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For other persons named Robert Fiske, see Robert Fiske (disambiguation). Robert Fiske may refer to Robert Fiske (actor (1889&ndash1944 Robert B
Robert Fisk during a lecture at Carleton University, Canada, 2004
Robert Fisk during a lecture at Carleton University, Canada, 2004

Robert Fisk (born July 12, 1946 in Maidstone, Kent) is a British journalist and is Middle East correspondent for the British newspaper The Independent. This article is about the university in Ottawa Ontario Canada Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Maidstone is the County town of Kent, England, south-east of London. KENT (1400 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Adult Standards/MOR format The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. [1] He has spent around 30 years living and reporting in the Middle East.

Contents

Career

Described by the New York Times as "probably the most famous foreign correspondent in Britain",[2] he has over thirty years of experience in international reporting, dating from 1970s Belfast and Portugal's 1974 Carnation Revolution, the 1975-1990 Lebanese Civil War, and encompassing the 1979 Iranian revolution, the 1980-88 Iran-Iraq war, 1991 Persian Gulf War, and 2003 Invasion of Iraq. Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. The Carnation Revolution (Revolução dos Cravos was an almost bloodless military-led pro-democratic Coup d'état, started on April 25, 1974, in Lisbon The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990 was a multifaceted Civil war whose antecedents can be traced back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end See Also Persian Empire History of Iran and Greater Iran (also referred to as the " Iranian Cultural Continent The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia He is the world's most-decorated foreign correspondent,[3] having received numerous awards including the British Press Awards' International Journalist of the Year award seven times. The British Press Awards is an annual ceremony that celebrates the best of British Journalism. The International Journalist of the Year award (recently the Foreign Reporter of the Year) is one of the honours given annually by the British Press Awards. Fisk speaks good vernacular Arabic, and is one of the few Western journalists to have interviewed Osama bin Laden (three times between 1994 and 1997). Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Osama bin Laden, with some spelling variations is the name used in English to refer to (أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن born 10 March [4]

In the British journalistic tradition of the foreign correspondent, Fisk has developed a personal analysis of the foreign affairs that he covers and presents them in that light, often with trenchant criticism of the British government and its allies. Fisk is a consistent critic of what he perceives as hypocrisy in British government foreign policy. Hypocrisy (or the state of being a hypocrite) is the act of preaching a certain belief religion or way of life but not in fact holding these same virtues oneself

Fisk's reporting—and his bestselling books, based on his field notes and recordings— offer strong criticisms of Middle Eastern governments as well as what he perceives as hypocrisy in British and United States government foreign policy. Hypocrisy (or the state of being a hypocrite) is the act of preaching a certain belief religion or way of life but not in fact holding these same virtues oneself His view of journalism is that it must "challenge authority — all authority — especially so when governments and politicians take us to war", and he quotes with approval the Israeli journalist Amira Hass: "There is a misconception that journalists can be objective . Amira Hass ( Hebrew: עמירה הס born 1956 is an Israeli Journalist and author mostly known for her columns in the daily newspaper ''Ha'aretz'' . . What journalism is really about is to monitor power and the centres of power. "[5] Speaking of the historical basis for the conflicts he has covered Fisk said, "After the allied victory of 1918, at the end of my father's war, the victors divided up the lands of their former enemies. The fighting in World War I ended when an Armistice took effect at 1100 am GMT on November 11 1918 World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In the space of just seventeen months, they created the borders of Northern Ireland, Yugoslavia and most of the Middle East. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. And I have spent my entire career — in Belfast and Sarajevo, in Beirut and Baghdad — watching the people within those borders burn. Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. TemplateInfobox City for more fields--> Sarajevo is the Capital city and largest urban center of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous "

Early career

Fisk received a BA in Latin and Linguistics at Lancaster University and a PhD in Political Science, awarded by Trinity College, Dublin in 1985. Lancaster University (officially " The University of Lancaster " is a British University in Lancaster, Lancashire, "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems Trinity College Dublin ( TCD; Irish Coláiste na Tríonóide Baile Átha Cliath; Latin: Collegium Sacrosanctae et Individuae Trinitatis Reginae From 1972-75 Fisk served as Belfast correspondent for The Times, before becoming its correspondent in Portugal covering the aftermath of the 1974 revolution. Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Carnation Revolution (Revolução dos Cravos was an almost bloodless military-led pro-democratic Coup d'état, started on April 25, 1974, in Lisbon He then was appointed Middle East correspondent (1976-1988). He later moved to The Independent, with his first report published there on 28 April 1989. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar)

