Rococo is a style of 18th century French art and interior design. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system For practical purposes the history of French art has been divided into a series of separate articles accessible through the template to the right Interior design is a practice concerned with anything that is found inside a space - walls windows doors finishes textures light furnishings and furniture Rococo style rooms were designed as total works of art with elegant and ornate furniture, small sculptures, ornamental mirrors, and tapestry complementing architecture, reliefs, and wall paintings. Tapestry is a form of Textile art. It is woven by hand on a vertical Loom. It was largely supplanted by the Neoclassic style. Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and
The word Rococo is seen as a combination of the French rocaille, or shell, and the Italian barocco, or Baroque style. The Catherine Palace (Екатерининский дворец is the Rococo summer residence of the Russian Tsarskoye Selo (Ца́рское Село́ " Tsar 's Village" is a former Russian residence of the imperial family and visiting Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Due to Rococo love of shell-like curves and focus on decorative arts, some critics used the term to derogatively imply that the style was frivolous or merely fashion; interestingly, when the term was first used in English in about 1836, it was a colloquialism meaning "old-fashioned". A colloquialism is an expression not used in formal speech, writing or Paralinguistics. However, since the mid 19th century, the term has been accepted by art historians. Art history is the Academic study of objects of Art in their Historical development and stylistic contexts i While there is still some debate about the historical significance of the style to art in general, Rococo is now widely recognized as a major period in the development of European art.
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Historical development
Rococo developed first in the decorative arts and interior design. Louis XV's succession brought a change in the court artists and general artistic fashion. Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 By the end of the old king's reign, rich Baroque designs were giving way to lighter elements with more curves and natural patterns. These elements are obvious in the architectural designs of Nicolas Pineau. Nicolas Pineau (1684 — 1754 was a French carver and ornamental designer one of the leaders who initiated the exuberant asymmetrical phase of the high Rococo. During the Régence, court life moved away from Versailles and this artistic change became well established, first in the royal palace and then throughout French high society. The Régence is the period in French history between 1715 and 1723, when King Louis XV was a minor and the land was governed The Palace of Versailles, or simply Versailles, is a royal Château in Versailles, in France 's Île-de-France region The delicacy and playfulness of Rococo designs is often seen as perfectly in tune with the excesses of Louis XV's regime. Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774
The 1730s represented the height of Rococo development in France. The style had spread beyond architecture and furniture to painting and sculpture, exemplified by the works of Antoine Watteau and François Boucher. Jean-Antoine Watteau ( October 10, 1684 – July 18, 1721) was a French painter whose brief career spurred the revival of François Boucher ( September 29 1703 – May 30 1770) was a French painter, a proponent of Rococo taste Rococo still maintained the Baroque taste for complex forms and intricate patterns, but by this point, it had begun to integrate a variety of diverse characteristics, including a taste for Oriental designs and asymmetric compositions.
The Rococo style spread with French artists and engraved publications. It was readily received in the Catholic parts of Germany, Bohemia, and Austria, where it was merged with the lively German Baroque traditions. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich German Rococo was applied with enthusiasm to churches and palaces, particularly in the south, while Frederician Rococo developed in the Kingdom of Prussia. Frederician Rococo is a form of Rococo, which developed in Prussia during the reign of Frederick the Great and combined influences from both France The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising Architects often draped their interiors in clouds of fluffy white stucco. In Italy, the late Baroque styles of Borromini and Guarini set the tone for Rococo in Turin, Venice, Naples and Sicily, while the arts in Tuscany and Rome remained more wedded to Baroque. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Francesco Borromini, byname of Francesco Castelli (b Bissone, Ticino, September 25, 1599; Rome, August 3, Camillo-Guarino Guarini ( 7 January 1624 &ndash 6 March 1683) was an Italian architect of the Piedmontese Baroque
Rococo in England was always thought of as the "French taste. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France " The architectural stylings never caught on, though silverwork, porcelain, and silks were strongly influenced by the continental style. Thomas Chippendale transformed English furniture design through his adaptation and refinement of the style. Thomas Chippendale ( Otley, near Leeds baptised - November 1779 was a London Cabinet-maker and furniture designer in the mid-Georgian William Hogarth helped develop a theoretical foundation for Rococo beauty. William Hogarth (10 November 1697 &ndash 26 October 1764 was a major English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic Though not intentionally referencing the movement, he argued in his Analysis of Beauty (1753) that the undulating lines and S-curves prominent in Rococo were the basis for grace and beauty in art or nature (unlike the straight line or the circle in Classicism). For the works or study of works from classical antiquity see Classics Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to The development of Rococo in England is considered to have been connected with the revival of interest in Gothic architecture early in the 18th century. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period.
