Rock Against Racism (RAR) was a campaign set up in the United Kingdom by Red Saunders, Roger Huddle and others in winter 1976. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Red Saunders was a British photographer and founder of Rock Against Racism. It was founded in response to allegedly racist comments and gestures made by David Bowie and Eric Clapton. David Bowie (ˈboʊiː born David Robert Jones on 8 January 1947 is an English Musician, actor producer, and arranger. Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE (born 30 March 1945 is an English Blues-rock Guitarist, singer Songwriter and Composer ^[1]

RAR was first conceived as an idea for a one-off concert against the rise of racism in the early 1970s. According to Huddle, "it remained just an idea until August 1976," when Clapton made a drunken declaration of support for former Conservative minister Enoch Powell (famous for his anti-immigration Rivers of Blood speech) at a concert in Birmingham. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Brigadier John Enoch Powell, MBE ( June 16 1912 &ndash February 8 1998) was a British Politician, The Rivers of Blood speech was a speech about Immigration and anti- Discrimination legislation in the United Kingdom made on 20 April, 1968 ^[2] Clapton had said that England had "become overcrowded," and implored the crowd to vote for Powell to stop Britain from becoming "a black colony. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse This article is about a type of political territory For other uses see Colony (disambiguation. " Clapton went on to voice his opinion to the audience that Britain should "get the foreigners out, get the wogs out, get the coons out" and then repeatedly shouted the National Front slogan "Keep Britain White". Steven Anson Coons ( ? &ndash 1979 was an early pioneer in the field of computer graphical methods The British National Front (most commonly called the National Front, and often known as the NF) is a British Political party whose major political ^{[3] [4]} Huddle, Saunders and two members of Kartoon Klowns responded by writing a letter to NME expressing their opposition to Clapton's comments, which they claimed were ". The New Musical Express (better known as the NME) is a Popular music Magazine in the United Kingdom which has been . . all the more disgusting because he had his first hit with a cover of reggae star Bob Marley's 'I Shot the Sheriff'". Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s Robert "Bob" Nesta Marley OM (February 6 1945 – May 11 1981 was a Jamaican Musician, Singer-songwriter and Rastafarian " I Shot the Sheriff " is a song written by Bob Marley. The letter continued: "Come on Eric. . . Own up. Half your music is black. Who shot the Sheriff, Eric? It sure as hell wasn't you!". At the end of the letter, they called for people to help form a movement called Rock against racism, and they report that they received hundreds of replies. ^[5]

Further support for RAR came after David Bowie stated in a Playboy interview that "Britain is ready for a fascist leader", and by allegedly making a Nazi salute while riding in a convertible. Playboy is an American Men's magazine, founded in Chicago Illinois, by Hugh Hefner and his associates which has grown into Playboy Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German A convertible is a type of automobile in which the vehicle's roof can retract and fold away converting it from an enclosed to an open-air vehicle Bowie later retracted the fascist comment, claiming that the statement was a result of substance abuse. Substance abuse is the overindulgence in and dependence of a Drug or other chemical leading to effects that are detrimental to the individual's physical and mental health He denied making a Hitler salute, arguing that a photographer caught him in the middle of waving. The Hitler salute (Hitlergruß also known in Germany during World War II as the Deutscher Gruß (literally German Greeting) or in English as the