As Middle East correspondent, Fisk covered the 1979 Iranian revolution, the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq war, and the 1991 Persian Gulf War. See Also Persian Empire History of Iran and Greater Iran (also referred to as the " Iranian Cultural Continent He was one of two Western journalists to stay in Beirut throughout the Lebanese civil war. Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 The Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990 was a multifaceted Civil war whose antecedents can be traced back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end He was one of the first journalists to visit the scene of the Sabra and Shatila massacre. This page is related to the 1982 events only For the 1985&ndash1987 events see War of the camps. His book on the conflict, Pity The Nation, was first published in 1990. Fisk has also reported on the Arab-Israeli conflict and the conflicts in Kosovo and Algeria. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's

Osama bin Laden, 9/11, and the war in Afghanistan

Fisk is one of the few Western journalists to have interviewed Osama bin Laden - three times (all published by The Independent: December 6, 1993 July 10, 1996, and March 22, 1997). Osama bin Laden, with some spelling variations is the name used in English to refer to (أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن born 10 March Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar During one of Fisk's interviews with Bin Laden, Fisk noted an attempt by Bin Laden to possibly recruit him. Bin Laden said, "Mr Robert, one of our brothers had a dream. He dreamed . . . that you were a spiritual person . . . this means you are a true Muslim. " Fisk replied, "Sheikh Osama, I am not a Muslim . . . I am a journalist". [6] Bin Laden and Adam Gadahn, an alleged Al-Qaeda spokesman and translator of American birth, have apparently mentioned Robert Fisk in speeches. Adam Yahiye Gadahn (آدم يحيى غدن born Adam Pearlman, September 1 1978 is an American -born English -speaking senior operative cultural interpreter Translation is the interpreting of the meaning of a text and the subsequent production of an equivalent text likewise called a " translation The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Osama bin Laden said Fisk's reporting was "neutral". [7] According to a MEMRI report, on September 2, 2006, in a videotaped statement, Adam Gadahn said that Fisk and George Galloway have a "respect and admiration for Islam," have "sympathy for Muslims their causes", and added "I say to them, isn't it time you stopped sitting on the fence and came over to the side of truth?". The Middle East Media Research Institute, or MEMRI for short is a Middle Eastern press monitoring organization located in Washington D Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Adam Yahiye Gadahn (آدم يحيى غدن born Adam Pearlman, September 1 1978 is an American -born English -speaking senior operative cultural interpreter George Galloway (born 16 August 1954 in Dundee) is a Scottish Politician, author and talkshow host noted for his Left-wing views confrontational style [8]

Fisk has condemned the September 11, 2001 attacks, describing the actions of the "9/11 killers" as a "hideous crime against humanity. In Public international law, a crime against humanity is an act of Persecution or any large scale atrocities against a body of people and is the highest level of " In the aftermath of 9/11, he called for an honest discussion to understand the motives behind the attacks: a discussion which he claims was not occurring in the Western press. [9] He believes that Al Qaeda ordered the attacks in response to U. Al-Qaeda, alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qa`ida or al-Qa`idah, ( Arabic:; ar-Latn ''al-qāʿidah'' Translation: The S. policies in the Middle East, particularly its support for Israel. [10] He has questioned the approach offered by President Bush, who did not take into account foreign policy and instead claimed that the perpetrators of 9/11 did it because "they hate our freedom. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. "[11]