The beginning of the end for Rococo came in the early 1760s as figures like Voltaire and Jacques-François Blondel began to voice their criticism of the superficiality and degeneracy of the art. François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French Jacques-François Blondel ( Rouen, January 17, 1705 — January 9 1774) was a French architect Blondel decried the "ridiculous jumble of shells, dragons, reeds, palm-trees and plants" in contemporary interiors[1]. By 1785, Rococo had passed out of fashion in France, replaced by the order and seriousness of Neoclassical artists like Jacques Louis David. Jacques-Louis David (August 30 1748 &ndash December 29 1825 was a highly influential French painter in the Neoclassical style considered to be In Germany, late 18th century Rococo was riduculed as Zopf und Perücke ("pigtail and periwig"), and this phase is sometimes referred to as Zopfstil. Rococo remained popular in the provinces and in Italy, until the second phase of neoclassicism, "Empire style," arrived with Napoleonic governments and swept Rococo away. The Empire Style, sometimes considered the second phase of Neoclassicism, is an early-19th-century Design movement in Architecture, Furniture
There was a renewed interest in the Rococo style between 1820 and 1870. The English were among the first to revive the "Louis XIV style" as it was miscalled at first, and paid inflated prices for second-hand Rococo luxury goods that could scarcely be sold in Paris. But prominent artists like Delacroix and patrons like Empress Eugénie also rediscovered the value of grace and playfulness in art and design. Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 &ndash 13 August 1863 was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of Eugenie redirects here For other people called Eugenie see Eugenie (disambiguation Empress The last Empress of the French was born
Rococo in different artistic modes
Furniture and decorative objects
The lighthearted themes and intricate designs of Rococo presented themselves best on a smaller scale than the imposing Baroque architecture and sculpture. It is not surprising, then, that French Rococo art was at home indoors. Metalwork, porcelain figures,frills and especially furniture rose to new pre-eminence as the French upper classes sought to outfit their homes in the now fashionable style.
Rococo style took pleasure in asymmetry, a taste that was new to European style. This practice of leaving elements unbalanced for effect is called contraste.
During the Rococo period, furniture was lighthearted, physically and visually. The idea of furniture had evolved from a symbol of status and took on a role in comfort and versatility. Furniture could be easily moved around for gatherings, and many specialized forms came to be such as the fauteuil chair, the voyeuse chair, and the berger en gondola. Changes in design of these chairs ranges from cushioned detached arms, lengthening of the cushioned back (also known as "hammerhead") and a loose seat cushion. Furniture was also freestanding, instead of being anchored by the wall, to accentuate the lighthearted atmosphere and versatility of each piece. Mahogany was widely used in furniture construction due to its strength, resulting in the absence of the stretcher as seen on many chairs of the time. Also, the use of mirrors hung above mantels became ever more popular in light of the development of unblemished glass.
In a full-blown Rococo design, like the Table d'appartement (ca. 1730), by German designer J. A. Meissonnier, working in Paris (illustration, below), any reference to tectonic form is gone: even the marble slab top is shaped. Apron, legs, stretcher have all been seamlessly integrated into a flow of opposed c-scrolls and "rocaille. " The knot (noeud) of the stretcher shows the asymmetrical "contraste" that was a Rococo innovation.
