf playing surfaces identified Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Toronto Blue Jays are a professional baseball team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The Toronto Argonauts are a Canadian Football League team based in Toronto, Ontario. The Canadian Football League (CFL ( Ligue canadienne de football (LCF in Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The Toronto Raptors are a professional Basketball team based in Toronto, Ontario. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The Vanier Cup (in Coupe Vanier is the name of the championship of Canadian Interuniversity Sport football and the name of the trophy awarded to the victorious team Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS is the national Governing body of University sport in Canada, comprised of the majority of degree granting universities Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The International Bowl is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA collegiate American football Bowl game played in Toronto, The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Buffalo Bills are a professional American football team based in the Buffalo New York Metropolitan area, playing seven of their home games in the suburb The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Toronto Argonauts are a Canadian Football League team based in Toronto, Ontario. The Canadian Football League (CFL ( Ligue canadienne de football (LCF in 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. In accordance with the Manual of Style (see) Canadian English is used throughout this article (see Canadian_English#Spelling) The Grey Cup (in Coupe Grey is both the name of the championship of the Canadian Football League (CFL and the name of the trophy awarded to the victorious team Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m A concert is a live Performance, usually of Music, before an Audience. A modern stadium (plural stadiums or stadia in English is a place or venue for (mostly outdoor Sports Concerts or other events consisting Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec The CN Tower, located in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is a communications and tourist Tower standing tall Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is home to the American League's Toronto Blue Jays, the Canadian Football League's Toronto Argonauts, the site of the annual International Bowl American college football bowl game, and as of 2008, the National Football League's Buffalo Bills' second playing venue. The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League ( AL) is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in The Toronto Blue Jays are a professional baseball team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Canadian Football League (CFL ( Ligue canadienne de football (LCF in The Toronto Argonauts are a Canadian Football League team based in Toronto, Ontario. The International Bowl is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA collegiate American football Bowl game played in Toronto, College football is American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, Colleges and military academies In the United States, a bowl game is traditionally a post-season College football game however the term "bowl" has become synonymous with a major American 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. The Buffalo Bills are a professional American football team based in the Buffalo New York Metropolitan area, playing seven of their home games in the suburb While it is primarily a sports venue, it also hosts other large-scale events such as conventions, trade fairs, and concerts. A convention, in the sense of a meeting is a gathering of individuals who meet at a arid place and time in order to discuss or engage in some common interest A trade fair (or trade show) is an exhibition organised so that companies in a specific Industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products service study A concert is a live Performance, usually of Music, before an Audience. The stadium was renamed "Rogers Centre" following the purchase of the stadium by Rogers Communications in 2005. Rogers Communications Inc (,) is one of Canada's largest communications companies particularly in the field of wireless communications and Cable television, with additional [3]

The venue was noted for being the first stadium to have a fully-retractable motorized roof, as well as for the 348-room hotel attached to it, with 70 rooms overlooking the field. A retractable roof is a kinetic architectural element used in many sports venues in which a roof made of a suitable material can readily be mechanically deployed from some A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging usually on a short-term basis It is also the most recent North American major-league stadium built to accommodate both football as well as baseball, although some of the newer baseball parks have been known to host the occasional college football game (AT&T Park, Chase Field, and Safeco Field, to name a few). In accordance with the Manual of Style (see) Canadian English is used throughout this article (see Canadian_English#Spelling) Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each College football is American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, Colleges and military academies AT&T Park is an open-air ballpark, home to the San Francisco Giants of Major League Baseball. Chase Field is a Baseball Stadium located in downtown Phoenix Arizona, and is the home of the Arizona Diamondbacks of the Safeco Field, sometimes referred to as Safeco or The Safe, is a Retractable roof Baseball stadium located in Seattle Washington [4][5][6]

Contents

History

Rogers Centre was designed by Rod Robbie & Michael Allen and was constructed by the EllisDon Construction of London, Ontario. For the former announcer on the American game show "The Price is Right" see Rod Roddy Roderick George Robbie, O London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada along the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor with a metropolitan area population of 457720 the city proper The stadium's construction lasted about two and a half years, from October 1986 to May 1989. The approximate cost of construction was $600 million (CAD) which was paid for by the federal government, Ontario provincial government, the City of Toronto, and a large consortium of corporations. The Canadian Government, formally Her Majesty's Government in Canada, is the Federal government of Canada. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec A consortium is an association of two or more individuals companies organizations or governments (or any combination of these entities with the objective of participating

The CN Tower viewed from the Rogers Centre
The CN Tower viewed from the Rogers Centre

Background

A cold, rain-soaked Grey Cup game in November 1982, held at the outdoor Exhibition Stadium, spurred the process of looking for a new stadium. The CN Tower, located in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is a communications and tourist Tower standing tall The 70th Grey Cup, also known as the " Rain Bowl " was the 1982 Grey Cup Canadian Football League championship game between the Canadian National Exhibition Stadium (commonly known as Exhibition Stadium, CNE Stadium or The Ex) was a Multi-purpose stadium that formerly The game was tormented by cold weather and rains, the washrooms overflowed, and spectators were exposed to the harsh weather. In attendance was Ontario Premier Bill Davis, and the misery of that day was seen by over 7,862,000 television viewers in Canada (at the time the largest TV audience ever in Canada [7]). William Grenville "Bill" Davis, PC, CC, OOnt, QC (born July 30, 1929 in Brampton Ontario) was The following day, at a rally at Toronto City Hall, tens of thousands of people who were there to see the Grey Cup winners began to chant, "We want a dome! We want a dome!" So too did others who began to discuss the possibility of an all-purpose, all-weather stadium. The City Hall of Toronto, Ontario, Canada is one of the most distinctive landmarks of the city (As a point of interest, the 1983 Grey Cup Game was played at the newly opened BC Place domed stadium in Vancouver). Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal

Seven months later, in June 1983, Premier Davis formally announced that a three-person committee would look into the feasibility of building a domed stadium at Exhibition Place. Exhibition Place is a mixed-use property on the Toronto shore of Lake Ontario, a few kilometers west of the central business district The three-person committee was composed of Hugh Macaulay, former Hydro chairman, William Bremner, Vickers and Benson Co. Ltd. chairman, and Lionel Schipper, Schipper Enterprises president.

