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A rocket launch site or launch complex is a facility at which rocket launches are conducted. A rocket launch is the first phase of the flight of a Rocket. It has usually one or more launch pads or suitable sites to mount a transportable launch pad. A launch pad is the area and facilities where rockets or spacecrafts liftoff For launch vehicles with liquid propellant, suitable storage facilities and, in some cases, production facilities are necessary. In Spaceflight, a launch vehicle or carrier rocket is a Rocket used to carry a payload from the Earth's surface into Outer space. On-site processing facilities for solid propellants are also common. A launch site usually has an associated rocket range, which covers a much larger area than the launch site, over which the rockets are expected to fly. A rocket range or missile range is a large area associated with a Rocket launch site.

Contents

Overview

A rocket launch site is built as far as possible away from major population centers in order to mitigate risk to bystanders should a rocket experience a catastrophic failure. In many cases a launch site is built close to major bodies of water to ensure that no components are shed over populated areas.

Orbital launch vehicle sites for satellites and interplanetary probes are called spaceports. A spaceport or cosmodrome is a site for launching Spacecraft, by analogy with Seaport for Ships or Airport for Aircraft The best known spaceports are Cape Canaveral in Florida, Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, Russia's Baikonur in Kazakhstan and Kourou in French Guyana. Cape Canaveral from the Spanish Cabo Cañaveral, is a headland in Brevard County Florida, United States, near the center of that Vandenberg Air Force Base is a United States military installation with a Spaceport, in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Baikonur ( Kazakh: Байқоңыр Russian: Байконур formerly known as Leninsk, is a city in Kyzylorda Province of Kazakhstan Kourou is a town and commune in French Guiana, an overseas ''région'' and ''département'' of France located in South America Spaceports are usually constructed as close to the equator as possible. Launching near Earth's equator allows rockets launching eastbound to receive extra velocity from Earth's rotation, allowing launch vehicles to potentially carry more payload.

In Europe, outside of Russia, there are only launch sites for suborbital rockets. A sub-orbital spaceflight (or sub-orbital flight is a Spaceflight in which the Spacecraft reaches space, but its Trajectory intersects Esrange and Salto di Quirra are the most important. Esrange is a rocket range and Research centre located outside the town of Kiruna in northern Sweden. Salto di Quirra is a Rocket launching site near Perdasdefogu on Sardinia (geographical coordinates

While Germany currently possesses no launch sites due to its relatively small size and high population density, prior to 1945 the Nazi German government utilized several launch sites in continental Europe. These were: from 1936 to 1945, Peenemünde, for flight tests of the A4-ballistic missile; from 1957 to 1964, the mud-flats near Cuxhaven, where the Hermann Oberth society and the Berthold-Seliger-Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft launched many rocket designs as the Kumulus and the Cirrus; and from 1988 to 1992, in Zingst, where there was a launch site for Russian vehicles of the type MMR06-M. Peenemünde (peːnəˈmʏndə is a village in the northeast of the German (Western part of the Usedom island See also Vergeltungswaffe The V-2 rocket ( Vergeltungswaffe 2 was the first Ballistic missile and first man-made object to achieve Between 1933 and 1964 numerous rocket experiments were carried out in the area of Cuxhaven, Germany. The Hermann Oberth society is an association named after Hermann Oberth the great German astronautics pioneer which uses itself for the new generation of Engineers The Berthold Seliger Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH (BSFEGmbH was a company founded by Berthold Seliger in 1961, which developed and built Prototypes This article is about a rocket for clouds visit Cumulus. Kumulus is the name of a Rocket of the " Hermann-Oberth-Gesellschaft The Cirrus is a Sounding rocket with two stages developed by the " Hermann Oberth Society " Zingst Peninsula is the easternmost portion of the three-part Fischland-Darß-Zingst Peninsula located in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany between the cities The MMR06 is a Russian Rocket for Meteorological experiments with a length of 3 In the 1970s Poland launched suborbital sounding rockets of the type Meteor from military training camps near Łeba and Ustka. Łeba ( Kashubian / Pomeranian: Leba; Leba is a town in Middle Pomerania, Poland, located near Łebsko Lake and Ustka (Stolpmünde Kashubian and Pomeranian: Ùskô) is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northwestern Poland with 17100

