Robert Williams Wood
Robert Williams Wood
Born	May 2, 1868 Concord, Massachusetts
Died	August 11, 1955 Amityville, New York
Nationality	American
Fields	physics
Known for	optics

Robert Williams Wood (May 2, 1868 – August 11, 1955) was an American physicist. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Concord is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, in the United States. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Amityville is an upscale village in the town of Babylon in Suffolk County, New York, in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning He was a careful experimenter known for his many contributions to optics including infrared and ultraviolet photography, and the liquid mirror telescope. In scientific inquiry an experiment ( Latin: Ex- periri, "to try out" is a method of investigating particular types of research questions or Ultraviolet photography is a photographic process of recording Images by using Light from the Ultraviolet (UV Spectrum only He discredited the purported phenomenon of N rays. N rays (or N-rays) were a phenomenon described by French scientist René-Prosper Blondlot but subsequently found to be illusory ^[1] He was also a writer of science fiction and nonsense verse. Nonsense verse is the poetic form of Literary nonsense, normally composed for humorous effect which is intentionally and overtly paradoxical silly witty whimsical or otherwise

Contents 1 Life 2 Honors 3 References 4 Bibliography 4.1 Works by Wood 4.2 About Wood 5 External links

Life

Born in Concord, Massachusetts, Wood attended The Roxbury Latin School and earned his bachelor's degree at Harvard University. Concord is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, in the United States. Roxbury Latin School is the oldest school in North America in continuous existence He studied at Johns Hopkins University, University of Chicago, in Berlin and at MIT, although he never earned a doctorate. The University of Chicago is a Private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. He taught at the University of Wisconsin and then moved to Johns Hopkins. ^[2] He was professor of experimental physics at Johns Hopkins from 1901 until his death. Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting ^[3]

His fields of interest included Raman spectroscopy, field emission, optics, and the manufacture of diffraction gratings. Raman spectroscopy (pronounced S— is a spectroscopic technique used in Condensed matter physics and Chemistry to study vibrational rotational and Field emission (FE is the emission of electrons from the surface of a condensed phase into another phase due to the presence of high electric fields In Optics, a Diffraction grating is an optical component with a regular pattern which splits ( diffracts) light into several beams travelling in different The optical effect belonging to diffraction grating known as Wood's anomaly is named after him. ^[3]

He discovered that the darkest area of the Moon in ultraviolet light is the Aristarchus Plateau. Ultraviolet ( UV) light is Electromagnetic radiation with a Wavelength shorter than that of Visible light, but longer than X-rays Aristarchus is a prominent lunar Impact crater that lies in the northwest part of the Moon's near side In 1909, Wood constructed the first practical liquid mirror astronomical telescope, formed by spinning mercury so that it forms a paraboloidal shape, and investigated its benefits and limitations. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Liquid mirrors are Mirrors made with reflective liquids The most common liquid used is mercury, but other liquids will work as well (for example Low melting In Mathematics, a paraboloid is a Quadric surface of special kind ^[4]

Wood has been described as the "father of both infrared and ultraviolet photography". Though the discovery of electromagnetic radiation beyond the visible spectrum and the development of photographic emulsions capable of recording them pre-date Wood, he was the first intentionally to produce photographs with both infrared and ultraviolet radiation. Electromagnetic radiation takes the form of self-propagating Waves in a Vacuum or in Matter. ^[5] He developed a filter, Wood's glass, that was opaque to visible light but was transparent to ultraviolet. An optical filter is a device which selectively transmits light having certain properties (often a particular range of Wavelengths that is range of Colours Wood's glass was developed by Robert Williams Wood (1868&ndash1955 as a light filter used in communications during World War I. He used it for ultraviolet photography but also suggested its use for secret communication. ^[6] He was also the first person to photograph ultraviolet fluorescence. Fluorescence is a Luminescence that is mostly found as an ^[5][6] He also developed a lamp, Wood's lamp, that radiated only ultraviolet. A Wood's lamp is a diagnostic tool used in Dermatology by which Ultraviolet light is shone (at a wavelength of approximately 365 nanometers onto the skin of the patient The slightly surreal glowing appearance of deciduous trees in infrared photographs is called the Wood effect. Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members Botany Autumn leaf color. See --> In Botany and Horticulture, deciduous Plants, including ^[7]

Wood also authored non-technical works. In 1915, Wood co-authored a science fiction novel, The Man Who Rocked the Earth, with Arthur Train. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Arthur Cheney Train ( 6 September 1875 - 22 December 1945) was an American Lawyer and Legal thriller Writer ^[8]. He also wrote and illustrated a book of nonsense verse, How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers.