Over the next few years various tangible projects emerged, including a large indoor stadium at Exhibition Place with an air-supported dome, similar to BC Place. In 1985 an international design competition was launched to design a new stadium, along with selection of a site for the stadium. Some of the sites included Exhibition Place, Downsview Airport, and York University. York University (Université York is a public Research university located in Toronto, Ontario. The final site was located at the base of the CN Tower not far from Union Station, a major railway and transit hub. The CN Tower, located in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is a communications and tourist Tower standing tall The land was a major Canadian National Railway rail switching yard (the desolate downtown lands were part of a master plan for revitalizing the area which includes CityPlace). CityPlace is the name given to a large section of former railway land in Downtown Toronto, Canada that has been redeveloped for multiuse purpose The price would be $150 million. Ultimately the Robbie/Allen concept won because it provided the largest roof opening of all the finalists, and it was the most technically sound. Others stadium designs included one that was like a bow tie, which cast a shadow over the field.

The choice of both the stadium design and its location were chosen specifically to avoid any chance of repeating the problems suffered in Montreal with their Olympic Stadium (nicknamed the "Big O"). The Olympic Stadium (Stade olympique is a Multi-purpose stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada built as the main venue for the 1976 That stadium suffered from a poorly designed retractable roof (which never really worked).

The stadium would have been Canada's first working retractable-roof stadium if they did not get Olympic Stadium's roof to finally work in 1988. With the latter's roof finally failing for good and being replaced by a permanent roof in 1992, the venue now stands as Canada's only retractable-roof stadium.

Stadium construction

A suspension bridge was built over the railway land surrounding the stadium.
A suspension bridge was built over the railway land surrounding the stadium.

Construction was done by lead contractor EllisDon. Several factors complicated the construction: The lands housed a functioning water pumping station that needed to be relocated, the soil was contaminated from a century of industrial use, railway buildings needed to be torn down or moved, and the site was rich with archaeological finds. One of the most complex issues was moving the John St. pumping station across the street to its new home south of the stadium. Foundations to the stadium were being poured even as the facility (located in the infield area) continued to function, as construction on its new location had yet to be completed. Also a locomotive watering tower was moved across the street as to be saved and to be incorporated into a new railway museum.

Because the stadium was the first of its kind in the world, the architects and engineers kept the design simple (by using a sturdy dome shape) and used proven technologies to move the roof. It was important that the design would work and be reliable as to avoid the various problems that plagued Montreal's Olympic Stadium. The Olympic Stadium (Stade olympique is a Multi-purpose stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada built as the main venue for the 1976 The 31-story roof consists of four panels; one is fixed in place and the other three are moved by electrically driven 'train' engines, that run on standard railway rails. The roof, which takes 20 minutes to open, was made out of steel trusses covered by corrugated steel cladding which in turn is covered by a single ply PVC membrane. Stadium construction and management was overseen by Chuck Magwood who was president of the Government established management company: Stadco.

Stadium financing

Overhead view of Rogers Centre with the roof closed, as seen from the CN Tower
Overhead view of Rogers Centre with the roof closed, as seen from the CN Tower

The stadium was funded by a public/private partnership, with the government paying the largest percentage of the tab. The initial cost was greatly underestimated, with the final tab coming in at $570 million (all dollar figures used are in Canadian funds and have not been adjusted for inflation) . All three levels of government (Metro Toronto, Provincial, Federal) initially contributed $30 million. The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was the senior level of Municipal government in the Toronto, Ontario, Canada, area from 1954 to This doesn't include the actual value of the land the stadium sits on (as it was part of a deal with the Crown agency – CN Rail). Canada's three main breweries (Labatt's, Molsons, and Carling O'Keefe) each paid $5 million to help fund the stadium. Labatt Brewing Company Ltd is a Canadian beer company founded by John Kinder Labatt in 1847 in London Ontario. Molson is the Canadian division of the world's fifth-largest brewing company, the Molson Coors Brewing Company. Carling O'Keefe originated as Canadian Breweries Limited which was the first brewing conglomerate in Canada and is now owned by Molson Coors Brewing Company In addition 28 Canadian corporations (selected by invitation only – no tendering of contract) contributed $5 million, for which they received one of the 161 Skyboxes with four parking spaces (for ten years, with an opportunity for renewal) and a 99 year exclusive option on in stadium advertising. Skyboxes initially leased for $150,000 up to $225,000 a year in 1989 – plus the cost of tickets for all events. The Toronto Blue Jays, who enjoyed the greatest financial benefit from the construction of the new stadium, contributed $5 million invested in the stadium. The Toronto Blue Jays are a professional baseball team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