Launch sites for orbital launch vehicles

Launch sites for suborbital rockets in Europe

Abandoned launch sites in Europe

Launch sites for suborbital rockets in Asia

Launch sites for suborbital rockets in Africa

Launch sites for suborbital rockets in Oceania

Launch sites for suborbital rockets in North America

Launch sites for suborbital rockets in South America

Launch sites for suborbital rockets in polar regions and islands far away from continents

Launch sites used for rockets with low maximum altitude (<10 km)

External links

See also

The Baikonur Cosmodrome ( Kazakh: Байқоңыр ғарыш айлағы, Bayqoñır ğarış aylağı; Russian: Космодром The Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS is a detachment of the 45th Space Wing (45 SW Patrick AFB provides headquarters functions from the 45 SW a major airfield Gran Canaria (in English " Grand Canary " is an island of the Canary Islands, an Archipelago located in the Atlantic Ocean 210 km from Hammaguir is a town in Algeria, south-west of Béchar. Between 1947 and 1967 there was a Rocket launch site near Hammaguir used by France for Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center ( JSLC) () is a People's Republic of China Space vehicle launch facility ( Spaceport) in the Gobi desert Kapustin Yar ( Russian Капустин Яр today Знаменск/Znamensk is a Russian rocket launch and development site in the Astrakhan Oblast, between The John F Kennedy Space Center ( KSC) is the NASA Space vehicle launch facility and Launch Control Center ( Spaceport) on The Kodiak Launch Complex (KLC is a commercial rocket launch facility for sub-orbital and orbital space launch vehicles owned and operated by the Alaska Aerospace Development Corporation The Guiana Space Centre, or more commonly Centre Spatial Guyanais (CSG is a French Spaceport near Kourou in French Guiana. Kwajalein Atoll ( Marshallese: Kuwajleen; kʷuwːɔ͡ɛt̪ʲl̪ʲɪn̪ʲ common English pronunciation ˈkwɑːʤəlɨ̞n often nicknamed Kwaj Palmachim (פלמחים is a Kibbutz in central Israel. Located about ten kilometers south of the Tel Aviv area among the Sand dunes of Plesetsk Cosmodrome ( Russian: Космодром «Плесецк») is a Russian Point Arguello is a launch site of the United States Air Force at. The San Marco Platform (also known as Luigi Broglio Space Centre after its founder Luigi Broglio) is a Spaceport platform on an old oil Sriharikota (Telugu శ్రీహరికోట also Sriharikote) is a Barrier island off the coast of the southern state of Andhra Pradesh Svobodny (Свобо́дный is a Russian Rocket launch site used since 1996 and located in the Amur Oblast. The Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center (TSLC ( also known as Base 25 （二十五基地） is a People's Republic of China space and defence launch facility The (TNSC is one of Japan's space development facilities It is located on Tanegashima Island, 115 km south of Kyūshū. The is a space launch facility close to the Japanese city of Uchinoura, in Kagoshima Prefecture. is the capital city of Kagoshima Prefecture at the southwestern tip of the Kyūshū island of Japan, and the largest city in the prefecture by some Vandenberg Air Force Base is a United States military installation with a Spaceport, in Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Wallops Flight Facility (WFF, located on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, is operated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ’s (NASA Goddard Wenchang Satellite Launch Center (WSLC ( located near Wenchang City on the north-east coast of Hainan Island, is a former Sub-orbital test center and currently The Woomera Test Facility (formerly known as the Instrumented Range) is an aerospace testing facility with the Range Head located at just north-west of Lake Koolymilka (usually The Xichang Satellite Launch Center (XSLC ( also known as Base 27 （二十七基地） is a People’s Republic of China Space vehicle launch facility Aberporth is a Village in Ceredigion on the west coast of Wales. Andøya Rocket