After the U. S. launched its attack on Afghanistan shortly after the September 11, 2001 attacks, Fisk was for a time transferred to Pakistan to provide coverage of that conflict. The War in Afghanistan, which began on October 7 2001 as the U Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and While reporting from there, he was attacked and beaten by a group of Afghan refugees but was also saved from this attack by another Afghan refugee. Afghan refugees (known as Muhajir Afghans in South Asia) are people who fled Afghanistan after the Soviet invasion in 1979 and during the In his graphic account of his own beating, published in The Independent of December 10, 2001, Fisk excused the attackers of responsibility ("I couldn't blame them for what they were doing,") and said that, in his view, their "brutality was entirely the product of others, of us — of we who had armed their struggle against the Russians and ignored their pain and laughed at their civil war and then armed and paid them again for the 'War for Civilisation' just a few miles away and then bombed their homes and ripped up their families and called them 'collateral damage. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A civil war is a War between a State and domestic political actors that are in control of some part of the territory claimed by the state Collateral damage is damage that is unintended or incidental to the intended outcome '"[12]

In August 2007 Fisk publicly expressed, for the first time, doubts about the historical record of the September 11 attacks. In an article for The Independent, he raised such concerns as missing aircraft parts, the melting point of steel, the collapse of World Trade Center 7, and other familiar criticisms that have circulated within the 9/11 Truth Movement, although he said that many other criticisms were "crazed". 7 World Trade Center is a building in New York City located across from the World Trade Center site in Lower Manhattan. The 9/11 Truth Movement is the name adopted by organizations and individuals that question the mainstream account of the September 11 attacks against the United [13]

Iraq War

During the 2003 Iraq War, Fisk was stationed in Baghdad and filed many eyewitness reports. The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous He has criticized other journalists based in Iraq for what he calls their "hotel journalism", literally reporting from one's hotel room without interviews or first hand experience of events. [14]

In February 2008 Fisk reported that he had discovered a biography of Saddam Hussein with his name on the cover as author, but clearly a forgery. Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 [15]

Awards

In 1991, Fisk won a Jacob's Award for his RTÉ Radio coverage of the first Gulf War. The Jacob's Awards were instituted in December 1962 as the first Irish television awards RTÉ Radio 1 ( Irish: RTÉ Raidió 1) is the principal radio channel of Irish [16] He received Amnesty International UK Press Awards in 1998 for his reports from Algeria and again in 2000 for his articles on the NATO air campaign against Yugoslavia in 1999. Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to The NATO bombing of Yugoslavia (code-named Operation Allied Force) was NATO 's military operation against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that He received the British Press Awards' International Journalist of the Year seven times, and twice won its "Reporter of the Year" award. The British Press Awards is an annual ceremony that celebrates the best of British Journalism. The International Journalist of the Year award (recently the Foreign Reporter of the Year) is one of the honours given annually by the British Press Awards. [17] In 2001, he was awarded the David Watt prize for "outstanding contributions towards the clarification of political issues and the promotion of their greater understanding" for his investigation into the Armenian Genocide by the Turks in 1915. [18] More recently, Fisk was awarded the 2006 Lannan Cultural Freedom Prize along with $350,000. [19]

He was made an honorary Doctor of Laws by the University of St Andrews on June 24, 2004. Doctor of Laws ( Latin: Legum Doctor, LLD) is a Doctorate -level Academic degree in Law. The University of St Andrews is the oldest University in Scotland and third oldest in the English-speaking world, having been founded between Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Political and Social Sciences department of Ghent University (Belgium) awarded Fisk an honorary doctorate on March 24, 2006. Ghent University (in Dutch Universiteit Gent, abbreviated UGent) is one of the three large Flemish universities. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those An honorary degree or a degree honoris causa ( Latin: 'for the sake of the honour' is an Academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. He was also awarded an honorary doctorate by the American University of Beirut in June 2006.

The Great War for Civilisation

Dust jacket of The Great War for Civilisation, 2005 (UK edition)
Dust jacket of The Great War for Civilisation, 2005 (UK edition)

Publishers Weekly said this about Fisk's 2005 book The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East