For small plastic figures of gypsum, clay, biscuit, porcelain (Sèvres, Meissen), Rococo is not unsuitable; in wood, iron, and royal metal, it has created some valuable works. Gypsum is a very soft Mineral composed of Calcium sulfate dihydrate with the Chemical formula Ca[[sulfur S]] O 4·2 Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and Bisque, also biscuit is a fired piece of unglazed Ceramic ware Porcelain is a Ceramic material made by heating raw materials generally including Clay in the form of Kaolin, in a Kiln to temperatures Sèvres is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. Meissen (in German orthography: Meißen; Sorbian: Mišno; Misena Misnia Misnensium is a Town of approximately 30000 near However, confessionals, pulpits, altars, and even facades lead ever more into the territory of the architectonic, which does not easily combine with the curves of Rococo, the light and the petty, with forms whose whence and wherefore baffle inquiry. A confessional is a small enclosed booth used for the Sacrament of Penance, often called Confession, or Reconciliation A pulpit (from Latin pulpitum "scaffold" "platform" "stage" is a small elevated platform where a member of the clergy stands An altar is any structure upon which Sacrifices or other offerings are made for religious purposes or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place
Dynasties of Parisian ébénistes, some of them German-born, developed a style of surfaces curved in three dimensions (bombé), where matched veneers (marquetry temporarily being in eclipse) or vernis martin japanning was effortlessly complemented by gilt-bronze ("ormolu") mounts: Antoine Gaudreau, Charles Cressent, Jean-Pierre Latz, François Oeben, Bernard II van Risenbergh are the outstanding names. Marquetry is the Craft of covering a structural carcass with pieces of veneer forming decorative patterns designs or pictures Antoine-Robert Gaudreau (c 1680 — 1751 was a Parisian ébéniste who was appointed Ébéniste du Roi. Charles Cressent (1685 - 1768 was a French furniture-maker sculptor and fondeur-ciseleur of the Régence
French designers like François de Cuvilliés, Nicholas Pineau and Bartolomeo Rastrelli exported Parisian styles in person to Munich and Saint Petersburg, while the German Juste-Aurèle Meissonier found his career at Paris. François de Cuvilliés ( 23 October, 1695, Soignies, Hainaut — 14 April 1768, Munich) was a Belgian-born Francesco Bartolomeo Rastrelli (Russian Франче́ско Бартоломе́о Растре́лли ( Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Juste Aurèle Meissonier (1695-1750 was a French Goldsmith, sculptor, painter, Architect, and Furniture designer. The guiding spirits of the Parisian rococo were a small group of marchands-merciers, the forerunners of modern decorators, led by Simon-Philippenis Poirier.
In France the style remained somewhat more reserved, since the ornaments were mostly of wood, or, after the fashion of wood-carving, less robust and naturalistic and less exuberant in the mixture of natural with artificial forms of all kinds (e. g. plant motives, stalactitic representations, grotesques, masks, implements of various professions, badges, paintings, precious stones).
English Rococo tended to be more restrained. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Thomas Chippendale's furniture designs kept the curves and feel, but stopped short of the French heights of whimsy. The most successful exponent of English Rococo was probably Thomas Johnson, a gifted carver and furniture designer working in London in the mid 1700s. Thomas Johnson (1714-1778 was an English wood carver and furniture maker
Interior design
Solitude Palace in Stuttgart and Chinese Palace in Oranienbaum, the Bavarian church of Wies and Sanssouci in Potsdam are examples of how Rococo made its way into European architecture. Castle Solitude in Germany (also known as Solitude Palace was built as a hunting lodge between 1764 and 1769 Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Oranienbaum (Ораниенба́ум is a Russian royal residence located on the Gulf of Finland west of St Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Wies is a town in the district of Deutschlandsberg in Styria in Austria. Sanssouci is the former summer palace of Frederick the Great, King of Prussia, at Potsdam, near Also see Potsdam New York (in the USA For the Potsdam Conference see Potsdam Conference.