But the financing wasn't without controversy. First of all there was no public tender for supplies and equipment. Secondly, companies that paid the $5 million fee received 100% stadium exclusivity for the life of their contract that could be extended up to 99 years. Some of the companies that signed on included Coca-Cola, TSN and CIBC. Coca-Cola is a carbonated Soft drink sold in stores restaurants and Vending machines in more than 200 countries The Sports Network (commonly known as TSN) is a Canadian English language Cable television Specialty channel and is Canada's leading The Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce () better known to most customers as CIBC, is one of Canada 's major Banks CIBC is classified as a Domestic This exclusivity even extended to advertising. This was most notable when Pepsi-Cola was banned from raising promotional banners during a concert. Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. Many companies signed on without the contracts being bid on. Pepsi stated at the time that had they known the terms of the contract that they would have paid far more than $5 million for the rights. Local media like NOW (magazine) called the amount charged "scandalously low" (Now Dec 3-9, 1998). NOW is an Alternative newsweekly in Toronto, Canada published by Now Communications Inc. The media also complained about the McDonald's contract which the company paid a low yearly fee, yet charged high prices for its concession fare.

In a CBC Television interview in the days before the stadium, a member of the general public goes on to ponder "It will be interesting to see five years from now whose stadium it will be, Toronto's dome or a business centre like TD Centre". CBC Television is a Canadian English language Television network. The stadium was completed two months late, having been planned to open for the first regular season Toronto Blue Jays game. Because of its location south of major railway corridor, new pedestrian connections had to be built; the infrastructure was part of the reason for the high cost of the stadium. Skywalk is a (1/2 km – est. ) enclosed walkway that leads from the base of the CN Tower and via a bridge connects to Union Station (and is part of the PATH network). PATH is a 27 km (17 miles network of pedestrian tunnels beneath the office towers of downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The John St. bridge was built to provide North/South passage over the rail tracks linking Front Street with the stadium.

SkyDome opening

"The Audience" - A sculpture by Michael Snow adorning the facade on the northwest corner of Rogers Centre.
"The Audience" - A sculpture by Michael Snow adorning the facade on the northwest corner of Rogers Centre. Michael Snow, CC (born December 10, 1929) is a Canadian artist working in painting sculpture video films photography holography

The stadium officially opened on June 3, 1989 and hosted an official grand opening show: "The Opening of SkyDome: A Celebration". Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) It was broadcast on CBC television the following evening hosted by Brian Williams. Brian Williams (born 1946 in Winnipeg, Manitoba and raised in Hamilton Ontario) is a Canadian Sportscaster who is With a crowd of over 50,000 in attendance, it was the first test of the new facility. The event was a showcase of Canadian talent, and included performances from a wide variety of acts. The celebrities consisted of Oscar Peterson, Andrea Martin of SCTV, impersonator André-Philippe Gagnon and rock band Glass Tiger. Oscar Emmanuel Peterson, CC, CQ, OOnt ( 15 August 1925 – 23 December 2007) was a Canadian Andrea Louise Martin (born January 15 1947) is an American - Canadian Actress and comedienne. André-Philippe Gagnon (born 1962 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a Canadian Comedian and impressionist. Glass Tiger is a Canadian rock band formed in 1983 in Newmarket Ontario. The roof was opened by the Premier of the Province, David Peterson, who pointed a laser pen at the ceiling to officially 'open' it. David Robert Peterson, PC (born December 28, 1943 in Toronto, Ontario) was the twentieth Premier of the Province The roof opened, exposing the crowd to a downpour of rain. This while a crowd of famous Canadians sang a song on stage that was written specifically for the opening, with the lyrics: "Open up, Open up the Dome". Yet as the crowd got increasingly wet, they could be heard chanting "Close the roof". But Stadco president Chuck Magwood insisted that the roof fully open. And once open, a group of civilian skydivers flew into the now soaked stadium often skidding across the concrete floor to the cheers of the audience. By the time the roof had opened, most of the crowd had sought refuge in the concourse areas and beneath the overhangs of the various parts of the structure.

The event was broken down into the following acts:

The Opening of SkyDome – A Celebration

Financial problems and fallout

The SkyDome logo (1989-2005).
The SkyDome logo (1989-2005).

The stadium would later become the thorn in the side of David Peterson's Ontario Liberal government for its overspending in the venture. David Robert Peterson, PC (born December 28, 1943 in Toronto, Ontario) was the twentieth Premier of the Province The Ontario Liberal Party is a Centrist provincial political party in the province of Ontario, Canada. The Ontario Liberal Party was defeated by the Ontario New Democratic Party in the 1990 Ontario election. The Ontario New Democratic Party, formally known as New Democratic Party of Ontario, is a Social democratic political party in Ontario, Canada The Ontario general election of 1990 was held on September 6, 1990, to elect members of the Legislative Assembly of the province of Ontario A review by the new Bob Rae government in October 1990 revealed that the stadium was so in debt that it would have to be booked 600 days a year to turn a profit. Robert Keith "Bob" Rae PC OC QC OOnt MP (born August 2, 1948) is a Canadian The stadium had only made $17 million in its first year of operations, while servicing the debt was costing $40 million. It was determined that the abrupt late inclusion by Stadco of a luxurious hotel and health club added an additional $112 million to the cost of the building. The further rush to finish the stadium also tacked on further unplanned costs.