Range is a Rocket launch site and Rocket range on Andøya island (the northernmost in the Vesterålen archipelago in Andøy Biscarrosse is a town and commune in the Landes département of western France, located south west of Bordeaux (50 El Arenosillo is the name of a Rocket launch site for Suborbital Rockets for Atmospheric soundings located near Mazagón in Spain Esrange is a rocket range and Research centre located outside the town of Kiruna in northern Sweden. Île du Levant, sometimes referred to as Le Levant, is a Mediterranean French island off the coast of the Riviera, near Toulon. Nenoksa is a Rocket launching site of the Russian Navy at. Since 1965 numerous rockets of the types R-27, R-29, Rif and Gnom were Salto di Quirra is a Rocket launching site near Perdasdefogu on Sardinia (geographical coordinates South Uist ( Scottish Gaelic: Uibhist a Deas) is an Island of the Outer Hebrides in Scotland. SvalRak (Svalbard Rakettskytefelt is the name of a Launch site for sounding Rockets in the neighbourhood of Ny-Ålesund on Spitsbergen at. Blizna Podlaskie Voivodeship Blizna is a Village in the administrative district of Gmina Ostrów, within Ropczyce-Sędziszów County, Subcarpathian Cuxhaven is a large independent town and seat of the Cuxhaven district, in Lower Saxony, Germany. Karystos (Κάρυστος is a small coastal Town on the Greek Island of Euboea. Łeba ( Kashubian / Pomeranian: Leba; Leba is a town in Middle Pomerania, Poland, located near Łebsko Lake and Kronogård is the name of a launch site for sounding rockets in North Sweden at. Marka is the designation of a locality in Southern Norway, at coordinates. Peenemünde (peːnəˈmʏndə is a village in the northeast of the German (Western part of the Usedom island Greifswalder Oie is a small island in the Baltic Sea, located east of Rügen on the German coast The Tuchola Forest (Bory Tucholskie Tëchòlsczé Bòrë Tuchler or Tucheler Heide is a large Forest near the town of Tuchola ( Tucheln) in northern Ustka (Stolpmünde Kashubian and Pomeranian: Ùskô) is a town in the Middle Pomerania region of northwestern Poland with 17100 The village Vík in the south of Iceland is indicated on road signs from a long distance (about 180  km from Reykjavík) despite its Zingst Peninsula is the easternmost portion of the three-part Fischland-Darß-Zingst Peninsula located in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany between the cities is the capital city of Akita Prefecture in the Tohoku region of Japan. Al Anbar (الأنبار al-’Anbār or Anbar) is the largest province in Iraq geographically Anhueng is a launch site for sounding rockets in South Korea, located at 36°25' northern latitude and 126°06' eastern length WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Balasore (also known as Baleswar or Baleshwar) is a city in Orissa state of Dombarovskiy is an ICBM base located near Yasny in Orenburg Oblast, Russia. Shahroud (شاهرود (also Shahrood, Shahrud, Emamshahr, and Emamrud) is a city in Semnan province of Iran. Gan ( Div: ގަން is the southernmost island of Addu Atoll, as well as the southernmost island of the Maldives. Goheung County ( Goheung-gun) is a county in South Jeolla Province South Korea. Haikou ( Pinyin: Hǎikǒu situated at the north of Hainan island is the Capital of Hainan Province of the People's Republic of China Hama-Allepo is a launch site for the test of military Rockets in Syria located at. ( Russian Kharbin) is a Sub-provincial city and the Capital of the Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China. Jingyu is the name of a military rocket launch site in China at. Kheysa was a former Soviet Rocket launching site located on Heiss Island, Franz Josef Land. Lapan Space Center is a facility for Rocket launches at Tjulitan, Jawa Barat, Jawa, Indonesia at 6°16' S and 106°52' E Musudan-ri is a Rocket launching site in North Korea. It lies in southern North Hamgyong province near the northern tip of the East Korea The Negev (נֶגֶב Tiberian vocalization: Néḡeḇ) is the Desert region of southern Israel. a Volcanic Island in the Izu Islands and administered by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Japan, lies south of Tokyo and east of Obachi is a launch site for meteorological Rockets and Rockoons on Hokkaidō, Japan at. Ryori is a launching site for Sounding rockets in Japan at in Iwate Prefecture. Sary Shagan is an Anti-ballistic missile testing range located in Kazakhstan at coordinates. Sriharikota (Telugu శ్రీహరికోట also Sriharikote) is a Barrier island off the coast of the southern state of Andhra Pradesh Guangde Rocket Launch Site (广德火箭发射场 also known as Base 603 (603基地 is a suborbital launch site that was operated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Sonmiani is a coastal town in the southeast of Balochistan province in Pakistan, approximately 45 kilometres northwest of Karachi. Thumba is a fishing village near Thiruvananthapuram, capital of Kerala, India. Tilla is an eastward continuation of the Salt Range in Jhelum District, Punjab, Pakistan, 3242 feet above the sea The Overberg Test Range or OTB ( Afrikaans Abbreviation for Overberg Toetsbaan) is a Rocket launch site and weapons systems testing Reggane (رقان is a town in the Adrar Province of central Algeria, in the Sahara Desert. Seba Oasis was the test site of the OTRAG rockets at in Libya, after launching was no longer possible in Shaba North in Zaire (now Democratic Republic Shaba North was the launch site of the first rockets launched by Orbital Transport und Raketen AktienGesellschaft or Orbital Forwarding Company in English (" The Woomera Test Facility (formerly known as the Instrumented Range) is an aerospace testing facility with the Range Head located at just north-west of Lake Koolymilka (usually Arecibo (ah-re-SEE-boh is a municipality in the northern midwest coast of Puerto Rico and located by the Atlantic Ocean north of Utuado and Ciales Black Mesa is a Rocket testing facility of the US Army in Utah. Charlestown is a town in Washington County, Rhode Island, United States. Blue Origin is a privately-funded Aerospace company set up by Amazon Datil may refer to Datil New Mexico A rocket launch site in the U Eareckson Air Station is a military Airbase located on the island of Shemya, in the Alaskan Aleutian Islands. Eglin Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located southwest of Valparaiso in Okaloosa County, Florida, United States Fort Bliss is a United States Army Military installation of approximately -- the second largest in the Army behind the adjacent White Sands Missile Fort Churchill is a Rocket launching complex located in Churchill Manitoba at. Fort Greely is a United States Army Launch site for Anti-ballistic missiles located approximately 100 miles southeast of Fairbanks Alaska. Fort Wingate is located near Gallup New Mexico. There were two locations in New Mexico that had this name Gilson Butte is a Rocket Launch site of the US military situated at. Holloman Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located six miles (10 km) southwest of the Central business district of Alamogordo The Keweenaw rocket launch site was an isolated launch pad located in U Mercury is a town in Nye County, Nevada, USA, 5 miles north of Federal Highway 95 at a point 65 miles further northwest of Las Vegas. NAOTS (Naval Aviation Ordnance Test Station was a United States Navy base located at, near Chincoteague VA, that was used as a suborbital launch site The Nevada Test Site is a United States Department of Energy reservation located in Nye County, Nevada, about 65 miles (105 km northwest of the City of North Truro Air Force Station is a defunct Air Force Station that operated from the 1950s until the 1980s Point Barrow or Nuvuk is a headland on the Arctic coast of the U Point Mugu (məˈɡuː California is an Unincorporated area and geographical Promontory on the Pacific coast in Ventura County, The Poker Flat Research Range (PFRR is a launch facility and Rocket