In those Continental contexts where Rococo is fully in control, sportive, fantastic, and sculptured forms are expressed with abstract ornament using flaming, leafy or shell-like textures in asymmetrical sweeps and flourishes and broken curves; intimate Rococo interiors suppress architectonic divisions of architrave, frieze and cornice for the picturesque, the curious, and the whimsical, expressed in plastic materials like carved wood and above all stucco (as in the work of the Wessobrunner School). Stucco or render is a material made of an aggregate, a binder, and water The Wessobrunner School is the name for a group of Baroque stucco-workers that beginning at the end of the 17th century developed in the Benedictine Wessobrunn Walls, ceiling, furniture, and works of metal and porcelain present a unified ensemble. Furniture is the Mass noun for the movable objects which may support the human body (seating furniture and beds, provide storage or hold objects on horizontal Porcelain is a Ceramic material made by heating raw materials generally including Clay in the form of Kaolin, in a Kiln to temperatures The Rococo palette is softer and paler than the rich primary colors and dark tonalities favored in Baroque tastes.
A few anti-architectural hints rapidly evolved into full-blown Rococo at the end of the 1720s and began to affect interiors and decorative arts throughout Europe. The decorative arts are traditionally defined as ornamental and functional works in Ceramic, Wood, Glass, Metal, or Textile. The richest forms of German Rococo are in Catholic Germany (illustration, above).
Rococo plasterwork by immigrant Italian-Swiss artists like Bagutti and Artari is a feature of houses by James Gibbs, and the Franchini brothers working in Ireland equalled anything that was attempted in England. James Gibbs (1682-1754 was one of Britain 's most influential Architects Born in Scotland, he trained as an architect in Rome, and practised
Inaugurated in some rooms in Versailles, it unfolds its magnificence in several Parisian buildings (especially the Hôtel Soubise). The Hôtel de Soubise is a city Mansion Entre cour et jardin, located at 60 Rue des Francs-Bourgeois, in the IIIe arrondissement of In Germany, French and German artists (Cuvilliés, Neumann, Knobelsdorff, etc. François de Cuvilliés ( 23 October, 1695, Soignies, Hainaut — 14 April 1768, Munich) was a Belgian-born ( January 27, 1687 - August 19, 1753) was a German military engineer and Architect who developed a refined brand of Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff (17 February 1699 at Kuckädel in Crossen an der Oder ( Krosno Odrzańskie) – 16 September 1753 in Berlin) was a painter ) effected the dignified equipment of the Amalienburg near Munich, and the castles of Würzburg, Potsdam, Charlottenburg, Brühl, Bruchsal, Solitude (Stuttgart), and Schönbrunn. Amalienburg is a hunting lodge constructed in 1734 -1739 by François de Cuvilliés for Charles VII and his wife Maria Amalia of Austria Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Würzburg (ˈvʏɐ̯ʦbʊɐ̯k is a city in the region of Franconia which lies in the northern tip of Bavaria, Germany Also see Potsdam New York (in the USA For the Potsdam Conference see Potsdam Conference. Charlottenburg is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, named after Queen Sophia Charlotte (1668-1705 Brühl is a city in Germany, located 20 km south of Cologne, in the Rhein-Erft-Kreis. Bruchsal (orig Bruohselle Bruaselle is a city at the western edge of the Kraichgau, approximately 20 km Northeast of Karlsruhe in the state of Baden-Württemberg Castle Solitude in Germany (also known as Solitude Palace was built as a hunting lodge between 1764 and 1769 Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Schönbrunn Palace (Schloss Schönbrunn) in Vienna is one of the most important cultural monuments in Austria and since the 1860s has also been one of the major
In England, one of Hogarth's set of paintings forming a melodramatic morality tale titled Marriage à la Mode, engraved in 1745, shows the parade rooms of a stylish London house, in which the only rococo is in plasterwork of the salon's ceiling. William Hogarth (10 November 1697 &ndash 26 October 1764 was a major English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, social critic Palladian architecture is in control. PLEASE DO NOT ADD AN INFO BOX TO THIS PAGE --> Palladian architecture is a European style of Architecture derived from the designs of the Italian Here, on the Kentian mantel, the crowd of Chinese vases and mandarins are satirically rendered as hideous little monstrosities, and the Rococo wall clock is a jumble of leafy branches. William Kent (born in Bridlington, Yorkshire, c 1685 &ndash 12 April 1748) was an eminent English Architect, Landscape
In general, Rococo is an entirely interior style, because the wealthy and aristocratic moved back to Paris from Versailles. Paris was already built up and so rather than engaging in major architectural additions, they simply renovated the interiors of the existing buildings.