As the Province slipped into a recession, Bob Rae appointed University of Toronto professor Bruce Kidd and Bob White (then president of the Canadian Auto Workers) to the Stadco board as to help deal with the stadium's growing debt. This article is about the University of Toronto's St George Campus Bruce Kidd OC (born July 26 1943) is a Canadian academic author and athlete For other people named "Bob White" or "Robert White" see Bob White (disambiguation and Robert White. Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The Canadian Auto Workers ( CAW; formally the National Automobile But by this time it was too late to reverse the costs. The completed stadium started life with a $165 million debt, which ballooned up to $400 million by 1993. The stadium became a huge liability to the Provincial Government, and as the economy soured, so did public support for the so-called "white elephant". A white elephant is a valuable possession which its owner cannot dispose of and whose cost (particularly cost of upkeep exceeds its usefulness In March 1994, Bob Rae's Ontario NDP government paid off all outstanding debts from the Provincial treasury, and sold the stadium for the massively discounted price of $151 million to a private consortium (including Labatt's parent company – Interbrew).

In November 1998, the stadium filed for bankruptcy protection. One of the main reasons was that most of the Skybox contracts were up for renewal. Most of the 161 Skybox tenants had signed on for 10 year leases; this oversight in business planning, and a marked decrease in interest in the stadium's two sports teams, resulted in a massive decrease in the amount companies were willing to pay for the Skybox. In addition, the Air Canada Centre was under construction just down the road, and selling highly desired boxes for the civic favourite Toronto Maple Leafs and new upstart Toronto Raptors. The "Leafs" and "Maple Leafs" redirect here For the former American Hockey League team see St The Toronto Raptors are a professional Basketball team based in Toronto, Ontario. Many companies could not justify owning box suites at both stadiums. That same month, the Blue Jays resigned on for an additional ten years in the facility.

In late 1998, Sportsco International LP bought the stadium out of bankruptcy protection for $85 million. In 2004, Rogers Communications, parent company of the Blue Jays, would agree to acquire SkyDome from Sportsco for about $25 million – about 4% of the cost of construction. Rogers Communications Inc (,) is one of Canada's largest communications companies particularly in the field of wireless communications and Cable television, with additional

Recent developments

The Rogers Centre logo is large enough to be seen for several kilometres.
The Rogers Centre logo is large enough to be seen for several kilometres.

On February 2, 2005, Ted Rogers, President and CEO of Rogers Communications, which also owns the Blue Jays, announced that his company would significantly increase the team payroll upwards of $210 million over the next three seasons, beginning in the 2005 season, and announced a three-year corporate contract to change the name of SkyDome to the Rogers Centre. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For other uses see Edward Rogers (disambiguation. Edward Samuel "Ted" Rogers Jr A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator After the purchase (for only $25 million), Rogers refurbished the stadium by, among other things, replacing the once state-of-the-art Jumbotron with a Daktronics ProStar screen, and erecting other new monitors, including several built into the outfield wall. A JumboTron is a Large-screen television technology developed by Sony, typically used in Sports stadiums and concert venues to show close up shots of the Daktronics Inc ( is an American company based in Brookings South Dakota that designs manufactures sells and services Video board, Scoreboards They also installed a new artificial playing surface called FieldTurf. FieldTurf Tarkett, a division of Tarkett Inc is a Peachtree City GA -based company that manufactures and installs Artificial turf playing surfaces identified

In May 2005, the Toronto Argonauts agreed to three five-year leases at Rogers Centre, which could see the Argonauts playing out of Rogers Centre up to and including 2019. The Toronto Argonauts are a Canadian Football League team based in Toronto, Ontario. The team has the option to leave at the end of each of the three lease agreements. The Argos also announced that they will not move into a new stadium that was being planned at York University, a project which York subsequently cancelled.

In November 2005, Rogers Centre received a complete makeover in the 100 level concourse, making it larger. This required some seats to be removed, which lowered its capacity size. They also renovated 43 luxury boxes and converted some of them into larger party suites that can accommodate as many as 150 people.

In April 2006, the Rogers Centre became one of the first buildings of its size to adopt a completely smoke-free policy in Canada. The Rogers Centre made this decision in advance of an act of provincial legislature that required all Ontario public places to go smoke-free by June 1, 2006. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Designated smoking rooms, or "puffers" as they were known, will no longer be available to patrons. As a result, smokers will no longer be able to smoke during events due to the pre-existing no pass-out policy, which does not allow for readmittance to the facility after exiting. A new Rogers Plus store was opened in the south end of the stadium on April 4, 2006. Rogers Plus is the overall banner for the retail operations of the Rogers Cable subsidiary of Rogers Communications. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Future developments

Next on the agenda is a complete makeover of the Blue Jays', Argonauts' and visitors' locker rooms.

Another project involves adding some type of façade to the exterior of the stadium, which has often been criticized for appearing "cold" and imposing (the exterior material is concrete. )[8]

Etymology

Toronto city view from plaza in front of the Rogers Centre.
Toronto city view from plaza in front of the Rogers Centre.

The name "SkyDome" was coined by a private citizen Kellie Watson, of the town of Wallaceburg, who entered a Province-wide "name the stadium" contest in 1987. Wallaceburg is a community (pop 11114 located in the municipality of Chatham-Kent[http //www Sponsored by the Toronto Sun, ballots were offered for people to submit their suggested name. The Toronto Sun is an English language daily tabloid Newspaper published in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Over 150,000 entries were received with 12,897 different names. The selection committee narrowed it down to four choices: "Towerdome", Harbourdome, SkyDome, and simply "the Dome". The judges' final selection was SkyDome. Over 2,000 people proposed: SkyDome, and as a result a winning name was drawn from all the similar entries. Premier David Peterson chose a name from a lottery barrel. David Robert Peterson, PC (born December 28, 1943 in Toronto, Ontario) was the twentieth Premier of the Province The selected winner won lifetime seats to any event at SkyDome (including concerts). The two seats are located just behind home plate. In the press conference announcing the name, Chuck Magwood (president of the Stadium Corporation of Ontario) commented: "The sky is a huge part of the whole roof process. The name has a sense of the infinite and that's what this is all about".