RAR's first activity was a concert featuring Carol Grimes as lead artist, and the group also launched the fanzine Temporary Hoarding. Carol Grimes (born Carol Ann Grimes, 7 April 1944, Lewisham, London) is a Smooth jazz and World music Singer A fanzine (see also Zine) is a nonprofessional publication produced by fans of a particular cultural phenomenon (such as a literary or musical genre for the pleasure In spring and autumn 1978, RAR organised two major music festivals with the Anti-Nazi League, to counteract the growing wave of racist attacks in the UK. The Anti-Nazi League (ANL was an organisation set up in 1977 on the initiative of the Socialist Workers Party with some sponsorship (and a few small financial donations from List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that It has been reported that 80,000 people marched six miles from Trafalgar Square to the East End of London (a National Front hotspot) for an open-air concert. Trafalgar Square is a square in central London, England. With its position in the heart of London it is a tourist attraction its trademark is Nelson's The British National Front (most commonly called the National Front, and often known as the NF) is a British Political party whose major political ^[6][7] The concert featured The Clash (as seen in the film Rude Boy),^[6][8][9] Buzzcocks, Steel Pulse, X-Ray Spex, The Ruts, Sham 69, Generation X and the Tom Robinson Band. For the debut album by The Clash see The Clash (album The Clash were Rude Boy is a 1980 Film directed by Jack Hazan and David Mingay and filmed in 1978 and early 1979 Buzzcocks are an English Punk rock band formed in Manchester in 1975 Steel Pulse is a well-known Roots reggae musical band They originally formed at Handsworth Wood Boys School in X-Ray Spex are an English punk band from London that formed in 1976. The Ruts were a Reggae -influenced British Punk rock band, notable for the 1979 Top 10 hit "Babylon's Burning" Sham 69 are an English punk band that formed in Hersham in 1975. Generation X is a term used to describe generations in the United States and other countries born between the approximate years of 1965 to 1981 the late 1950s and 1960s or Tom Robinson Band (TRB were a British Rock band, established in 1976 by Singer, Songwriter and Bassist Tom Robinson (born An audience of 25,000 came to the Northern Carnival in Manchester, for a concert featuring Buzzcocks, Graham Parker and the Rumour, and Misty in Roots. Graham Parker (born 18 November 1950 in London, England is a British rock Singer and Songwriter. Misty in Roots began life as a Southall based British roots Reggae band in the early 1970s In 1979, a concert was held at Acklam Hall in London featuring Crisis, The Vapors, and Beggar. Acklam Hall is a Restoration Mansion in the former Village, and now Suburb, of Acklam in Middlesbrough, in the borough London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Vapors were a new wave and Power pop band from England that existed between 1979 and 1981 ^[10]

The original Rock Against Racism crew launched a new website on April 27, 2008. ^[11]

Contents 1 Love Music Hate Racism 2 See also 3 Footnotes 4 External links

Love Music Hate Racism

RAR was reborn in 2002 as Love Music Hate Racism, with a concert at The Astoria in London, England featuring Mick Jones, Buzzcocks, and The Libertines. Love Music Hate Racism (LMHR is a music-oriented campaign by the Anti-Nazi League and Unite Against Fascism. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Michael Geoffrey "Mick" Jones (born 26 June 1955 was the lead Guitarist and a vocalist of the British Punk rock band The The Libertines were an English Indie rock band Formed in London in 1997 by frontmen Pete Doherty (vocals/rhythm guitar and Carl Barât (vocals/lead Other acts involved in the campaign include Ms. Dynamite and The Eighties Matchbox B-Line Disaster. The Eighties Matchbox B-Line Disaster (often referred to as Eighties Matchbox, 80's Matchbox, TEMBD or TEMBLD) are a psychosis rock band With a goal of counteracting the activities of far right organizations such as the National Front and the British National Party, it has held high-profile concerts in Trafalgar Square. Far right, extreme right, ultra-right, or radical right are terms used to discuss the qualitative or quantitative position a group The British National Front (most commonly called the National Front, and often known as the NF) is a British Political party whose major political The British National Party (BNP is a Far-right and whites only political party in the United Kingdom. Trafalgar Square is a square in central London, England. With its position in the heart of London it is a tourist attraction its trademark is Nelson's

See also

• Rock Against Bush
• Rock Against Sexism
• Rock Against Communism
• Love Music Hate Racism

Footnotes

External links

• Rock Against Racism information
• Original RAR Crew 1976-1982

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