Wood died in Amityville, New York. Amityville is an upscale village in the town of Babylon in Suffolk County, New York, in the United States. ^[3]

Honors

• Rumford Medal of the Royal Society, for his work in physical optics, 1938. Not to be confused with the Rumford Prize In 1796, Benjamin Thompson known as Count Rumford, gave $5000 separately to the Royal The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 ^[9]
• Henry Draper Medal of the National Academy of Sciences, for his contributions to astrophysics, 1940. The Henry Draper Medal was established by the widow of Henry Draper, and is awarded by the U The National Academy of Sciences (NAS is a corporation in the United States whose members serve Pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science Astrophysics is the branch of Astronomy that deals with the Physics of the Universe, including the physical properties ( Luminosity, ^[10]
• The Wood crater on the far side of the Moon was named after him. Wood is a lunar Impact crater that lies entirely within the interior of the much larger Landau walled plain, on the far side of Moon Far Side of the Moon, in original French, La face cachée de la lune, is a 2003 film by Robert Lepage. ^[11]
• Honorary degrees from Berlin University, Clark University, University of Birmingham, and Edinburgh University. For other universities in Berlin see List of Universities in Berlin. Clark University is a private University and Liberal arts college in Worcester Massachusetts. The University of Birmingham (informally Birmingham University) is a British red brick University located in the city of Birmingham The University of Edinburgh (Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann founded in 1582 is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. ^[5]
• Member of the Royal Society, London (foreign), London Optical Society (honorary), Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschatten zu Gottingen (corresponding), Accademia dei Lincei, Rome (foreign), Russian Academy of Science, Leningrad, American National Academy of Science, Academy of Arts and Sciences, Philosophical Society, Physical Society, Royal Institutions, London (honorary), London Physical Society (honorary fellow), Royal Swedish Academy, Stockholm (foreign), Indian Association for Science, Calcutta (foreign). ^[5]
• Medal awarded by the Royal Society of Arts for his diffraction process in color photography, 1899. ^[5]
• Franklin Institute John Scott medal, awarded by the City of Philadelphia for further progress in diffraction color photos, 1907. ^[5]
• J. Traill Taylor medal, awarded for photography by invisible rays, 1910. ^[5]
• Gold medal, Societa’ Italiana della Scienze, for general outstanding scientific achievement, 1918. ^[5]
• Frederick Ives medal, awarded by the Optical Society of America for distinguished work in physical optics, 1938. ^[5]
• Served as vice-president (1934) and president (1935) of the American Physical Society. ^[5]

References

Bibliography

Works by Wood

• Train, A. C. & Wood, R. W. (1915). The Man Who Rocked the Earth. Garden City: Doubleday, Page & Co. .  
• Train, A. C. & Wood, R. W. (1916 (A direct sequel to The Man Who Rocked The Earth)). The Moon Maker. Garden City: Doubleday, Page & Co. .  
• Wood, R. W. (1913). Researches in physical optics (vol.1), with special reference to the radiation of electrons. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.  
• Wood, R. W. (1919). Researches in physical optics (vol.2), Resonance radiation and resonance spectra. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.  
• Wood, R. W. (1905). Physical Optics. New York: MacMillan.  
• — [1907] (2000). How to Tell the Birds from the Flowers and Other Wood-Cuts: A Revised Manual of Flornithology for Beginners (includes "Animal Anatomies"). New York: Dover. ISBN 0-486-20523-1.  

About Wood

• [Anon. ] (2001) "Wood, Robert Williams", Encyclopaedia Britannica, Deluxe CDROM edition
• Klotz, I. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc M. (1980). "The N-ray affair". Scientific American: May, 130.  
• Seabrook, W. (1941). William Buehler Seabrook ( February 22 1884 &ndash September 20, 1945) was an American Lost Generation Occultist Doctor Wood, Modern Wizard of the Laboratory. New York: Harcourt Brace.  
• Williams, R. & Williams, G. (2002). Pioneers of Invisible Radiation Photography: Prof Robert Williams Wood (1868 - 1955). Medical and Scientific Photography. Retrieved on 2007-08-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar.

External links

• Works by Robert W. Wood at Project Gutenberg

Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works

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