(Before being officially named, the stadium was reported in the media as simply "the dome")

On December 18, 2006, when Rogers Communications Inc. and the Toronto Blue Jays held a press conference announcing the contract extension of Vernon Wells, President and CEO Ted Rogers stated that he and his wife held a party for the Blue Jays organization at "the Dome". Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Rogers Communications Inc (,) is one of Canada's largest communications companies particularly in the field of wireless communications and Cable television, with additional Vernon Wells III (born December 8, 1978, in Shreveport, Louisiana) is a Major League Baseball player for the Toronto Blue For other uses see Edward Rogers (disambiguation. Edward Samuel "Ted" Rogers Jr This shows that even though the media is told to refer to the building as Rogers Centre, Rogers himself does not refer to it as such.

Stadium features

Several restaurants have views of events, Windows restaurant looks onto the playing field.
Several restaurants have views of events, Windows restaurant looks onto the playing field.

The venue was the first major team sports arena in North America to sport a functional, fully retractable roof; Montreal's Olympic Stadium also had a retractable roof, but it was a total failure. A retractable roof is a kinetic architectural element used in many sports venues in which a roof made of a suitable material can readily be mechanically deployed from some The Olympic Stadium (Stade olympique is a Multi-purpose stadium in Montreal, Quebec, Canada built as the main venue for the 1976 The roof is composed of four panels and covers an area of 345,000 square feet. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The two middle panels slide laterally to stack over the north semi-circular panel, and then the south semi-circular panel rotates around the stadium and nests inside the stack. It takes 20 minutes for the roof to open or close.

Even though the retractable roof would technically permit the use of natural grass, the stadium has always used artificial turf; initially AstroTurf, and FieldTurf since 2005. AstroTurf is a brand of Artificial turf. Though the term is a Registered trademark, it is sometimes used as a generic description of any kind FieldTurf Tarkett, a division of Tarkett Inc is a Peachtree City GA -based company that manufactures and installs Artificial turf playing surfaces identified

The centre also has an on-site fitness club, and Hard Rock Café. Hard Rock Cafe was founded in 1971 by Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton, and their first Hard Rock Cafe opened near Hyde Park Corner in London, The Renaissance Toronto Hotel is also located within Rogers Centre, with some of the hotel rooms overlooking the field. Renaissance Hotels is a worldwide Brand of Hotels and Resorts The brand is owned by Marriott International and many Renaissance Hotels are managed [9]

Rogers Centre videoboard

Rogers Centre videoboard
Rogers Centre videoboard

The main video screen in the Rogers Centre is called the Rogers Centre videoboard and is also known during Blue Jays games as "JaysVision". Designed by Daktronics, the screen is 33 feet high and 110 feet across. Daktronics Inc ( is an American company based in Brookings South Dakota that designs manufactures sells and services Video board, Scoreboards The panel is made up of modular light units that can be replaced unit by unit, and can be repaired immediately should it be damaged during an event. For a time, it was the largest of its kind in the world.

The videoboard and the stadium played host to several television events, including the series finales for Cheers and Star Trek: The Next Generation, along with live coverage of the funeral of Princess Diana. A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U Cheers is an American Situation comedy television series that ran eleven seasons from 1982 to 1993 Star Trek The Next Generation ( STTNG or TNG) is an Emmy and Peabody Award-winning science fiction television program created by Gene Roddenberry Soccer fans were able to watch the 2006 FIFA World Cup final on July 9, 2006 at Rogers Centre on the state of the art video board. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The 2006 FIFA World Cup was the 18th instance of the FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship tournament Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Stadium usage

Sports

Blue Jays host the Detroit Tigers in MLB action.
Blue Jays host the Detroit Tigers in MLB action.

Besides baseball and Canadian football, Rogers Centre was the original home of the National Basketball Association's Toronto Raptors, who played at the venue from November 1995 - February 1999 until moving to the Air Canada Centre. The Toronto Raptors are a professional Basketball team based in Toronto, Ontario. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The Rogers Centre has also hosted exhibition soccer, cricket, Gaelic football, Australian Rules Football and two NCAA International Bowl games. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Gaelic football ( Irish: Peil, Peil Ghaelach, or Caid) commonly referred to as " football " is a form of Football Australian (rules football, or simply known as football, footy or Aussie rules, is a Team sport played between two teams of 18 players The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations The International Bowl is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA collegiate American football Bowl game played in Toronto, The 1992 World Series and 1993 World Series were played at Rogers Centre. The 1992 World Series was the first Series ever played outside of the United States of America. The 1993 World Series was the second Series in a row played outside the United States of America and the second to be won outside the USA The World Wrestling Federation hosted WrestleMania VI and WrestleMania X8 at Rogers Centre. World Wrestling Entertainment Inc ( WWE) is a publicly traded privately controlled integrated media (focusing in Television, Internet, WrestleMania VI was the World Wrestling Federation 's (WWF sixth WrestleMania Professional wrestling Pay-per-view event and the first to WrestleMania X8 was the eighteenth annual WrestleMania Professional wrestling Pay-per-view produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF [10]