Painting
Though Rococo originated in the purely decorative arts, the style showed clearly in painting. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France These painters used delicate colors and curving forms, decorating their canvases with cherubs and myths of love. Portraiture was also popular among Rococo painters. Some works show a sort of naughtiness or impurity in the behavior of their subjects, showing the historical trend of departing away from the Baroque's church/state orientation. Landscapes were pastoral and often depicted the leisurely outings of aristocratic couples.
Jean-Antoine Watteau (1684–1721) is generally considered the first great Rococo painter. Jean-Antoine Watteau ( October 10, 1684 – July 18, 1721) was a French painter whose brief career spurred the revival of He had a great influence on later painters, including François Boucher (1703–1770) and Jean-Honoré Fragonard (1732–1806), two masters of the late period. François Boucher ( September 29 1703 – May 30 1770) was a French painter, a proponent of Rococo taste Jean-Honoré Fragonard ( April 5, 1732 &ndash August 22, 1806) was a French painter and Printmaker whose late Rococo Even Thomas Gainsborough's (1727–1788) delicate touch and sensitivity are reflective of the Rococo spirit. Thomas Gainsborough (christened 14 May 1727 &ndash died 2 August 1788 was one of the most famous portrait and landscape painters of 18th century Britain. Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Le Brun's (1755-1842) style also shows a great deal of Rococo influence, particularly in her portraits of Marie Antoinette. Élisabeth-Louise Vigée-Le Brun ( April 16, 1755 - March 30, 1842) was a French painter, and is recognized as the most famous woman Maria Antonia Josepha Johanna von Habsburg-Lothringen (November 2 1755 &ndash October 16 1793 known to history as Marie Antoinette ( pronounced /maʀi ɑ̃ntwanɛt/
Sculpture
Sculpture was another area that Rococo artists branched into. Étienne-Maurice Falconet (1716–1791) is widely considered one of the best representatives of French Rococo. Étienne Maurice Falconet (1716 - 1791 is counted among the first rank of French Rococo sculptors, whose patron was Mme de Pompadour. In general, this style was best expressed through delicate porcelain sculpture rather than imposing marble statues. Falconet himself was director of a famous porcelain factory at Sèvres. Sèvres is a commune in the southwestern suburbs of Paris, France. The themes of love and gaiety were reflected in sculpture, as were elements of nature, curving lines and asymmetry.
The sculptor Bouchardon represented Cupid engaged in carving his darts of love from the club of Hercules; this serves as an excellent symbol of the Rococo style—the demigod is transformed into the soft child, the bone-shattering club becomes the heart-scathing arrows, just as marble is so freely replaced by stucco. Edmé Bouchardon ( 29 May 1698 - 27 July 1762) was a French sculptor, esteemed in his day as the greatest sculptor of his In Roman mythology, Cupid (Latin cupido) is the god of Erotic Love and Beauty. Hercules is the Roman name for the Mythical Greek hero Heracles, son of Zeus and the mortal Alcmena. Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of In this connection, the French sculptors, Robert le Lorrain, Michel Clodion, and Pigalle may be mentioned in passing. Claude Michel, known as Clodion ( December 20, 1738 – March 29, 1814) was a French sculptor in the Rococo Jean-Baptiste Pigalle ( January 26, 1714 &ndash August 28, 1785) was a French sculptor.
