Don Rodrigo Calderón, Count of Oliva, Marquis de las Siete Iglesias (es: Don Rodrigo Calderón, conde de Oliva, marqués de las Siete Iglesias), (d. October 21, 1621) Spanish favourite and adventurer, was born at Antwerp. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the
His father, Francisco Calderón, a member of a family ennobled by Charles V, was a captain in the army who became afterwards comendador mayor of Aragon, presumably by the help of his son. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Aragon ( Spanish: "Aragón") is an autonomous community of Spain. The mother was a Fleming, said by Calderón to have been a lady by birth and called by him María Sandelin. She is said by others to have been first the mistress and then the wife of Francisco Calderón. Rodrigo is said to have been born out of wedlock.
In 1598 he entered the service of the Duke of Lerma as secretary. Don Francisco Gómez de Sandoval y Rojas, Duke of Lerma ( Seville, 1552/1553 — Valladolid, 1625 the Favourite of Philip The accession of Philip III in that year made Lerma, who had unbounded influence over the king, master of Spain. after he farted he ate chicken and farted some more Philip III (Felipe III April 14, 1578 &ndash March 31, 1621) was the King Calderón, who was active and unscrupulous, made himself the trusted agent of Lerma. In the general scramble for wealth among the worthless intriguers who governed in the name of Philip III, Calderón was conspicuous for greed, audacity and insolence. He was created Count of Oliva, a knight of Santiago, commendador of Ocana in the order and secretary to the king (secretario de cámara). This article deals with the Spanish Order of knighthood For the Portuguese Order see Order of St He was loaded with plunder and made an advantageous marriage with Iñes de Vargas.
As an insolent upstart he was peculiarly odious to the enemies of Lerma. Two religious persons, Juan de Santa Maria, a Franciscan, and Mariana de San José, prioress of La Encarnacion, worked on Queen Margarita, by whose influence Calderón was removed from the secretaryship in 1612. The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic He, however, retained the favor of Lerma, an indolent man to whom Calderón's activity was indispensable.
When Queen Margarita died in childbirth, in October 1611, Calderón was accused of having used witchcraft against her. Witchcraft, in various historical anthropological religious and mythological contexts is the use of certain kinds of Supernatural or magical powers In 1612 he was sent on a special mission to Flanders, and on his return was made Marqués de las Siete Iglesias in 1614. Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Soon after it became generally known that he had ordered the murder of one Francisco de Juaras.
When Lerma was driven from court in 1618 by the intrigues of his own son, the Duke of Uceda, and the king's confessor, the Dominican Aliaga, Calderón was seized upon as an expiatory victim to satisfy public clamour. The Order of Preachers ( Latin: Ordo Praedicatorum) after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is He was arrested, despoiled, and on January 7, 1620 was savagely tortured to make him confess to the several charges of murder and witchcraft brought against him. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Calderón confessed to the murder of Juaras, saying that the man was a pander, and adding that he gave the particular reason by word of mouth since it was more fit to be spoken than written. He steadfastly denied all the other charges of murder and the witchcraft. Some hope of pardon seems to have remained in his mind until he heard the bells tolling for Philip III in March 1621. "He is dead, and I too am dead" was his resigned comment.
One of the first measures of the new reign was to order his execution. Calderón met his fate firmly and with a show of piety on October 21, 1621, and this bearing, together with his broken and prematurely aged appearance, turned public sentiment in his favour. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. The magnificent devotion of his wife helped materially to placate the hatred he had aroused. Bulwer-Lytton made Rodrigo Calderón the hero of his story Calderon the Courtier. Edward George Earle Lytton Bulwer-Lytton 1st Baron Lytton ( May 25, 1803 – To this day a show of inordinate pride is described in Spanish-speaking countries as "con más orgullo que Don Rodrigo en la horca" ("with more pride than Don Rodrigo on the scaffold").
Sources
- Feros, Kingship and Favoritism in the Spain of Philip III, 1598-1621 (Cambridge, 2000);
- Modesto de la Fuente, Historia General de España (Madrid, 1850-1867), vol. xv. pp. 452 et seq. ;
- Quevedo, Obras (Madrid, 1794), vol. x. Grandes Anales de Quince Dias.
- A curious contemporary French pamphlet on him, Histoire admirable et declin pitoyable advenue en la personne d'un favorit de la Cour d'Espagne, is reprinted by M. E. Fournier in Varietés historiques (Paris, 1855), vol. i.
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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