In June 1997, it featured a well-publicized 150 metre race between sprinters Donovan Bailey and Michael Johnson. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The SPRINTER is a Light rail line operating between Oceanside and Escondido California, United States. Donovan Bailey (born December 16, 1967) is a retired Canadian sprinter who once held the world record for the 100 metre race following Michael Duane Johnson (born September 13 1967 in Soccer matches have been regularly held in recent years; they had been rarely played at the venue when its Astroturf surface had been in place. AstroTurf is a brand of Artificial turf. Though the term is a Registered trademark, it is sometimes used as a generic description of any kind

Rogers Centre is the site of several major high school and collegiate sporting competitions including the Prentice Cup for baseball and, from 1989 to 2003, the Vanier Cup championship of Canadian Interuniversity Sport football (then SkyDome). High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The Vanier Cup (in Coupe Vanier is the name of the championship of Canadian Interuniversity Sport football and the name of the trophy awarded to the victorious team Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS is the national Governing body of University sport in Canada, comprised of the majority of degree granting universities

Toronto Argonauts vs. Hamilton Tiger-Cats, October 27th 2005.
Toronto Argonauts vs. Hamilton Tiger-Cats, October 27th 2005.

In January 2007, Rogers Centre played host to the first ever International Bowl, an NCAA college football game between Western Michigan University and the University of Cincinnati. The International Bowl is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA collegiate American football Bowl game played in Toronto, The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations College football is American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, Colleges and military academies In 2008, Rutgers played Ball State in the second International Bowl. In November 2007, it hosted the 95th Grey Cup, its first since 1992 and third all-time. Grey Cup Festivities The Grey Cup festivities began with a four-day festival that had over 50 events at several venues in downtown Toronto including the Metro Toronto Convention It was also the venue for the 2007 Desjardins Vanier Cup on Friday November 23, just two days before Grey Cup Sunday. The Desjardins Group (or Mouvement des caisses Desjardins in French is the largest association of Credit unions in North America. The Vanier Cup (in Coupe Vanier is the name of the championship of Canadian Interuniversity Sport football and the name of the trophy awarded to the victorious team Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of It was the 16th Vanier Cup hosted at SkyDome/Rogers Centre, returning after a three year absence in which it was hosted by Hamilton, Ontario (2004 and 2005) and Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (2006). Hamilton (ˈhæməltən ( 2006 population 504559 UA population 647634 CMA population Saskatoon is a city located in central Saskatchewan, Canada, on the South Saskatchewan River, with a It was the 56th Grey Cup hosted by the city of Toronto since the championship's inception in 1909, and the 40th Vanier Cup hosted by the Toronto since that championship's inception in 1965.

The National Football League's Buffalo Bills announced its intentions to play one of its games in the Rogers Centre in October 2007; the first of these games will take place on December 7th of the 2008 NFL season vs the Miami Dolphins. The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. The Buffalo Bills are a professional American football team based in the Buffalo New York Metropolitan area, playing seven of their home games in the suburb Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The 2008 NFL Season is the 89th season of the National Football League, the major professional American football league in the United States The Miami Dolphins are a professional American football team based in the Miami Florida Metropolitan Area. [11] It will mark the first time an NFL team has established a "home" stadium outside the United States.

Games in the first round of the 2009 World Baseball Classic will be played at the Rogers Centre. The 2009 World Baseball Classic will be an International Baseball competition

Concerts

Soon after its opening, the stadium became a popular venue for large scale rock concerts and is the largest indoor concert venue in Toronto; it has hosted many international acts including Madonna, U2, The Rolling Stones, Radiohead, Simon and Garfunkel, Garth Brooks, Backstreet Boys, Roger Waters,Black Sabbath,Pantera, Janet Jackson, Avril Lavigne, Cher Halloween extravaganza in 2003, Michael W. Smith, and N'Sync. Madonna Louise Ciccone Ritchie (born August 16 1958 known as Madonna, is an American Radiohead Simon & Garfunkel are an American Singer-songwriter duo of Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel. Troyal Garth Brooks, known professionally as Garth Brooks (born February 7, 1962) is an American Country music Singer-songwriter. Backstreet Boys are a Grammy -nominated American pop group They were the first group launched by fallen Boy band mogul Lou Pearlman. George Roger Waters (born 6 September 1943 in Great Bookham, Surrey) is an English rock musician Black Sabbath are an Pantera was an American heavy metal band from Arlington, Texas, formed by the Abbott brothers Vinnie Paul ( drums) and Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16 1966 is an American recording artist and entertainer Avril Lavigne Whibley (born September 27 1984 better known by her birth name of Avril Lavigne (ˈævrɨl ləˈviːn is a Canadian Grammy Award Cher ( IPA: /ʃɛr/ born Cherilyn Sarkisian, May 20 1946 Michael W Smith (born October 7, 1957) is a Grammy Award -winning American Singer and Songwriter. The stadium has several concert configurations, including smaller Theatre (capacity 5,000 to 7,000) and Concert Hall (formerly SkyTent; capacity 10,000-25,000). Due to the design of the stadium and building materials used, the acoustics have been known to be rather poor, and the loudness/quality can vary greatly around the stadium. Its popularity with artists and fans has diminished over the years, with most stadium concerts now taking place at the Air Canada Centre. The Designers did develop the SkyTent as to help reduce sound distortion and improve sound quality. The tent is a group of acoustical curtain sails that is hoisted on rigging above the floor, to help dampen reverb of the music around the open stadium.

