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Robert Henri, by Gertrude Kasebier (1900)
Robert Henri, by Gertrude Kasebier (1900)
Snow in New York 1902, oil on canvas National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
Snow in New York
1902, oil on canvas National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
Portrait of Fay Bainter, 1918
Portrait of Fay Bainter, 1918

Robert Henri (June 25, 1865 - July 12, 1929) was an American painter notable for his teaching abilities, and for leadership of the Ashcan School movement in art. American portrait photographer Gertrude Käsebier (née Stanton (1852 - 1934 was a part of the PhotoSecession movement along with Edward Steichen, Alvin Langdon Coburn This article is about the National Gallery of the United States for other National Galleries see National Gallery. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Fay Okell Bainter ( December 7, 1893 &ndash April 16, 1968) was an Academy Award -winning American actress. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Ashcan School, also called the Ash Can School, is defined as a realist Artistic movement that came into prominence in the United States

Contents

Early life

Robert Henri was born Robert Henry Cozad in Cincinnati, Ohio to Theresa Gatewood Cozad of Malden, Virginia and John Jackson Cozad, a gambler and real estate developer. Malden, West Virginia is a city in Kanawha County. Kanawha county is one of fifty-five counties in West Virginia and is located in the Charleston metro area Henri had a brother, Johnny, and was a distant cousin of the noted American painter Mary Cassatt. Mary Stevenson Cassatt ( May 22, 1844 &ndash June 14, 1926) was an American painter and Printmaker. In 1871, Henri's father founded the town of Cozaddale, Ohio. Cozaddale is an unincorporated community in southeastern Hamilton Township, Warren County, Ohio, United States. In 1873, the family moved west to Nebraska, where they founded the town of Cozad. Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and Cozad redirects here For the Kiowa drum group see Cozad Singers. [1]

In October 1882, Henri's father became embroiled in a dispute with a rancher, Alfred Pearson, over the right to pasture cattle on land claimed by the family. When the dispute turned physical, Cozad shot Pearson fatally with a pistol. Cozad was eventually cleared of wrongdoing, but the mood of the town turned against him. He fled to Denver, Colorado, and the rest of the family followed shortly. The City and County of Denver (pronounced /ˈdɛnvɚ/ is the Capital and the most populous city of Colorado, in the United States [2] In order to disassociate themselves from the scandal, family members changed their names. The father became known as Richard Henry Lee, and his sons posed as adopted children under the names Frank Southern and Robert Earl Henri (pronounced "hen rye").

In 1883, the family moved to New York City, then to Atlantic City, New Jersey, where the young artist completed his first paintings. The City of New York

Education

In 1886, Henri enrolled at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia, where he studied under Thomas Anshutz. The Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts was founded in 1805 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by painter and scientist Charles Willson Peale, sculptor Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Thomas Pollock Anshutz (1851–1912 was an American painter and teacher In 1888, he traveled to Paris to study at the Académie Julian, where he studied under William-Adolphe Bouguereau and embraced Impressionism. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The Académie Julian was an Art school in Paris, France. Rodolphe Julian established the Académie Julian in 1868 at the Passage William-Adolphe Bouguereau (November 30 1825 – August 19 1905 was a French academic painter. Impressionism was a 19th-century Art movement that began as a loose association of Paris -based Artists exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s With time, he was admitted into the École des Beaux Arts. École des Beaux-Arts ("School of Fine Arts" refers to a number of influential Art schools in France. He visited Brittany and Italy during this period. Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest

By the end of 1891, he returned to Philadelphia, studying under Robert Vonnoh at the Academy. Robert William Vonnoh ( September 17 1858 &ndash 1933 was an American Impressionist painter known for his portraits and landscapes In 1892, he began teaching at the Philadelphia School of Design for Women. Moore College of Art and Design is an art and design women's college located in Philadelphia Pennsylvania.

Work

In Philadelphia, Henri began to attract a group of followers who met in his studio to discuss art and culture, including several illustrators for the Philadelphia Press newspaper who would become known as the "Philadelphia Four": William Glackens, George Luks, Everett Shinn, and John French Sloan. The Philadelphia Press ( The Press) was published from August 1, 1857 to October 1, 1920. William James Glackens ( March 13, 1870 – May 22, 1938) was a U Everett Shinn (November 6 1876 Woodstown New Jersey – May 1 1953 New York City was an American realist painter and member of the Ashcan School, The gatherings became known as the "Charcoal Club", featuring life drawing and readings in the social philosophy of Ralph Waldo Emerson, Walt Whitman, Émile Zola, and Henry David Thoreau. Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25 1803 &ndash April 27 1882 was an American essayist philosopher poet and leader of the Transcendentalist movement in the early 19th century Walter Whitman (May 31 1819 &ndash March 26 1892 was an American poet, Essayist journalist, and humanist. Émile François Zola ( (2 April 1840 &ndash 29 September 1902 was an influential French Writer, the most important exemplar of the literary school of

By 1895, Henri had come to reconsider Impressionism, calling it a "new academicism. "

For several years, he divided his time between Philadelphia and Paris, where he met the Canadian artist James Wilson Morrice. James Wilson Morrice ( August 10, 1865 Montreal &ndash January 23, 1924 Tunis) was a significant Canadian Morrice introduced Henri to the practice of painting pochades on tiny wood panels that could be carried in a coat pocket along with a minimal kit of brushes and oil. A pochade (from French poche, pocket is a type of Sketch used in Painting. This facilitated the kind of spontaneous depictions of urban scenes which would come to be associated with his mature style.