Music
The Galante Style was the equivalent of Rococo in music history, too, between Baroque and Classical, and it is not easy to define in words. A new style of Classical music, fashionable from the 1720s to the 1770s was called Galante music. This article is about the academic field of music history. For a chronological overview of music see History of music. The rococo music style itself developed out of baroque music, particularly in France. It can be characterized as intimate music with extremely refined decoration forms. Exemplars include Jean Philippe Rameau and Louis-Claude Daquin. Jean-Philippe Rameau (ʒɑ̃filip ʀaˈmo in French (September 25 1683 – September 12 1764 was one of the most important French Composers and music theorists Louis-Claude Daquin (or d'Acquin (July 4 1694 &ndash June 15 1772 was a French Composer of Jewish birth writing in the Baroque and Galant
Boucher's painting (above) provides a glimpse of the society which Rococo reflected. "Courtly" would be pretentious in this upper bourgeois circle, yet the man's gesture is gallant. The stylish but cozy interior, the informal decorous intimacy of people's manners, the curious and delightful details everywhere one turns one's eye, the luxury of sipping chocolate: all are "galante. "
Rococo "worldliness" and the Roman Catholic Church
A critical view of the unsuitable nature of Rococo in ecclesiastical contexts was taken up by the Catholic Encyclopedia:
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For the church the Rococo style may be, generally speaking, compared with worldly church music. Its lack of simplicity, earnestness, and repose is evident, while its obtrusive artificiality, unnaturalness, and triviality have a distracting effect. Its softness and prettiness likewise do not become the house of God. However, shorn of its most grievous outgrowths, it may have been less distracting during its proper epoch, since it then harmonized with the spirit of the age. As a development of Baroque, it will be found a congruous decoration for baroque churches. In general it makes a vast difference whether the style is used with moderation in the finer and more ingenious form of the French masters, or is carried to extremes with the consistency of the German. The French artists seem ever to have regarded the beauty of the whole composition as the chief object, while the German laid most stress on the bold vigour of the lines; thus, the lack of symmetry was never so exaggerated in the works of the former. In the church Rococo may at times have the charm of prettiness and may please by its ingenious technic, provided the objects be small and subordinate: a credence table with cruets and plate, a vase, a choir desk, lamps, pens, key and lock, railings or balustrade, do not too boldly challenge the eye, and fulfill all the requirements of mere beauty of form. A Credence table is a small side table in the Sanctuary of a Christian church which is used in the celebration of the Eucharist. Rococo is indeed really empty, solely a pleasing play of the fancy. In the sacristy (for presses etc. ) and ante chambers it is more suitable than in the church itself—at least so far as its employment in conspicuous places is concerned. The Rococo style accords very ill with the solemn office of the monstrance, the tabernacle, and the altar, and even of the pulpit. A monstrance is the vessel used in the Roman Catholic, Old Catholic, and Anglican Churches to display the consecrated Eucharistic Host A Tabernacle is the fixed locked box in which in some Christian churches the Eucharist is "reserved" (stored An altar is any structure upon which Sacrifices or other offerings are made for religious purposes or some other sacred place where ceremonies take place A pulpit (from Latin pulpitum "scaffold" "platform" "stage" is a small elevated platform where a member of the clergy stands The naturalism of certain Belgian pulpits, in spite or perhaps on account of their artistic character, has the same effect as have outspoken Rococo creations. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The purpose of the confessional and the baptistery would also seem to demand more earnest forms. A confessional is a small enclosed booth used for the Sacrament of Penance, often called Confession, or Reconciliation In Christian architecture the baptistery or baptistry ( Latin baptisterium) is the separate centrally-planned structure surrounding the In the case of the larger objects, the sculpture of Rococo forms either seems pretty, or, if this prettiness be avoided, resembles Baroque. The phantasies of this style agree ill with the lofty and broad walls of the church. However, everything must be decided according to the object and circumstances; the stalls in the cathedral of Mainz elicit not only our approval but also our admiration, while the celebrated privileged altar of Vierzehnheiligen repels us both by its forms and its plastic decoration. Mainz (ˈmaɪ̯nʦ (Mayence is a City in Germany and the capital of the German federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. There are certain Rococo chalices (like that at the monastery of Einsiedeln) which are, as one might say, decked out in choice festive array; there are others, which are more or less misshapen owing to their bulging curves or figures. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. Einsiedeln is a Benedictine Monastery in Einsiedeln town, in the Canton of Schwyz, Switzerland, dedicated to Our Lady of the Chandeliers and lamps may also be disfigured by obtrusive shellwork or want of all symmetry, or may amid great decorativeness be kept within reasonable limits. The material and technique are also of consequence in Rococo. Woven materials, wood carvings, and works in plaster of Paris are evidently less obtrusive than works in other materials, when they employ the sportive Rococo. This article describes textile weaving For other senses of this word see Weaving (disambiguation. Wood carving is a form of working wood by means of a cutting tool held in the hand (this may be a power tool resulting in a wooden figure or figurine (this may be abstract The term plaster can refer to plaster of Paris Lime plaster, or Cement plaster. Iron (especially in railings) and bronze lose their coldness and hardness, when animated by the Rococo style; in the case of the latter, gilding may be used with advantage. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus Gilding is the art of applying a thin layer of gold simulated gold or other metal to a surface Gilding and painting belong to the regular means through which this style, under certain circumstances, enchants the eye and fancy. All things considered, we may say of the Rococo style—as has not unreasonably been said of the Baroque and of the Renaissance—that it is very apt to introduce a worldly spirit into the church, even if we overlook the figural accessories, which are frequently in no way conducive to sentiments of devotion, and are incompatible with the sobriety and greatness of the architecture and with the seriousness of sacred functions. |
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See also
External links
The Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rococo art. Architecture The Rococo enters Portugal through the north while Lisbon, due to the court pomp remains in the Baroque The Queluz National Palace ( Palácio Nacional de Queluz) is a Portuguese 18th-century palace located at A cultural movement is a change in the way a number of different disciplines approach their work The Cathedral Church of Saint Mary in Murcia (Spanish Iglesia Catedral de Santa María en Murcia) commonly called the Cathedral of Murcia, is an important landmark Gilded woodcarving Gilded woodcarving in Portugal is along with the Tile, one of its most original and rich artistic expressions - The Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rococo architecture.
- The Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rococo sculptures.
- The Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rococo furniture.
- Examples
- Rococo in the "History of Art"
- Rococo Style Guide. British Galleries. Victoria and Albert Museum. The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design housing a permanent collection Retrieved on 2007-07-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and
Further reading
- Fiske Kimball, 1943. Creation of the Rococo (Reprinted as The Creation of the Rococo Decorative Style, 1980).
- Arno Schönberger and Halldor Soehner, 1960. The Age of Rococo Published in the US as The Rococo Age: Art and Civilization of the 18th Century (Originally published in German, 1959).
- Michael Levey, 1980. Painting in Eighteenth-Century Venice, (Revised edition).
- Pal Kelemen, 1967. Baroque and Rococo in Latin America, (2nd edition).
Dictionary
rococo
-noun
- A style of baroque architecture and decorative art, from 18th century France, having elaborate ornamentation.
-adjective
- Of, or relating to the rococo style.
- Over-elaborate or complicated.
- Old-fashioned.
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