One of the more notable concerts was the 1990 Blond Ambition Tour by Madonna. The Blond Ambition Tour (also known as Blond Ambition World Tour and Blond Ambition World Tour 90) was the third Concert tour by American Madonna Louise Ciccone Ritchie (born August 16 1958 known as Madonna, is an American The touring show had become extremely controversial due to the risque visuals and performances. When the concert arrived in Toronto, police were alerted that the show might violate local obscenity laws. The police were on site for the concert and threatened charges without changes. The show went on as planned, but no charges were laid. The incident is shown in the Madonna documentary Truth or Dare. Truth or Dare (known as In Bed with Madonna outside the United States and Canada) is a revealing documentary chronicling

On 17 May 2008, Canadian music station Much Music announced that Led Zeppelin plans to announce four August dates. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common MuchMusic (often referred to only as Much) is a Canadian English language Cable television Specialty channel owned by CTVglobemedia Led Zeppelin were However the band's management has since denied the rumors. [12]

Other uses

Rogers Centre contains 143,000 square feet (13,000 m²) of exhibition space, allowing it to host a variety of events year-round. The square foot is an Imperial unit / US customary unit (non- SI non- metric) of Area, used mainly in the United States

It is home to several annual auto shows, with the Canadian International AutoShow in February and Importfest in October. An auto show, or motorshow, is a public exhibition of current Automobile models debuts Concept cars or out-of-production classics Canadian International Auto Show is the largest Autoshow in Canada. Travelling shows like World Wrestling Entertainment (which has used the facility to host two WrestleMania events), Disney on Ice, Monster Jam and circuses also have used the venue. World Wrestling Entertainment Inc ( WWE) is a publicly traded privately controlled integrated media (focusing in Television, Internet, This article is about the WrestleMania PPV series in general for the first WrestleMania itself see WrestleMania (1985. Disney On Ice is a touring ice show produced by Feld Entertainment under agreement with The Walt Disney Company. Monster Jam is a live Motorsport event tour and Television show operated by Feld Entertainment. A circus is most commonly a traveling company of performers that may include acrobats, Clowns trained animals trapeze acts Hoopers, tightrope walkers The Opening Ceremonies of the XVI International AIDS Conference were held at Rogers Centre on August 13, 2006. The XVI International AIDS Conference was held in Toronto, Ontario, during the week of August 13 - 18, 2006. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

It has also hosted many public speakers, including appearances by the Dalai Lama, Christian Evangelist Billy Graham, Nelson Mandela, and J. K. Rowling, for a book reading. A public speaker is a person who makes speeches in Public settings Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso (born Lhamo Döndrub ( 6 July 1935 in Qinghai) He is the head of the Tibetan government-in-exile A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Evangelism is the Christian practice of proselytisation. The intention of most evangelism is to effect Eternal salvation to those who do not follow the William Franklin Graham Jr KBE (born November 7 1918 better known as Billy Graham, is an evangelist and an Evangelical Christian Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (xolíɬaɬa mandéːla born 18 July 1918 is a former President of South Africa, the first to be elected in fully representative Joanne "Jo" Rowling OBE (born 31 July 1965 who writes under the

In addition to being a venue that hosts sports, concerts and other events, the Rogers Centre also houses the head offices of a number of businesses. The Toronto Blue Jays and the Toronto Argonauts both have their office headquarters located in the building, and it is the home of the head offices of Ticketmaster Canada. The Toronto Blue Jays are a professional baseball team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Toronto Argonauts are a Canadian Football League team based in Toronto, Ontario. Ticketmaster is a ticket sales and distribution company based in West Hollywood California, USA, with operations in many countries around the world

Rogers Centre is the home of the main Ticketmaster outlet (ticket centre) for eastern Canada, located at the south end of the building beside Gate 7. As well, the building contains the Toronto Renaissance Hotel, a Premier Fitness/Health Club, a Rogers Plus store, a Hard Rock Cafe, and Windows Restaurant. Renaissance Hotels is a worldwide Brand of Hotels and Resorts The brand is owned by Marriott International and many Renaissance Hotels are managed Rogers Plus is the overall banner for the retail operations of the Rogers Cable subsidiary of Rogers Communications. Hard Rock Cafe was founded in 1971 by Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton, and their first Hard Rock Cafe opened near Hyde Park Corner in London, Starting in 2006, the Hard Rock Cafe will only be open when there is a performance in the building. Hard Rock Cafe was founded in 1971 by Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton, and their first Hard Rock Cafe opened near Hyde Park Corner in London, There are three box offices: Ticketmaster and the Argos box office are located at Gate 7, the Blue Jays box office is at Gate 9, and Rogers Centre Tours runs a box office at Gate 2. On non-event days, there are daily tours of the Rogers Centre. There are two gift shops that sell Rogers Centre and both Argonauts and Blue Jays merchandise – one at Gate 5 opened in April 2007, and one inside the Rogers Plus Store at Gate 8. Rogers Plus is the overall banner for the retail operations of the Rogers Cable subsidiary of Rogers Communications.

Attendance records

Timeline



Panoramic view of Blue Jays game with open roof.
Panoramic view of Blue Jays game with open roof.
Panoramic view of an Argonauts game at Rogers Centre.
Panoramic view of an Argonauts game at Rogers Centre.