In 1898 he married Linda Craige, a student from his private art class. The couple spent the next two years on an extended honeymoon in France, during which time the French government purchased his painting, La Neige ("The Snow"), to be displayed in the Musée du Luxembourg. Musée du Luxembourg is a Museum in Paris, France. Situated near the Palais du Luxembourg, it once housed paintings and Sculpture

He began teaching at the New York School of Art in 1902, where his students included Edward Hopper, Rockwell Kent, George Bellows, Norman Raeben and Stuart Davis. Parsons The New School for Design (abbreviated Parsons) is a Design school founded in 1896 (see below Edward Hopper ( July 22, 1882 &ndash May 15, 1967) was an American painter and Printmaker. Rockwell Kent ( June 21, 1882 &ndash March 13 1971) was an American painter printmaker illustrator and writer George Wesley Bellows ( August 12 or August 19, 1882 - January 8, 1925) was an American painter, known for his Norman Raeben (born 1901 is an American painter He was born in Russia, the youngest of the six children of Yiddish author Sholom Aleichem Stuart Davis ( December 7, 1894 &ndash June 24, 1964) was an early American modernist painter.

In 1905, Henri's wife Linda, long in poor health, died.

In 1906, he was elected to the National Academy of Design, but when painters in his circle were rejected for the Academy's 1907 exhibition, he accused fellow jurors of bias and walked off the jury, resolving to organize a show of his own. The National Academy of Design, in New York City, now called simply The National Academy is an honorary association of American Artists with a Museum He would later refer to the Academy as "a cemetery of art. "

In February 1908, Henri organized a landmark show entitled "The Eight" (after the eight painters displaying their works) at the Macbeth Gallery in New York. The Ashcan School, also called the Ash Can School, is defined as a realist Artistic movement that came into prominence in the United States Besides his own works and those produced by the "Philadelphia Four" (who had followed Henri to New York by this time), there were paintings by Maurice Prendergast, Ernest Lawson, and Arthur B. Davies. Maurice Brazil Prendergast ( October 10, 1858 – February 1, 1924) was a U Ernest Lawson ( March 22, 1873 &ndash December 18, 1939) was a Canadian-American painter and a member of The Eight, a Arthur Bowen Davies ( September 26, 1863 – October 24, 1928) was an Avant-garde American artist These painters and this exhibition would become associated with the Ashcan School, although the content of the show was diverse and that term was not coined until 1934. The Ashcan School, also called the Ash Can School, is defined as a realist Artistic movement that came into prominence in the United States

In May 1908, he married 22-year old Irish-born Marjorie Organ.

In 1910, Henri organized the "Exhibition of Independent Artists," a no-jury, no-prize show modeled after the Salon des Independants in France. Works were hung alphabetically to emphasize the egalitarian philosophy. Walt Kuhn, who took part in this show, would come to play a key role in the Armory Show, an exhibition mounted in 1913 that introduced many American viewers to avant-garde European art. Walt Kuhn ( 27 October 1877 - 13 July 1949) was an American painter and was an organizer of the Modern art Armory Show Many exhibitions have been held in the vast spaces of US National Guard armories, but the Armory Show refers to the International Exhibition List of years in Art Events February 17 - The Armory Show opens in New York City. Five of Henri's paintings were included in the Armory Show.

Henri admired anarchist and Mother Earth publisher Emma Goldman, and taught from 1911 at the Modern School. For other uses of Mother Earth see Mother Earth. For the 1970-present environmental/self-sufficiency magazine see Mother Earth News. Emma Goldman (June 27 1869 – May 14 1940 was an anarchist known for her political activism writing and speeches The Modern Schools, also called Ferrer Schools, were American Schools formed in the early 20th century around the ideas of educator and anarchist Goldman, who later sat for a portrait by Henri, described him as "an anarchist in his conception of art and its relation to life. "[3]

From 1915 to 1927 he was a popular and influential teacher at the Art Students League of New York. The Art Students League of New York is an Art school located on West 57th Street in New York City.

His ideas on art were collected by former pupil Margery Ryerson and published as The Art Spirit (Philadelphia, 1923).

In the spring of 1929 Henri was chosen as one of the top three living American artists by the Arts Council of New York. Henri died of cancer in the summer of 1929. He was honored with a memorial exhibition at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1931. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is an art museum located on the eastern edge of Central Park, along what is known as Museum Mile in New York City, [4]

Quotations

“ Thomas Eakins was a man of great character. The Art Students League of New York is an Art school located on West 57th Street in New York City. Thomas Cowperthwait Eakins ( July 25, 1844 – June 25, 1916) was a realist painter, Photographer, sculptor He was a man of iron will and his will to paint and to carry out his life as he thought it should go. This he did. It cost him heavily but in his works we have the precious result of his independence, his generous heart and his big mind. Eakins was a deep student of life, and with a great love he studied humanity frankly. He was not afraid of what his study revealed to him.

In the matter of ways and means of expression, the science of technique, he studied most profoundly, as only a great master would have the will to study. His vision was not touched by fashion. He struggled to apprehend the constructive force in nature and to employ in his works the principles found. His quality was honesty. "Integrity" is the word which seems best to fit him. Personally I consider him the greatest portrait painter America has produced.

”

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Perlman, Bennard B. Ashcan School American realism was a turn of the century idea in art music and literature that showed through these different types of work reflections of the time period The Ashcan School, also called the Ash Can School, is defined as a realist Artistic movement that came into prominence in the United States , Robert Henri: His Life and Art, page 1. Dover, 1991.
  2. ^ http://ftp.rootsweb.com/pub/usgenweb/ne/dawson/biography/pears001.txt
  3. ^ Living My Life: Chapter 40
  4. ^ Biography, Hunter Museum of American Art, retrieved December 16, 2007
  5. ^ [1] retrieved December 15, 2007

References

Bibliography

External links

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