range for Sounding rockets in the U Primrose Lake is a large Lake in Saskatchewan and Alberta, Canada. Ramey is a surname of French origin See Remy or Remi a celtic tribe from Gaul Chet Ramey Claude Ramey (1754-1838 French sculptor father Resolute Bay is a small bay located on the southern side of Cornwallis Island, in the Canadian territory of Nunavut. This article is about a city in Orange County California For other meanings see San Clemente (disambiguation. San Nicolas Island is the most remote of California 's Channel Islands. Spaceport Sheboygan is a proposed Spaceport in Sheboygan Wisconsin. Other uses Sierra de Juárez (Oaxaca, Sierra de Juárez (Chihuahua Sierra de Juárez is a Mountain range in the state of For information on the Tonopah Test Range airfield facilities see the article Tonopah Test Range Airport. Spaceport America (formerly named Southwest Regional Spaceport) is a commercial Spaceport currently being developed on of state-owned desert near Upham White Sands Missile Range (WSMR is a Rocket range of almost area the largest military installation in the United States CELPA (Centro de Experimentación y Lanzamiento de Proyectiles Autopropulsados was a rocket launch site in Argentina at. Chilca was a Rocket launch site in Peru at, near to Lima. Chilca was in service from 1974 and 1983 and was mainly used for launching Las Palmas is a rocket launch site in Argentina at used on November 12th 1966 for the launch of some Titus rockets for observing a solar eclipse for the saline lake in Córdoba Province see Mar Chiquita Córdoba. Natal ( Portuguese for "Christmas" naˈtaw is the capital city of Rio Grande do Norte, a north eastern state in Brazil. Punta Lobos was a Launch site for sounding Rockets in Peru at. Villa Reynolds was a rocket launching site in Argentina at. From Villa Reynolds in March 1973 two Skylark sounding rockets were launched Ascension Island is an island in the South Atlantic Ocean, around from the coast of Africa Barking Sands is a beach on the island of Kaua'i in the Pacific Ocean. Bikini Atoll (also known as Pikinni Atoll) is an Atoll in one of the Micronesian Islands in the Pacific Ocean, part of Republic of the Marshall Rear Admiral Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville ( May 23, 1790, Condé-sur-Noireau, France &ndash May 8, 1842, Enewetak (or Eniwetok) is an Atoll in the Marshall Islands of the central Pacific Ocean. Johnston Atoll is a 130 km² Atoll in the North Pacific Ocean at, about 1400 kilometers (750  nm) west of Hawaii. The Kerguelen Islands (in French: commonly Îles Kerguelen or Archipel de Kerguelen but officially Archipel des Kerguelen or Archipel Kindley Air Force Base was a United States Air Force base in Bermuda from 1948&ndash1970 Kangerlussuaq (Søndre Strømfjord is a settlement in west Greenland at the head of a Fjord of the same name SvalRak (Svalbard Rakettskytefelt is the name of a Launch site for sounding Rockets in the neighbourhood of Ny-Ålesund on Spitsbergen at. Andøya Rocket Range is a Rocket launch site and Rocket range on Andøya island (the northernmost in the Vesterålen archipelago in Andøy Wake Island (also known as Wake Atoll) is a Coral atoll having a Coastline of 12 miles (19 kilometers in the North Pacific Ocean Kummersdorf is the name of an estate near Luckenwalde at, around 25km south of Berlin, in the Brandenburg region of Germany. Hespenbusch is a Farm, which belongs to the Municipality of Grossenkneten. Kaltbrunn is a municipality in the Wahlkreis (constituency of See-Gaster in the canton of St Rocket Launch Site Berlin ( Raketenflugplatz Berlin) was the launch site of the Space Club ( Verein für Raumschiffahrt) in Berlin-Tegel at 52°33' N and Kepler Launch Site is a site for the launch of low and medium power model rockets south of Weil der Stadt in Germany at. The following is a list of Spaceports: Africa Asia Europe Note that some European countries operate space ports
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