Facts and figures

Stadium related

See also

References

  1. ^ 2007 Grey Cup game sold out. The following is a list of stadiums in the Canadian Football League. Chronology of home stadiums for current National Football League teamsThe following is a list of current National Football League stadiums, sorted by capacity their locations their first The following is a list of current and former Major League Baseball stadiums. Canadian Football League. Retrieved on 2007-11-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs,  “The capacity crowd at Rogers Centre on Sunday will be 52,230. ”
  2. ^ http://basketball.ballparks.com/NBA/TorontoRaptors/index.htm
  3. ^ Rogers Purchases SkyDome (July 1, 2005). Retrieved on February 6, 2008.
  4. ^ Moments In History (September 21, 2006). Retrieved on February 6, 2008.
  5. ^ "NCAA drops Seattle Bowl, adds Fort Worth game", Buckeye Buzz, centralohio. com, 2003-05-02. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Retrieved on 2007-08-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the  
  6. ^ Emerald Bowl (December, 2007). Retrieved on February 6, 2008.
  7. ^ http://www.cfl.ca/index.php?module=page&id=33
  8. ^ Harrison, Ian (November 16, 2005). Rogers Centre undergoing makeover. MLB.com. Retrieved on 2006-07-25. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler
  9. ^ Renaissance Toronto Hotel Downtown hotel room amenities and highlights (July 1, 2005). Retrieved on March 22, 2008.
  10. ^ WrestleMania - The Venues and Attendance of Every WrestleMania. About.com. Aboutcom is an online source for original information and advice and is among the top 15 US Websites ( Nielsen Online Spring 2008 Retrieved on 2008-02-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states
  11. ^ Gaughan, Mark and Jerry Sullivan. Bills have deal in place for Toronto games. Buffalo News. 30 January 2008. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  12. ^ Led Zeppelin to Tour Toronto This Summer

External links

Multimedia

Websites

Preceded by
Exhibition Stadium		 Home of the
Toronto Blue Jays
1989 – present		 Succeeded by
current
Preceded by
Exhibition Stadium		 Home of the
Toronto Argonauts
1989 – present		 Succeeded by
current
Preceded by
first stadium		 Home of the
International Bowl
2007 – present		 Succeeded by
current
Preceded by
first arena		 Home of the
Toronto Raptors
1995 – 1999		 Succeeded by
Air Canada Centre
Preceded by
Wrigley Field		 Host of the MLB All-Star Game
1991		 Succeeded by
Jack Murphy Stadium
Preceded by
Luna Park
Buenos Aires		 FIBA World Championship
Final Venue
1994		 Succeeded by
Athens Olympic Indoor Hall
Athens
Preceded by
Ralph Wilson Stadium		 Home of the
Buffalo Bills
2008 – present		 Succeeded by
current (shared with Ralph Wilson Stadium)
Preceded by
Trump Plaza		 Host of WrestleMania VI
1990		 Succeeded by
Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena
Preceded by
Reliant Astrodome		 Host of WrestleMania X8
2002		 Succeeded by
Safeco Field


Canadian National Exhibition Stadium (commonly known as Exhibition Stadium, CNE Stadium or The Ex) was a Multi-purpose stadium that formerly The Toronto Blue Jays are a professional baseball team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Canadian National Exhibition Stadium (commonly known as Exhibition Stadium, CNE Stadium or The Ex) was a Multi-purpose stadium that formerly The Toronto Argonauts are a Canadian Football League team based in Toronto, Ontario. The International Bowl is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA collegiate American football Bowl game played in Toronto, The Toronto Raptors are a professional Basketball team based in Toronto, Ontario. The Wrigley Field is a Baseball Stadium in Chicago, Illinois, United States that has served as the home ballpark of the Chicago The Major League Baseball All-Star Game, also popularly known as the "Midsummer Classic" is an annual Baseball game between players from the National League Champions Major League Baseball World Series: Minnesota Twins over Atlanta Braves (4-3 Jack Morris, MVP Qualcomm Stadium (aka " The Q " " The Murph " formerly known as San Diego Stadium and Jack Murphy Stadium Luna Park is an 8000 seat Arena located on the corner of Corrientes and Leandro N Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern The FIBA World Championship is a world Basketball tournament for men's national teams held quadrennially by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA The 1994 FIBA World Championship was an international Basketball competition hosted by Canada from August 4 to August 14, 1994. The Athens Olympic Sports Complex or OACA ( OAKA in Greek) which stands for Olympic Athletic Center of Athens is the central group of facilities Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Ralph Wilson Stadium is a football Stadium located in the town of Orchard Park, a suburb of Buffalo New York. The Buffalo Bills are a professional American football team based in the Buffalo New York Metropolitan area, playing seven of their home games in the suburb Ralph Wilson Stadium is a football Stadium located in the town of Orchard Park, a suburb of Buffalo New York. Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino is a Trump branded Casino - Hotel resort located on the Boardwalk in Atlantic City New Jersey at Mississippi Avenue Boardwalk Hall, also known as the Historic Atlantic City Convention Hall is an Arena which served as the primary Convention WrestleMania VI was the World Wrestling Federation 's (WWF sixth WrestleMania Professional wrestling Pay-per-view event and the first to Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) The Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena is a multipurpose sports Arena in the University Park neighborhood of Los Angeles California at Exposition For the aeronautical use see Astrodome (aviation Reliant Astrodome, also known as the Houston Astrodome or simply the Astrodome WrestleMania X8 was the eighteenth annual WrestleMania Professional wrestling Pay-per-view produced by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Safeco Field, sometimes referred to as Safeco or The Safe, is a Retractable roof Baseball stadium located in Seattle Washington
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