“ Combining a novelist's talent for atmosphere with a scholar's grasp of historical sweep, foreign correspondent Fisk has written one of the most dense and compelling accounts of recent Middle Eastern history yet. The Great War for Civilisation The Conquest of the Middle East is a book published in 2005 by the award-winning British Journalist Robert Fisk Publishers Weekly, aka PW, is an American weekly trade News magazine targeted at Publishers Librarians The Great War for Civilisation The Conquest of the Middle East is a book published in 2005 by the award-winning British Journalist Robert Fisk Fisk possesses deep knowledge of the broader history of the region, which allows him to discuss the Armenian genocide of 1915, the 2002 destruction of Jenin, and the battlefields of Iraq with equal aplomb. Jenin ( Arabic:; ג'נין a city in the West Bank 's Jenin Governorate, is a major Palestinian agricultural center But it is his stunning capacity for visceral description—he has seen, or tracked down firsthand accounts of, all the major events of the past 25 years—that makes this volume unique. Some of the chapters contain detailed accounts of torture and murder, which more squeamish readers may be inclined to skip, but such scenes are not gratuitous. They are designed to drive home Fisk's belief that "war is primarily not about victory or defeat but about death and the infliction of death. "[20] ”

Gary Kamiya, a writer for Salon.com wrote that,

“ Fisk's eyewitness reports from the killing fields are more than just bang-bang accounts: They are implacable and indispensable documents, grim reminders of what actually happens when nations go to war. Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online And his devastating analysis of the reasons for those wars exposes the sins not just of the West, but of the Arab world as well. Fisk is a polemicist, but his anger derives from a Swiftian humanism. Polemics (pəˈlɛmɪks/ /poʊ- is the practice of disputing or controverting religious, philosophical, or political matters He is appalled by official lies and hypocrisy and driven to show, in nightmarish detail, the human suffering and death that results from them. And if he emphasizes and perhaps at times overemphasizes the culpability of the powerful—in particular of America and Israel—that perspective is not just excusable, but much needed in an intimidated intellectual climate in which received positions have gone largely unchallenged. [21] ”

Criticism

Supporters of Israel in particular accuse Fisk of anti-Israeli bias and sloppy reporting. Israeli historian Efraim Karsh, in a review of The Great War for Civilisation in Commentary Magazine, accused Fisk of "carelessness" with facts: "It is difficult to turn a page of The Great War for Civilisation without encountering some basic error", quoting as examples of this carelessness a great number of factual mistakes, such as mentioning Jesus' birthplace as Jerusalem, instead of Bethlehem, and placing the death of the Caliph Ali in the 8th century, rather than the 7th. Efraim Karsh (אפרים קארש born 1953 is Professor and Head of Mediterranean Studies at King's College London. Commentary is an American monthly Magazine covering Politics, International affairs, Judaism, and social cultural Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Bethlehem ( بيت لحم,, lit "House of Meat" Βηθλεέμ Bethleém בית לחם Beit Lehem, lit "House of Bread" is a ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (a=علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب|t=ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 13th Rajab, 24 BH – 21st Ramaḍān, 40 AH The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. A critical review came from Ethan Bronner, Deputy Foreign Editor of the New York Times, who called Fisk "most passionate and least informed about Israel," and commented that he pursued his agenda "nearly to the exclusion of the pursuit of straight journalism". Ethan Samuel Bronner (born 1954 is deputy foreign editor of The New York Times, and a frequent essayist on foreign affairs [22]

Fisk's opposition to the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 brought attacks from many pro-war supporters. The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia Irish columnist and Senator Eoghan Harris, a supporter of the invasion, called Fisk's analysis of Middle East politics "a first cousin to believing that aliens take away people in Flying Saucers",[23] while Guardian columnist and war supporter Simon Hoggart attacked his prediction that "the (action of the) West (in response to 9/11) was about to bring total disaster upon its own head. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Seanad Éireann (ɕan̪ˠad̪ˠ erʲan̪ˠ English Senate of Ireland) also known unofficially as the Senate, is the Upper house of the Oireachtas Eoghan Harris is an Irish journalist columnist and politician The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Simon David Hoggart (born 26 May 1946) is an English Journalist and broadcaster. " Hoggart also derided claims by Fisk that "a group of British soldiers lost in the desert" meant that Desert Storm would fail, and that the bombing campaign during the Kosovo crisis would "only make things worse. " While acknowledging Fisk's "brilliant and vivid reporting", Hoggart stated his belief that Fisk's pessimism revealed a judgement that was "not just mistaken, but reliably mistaken". [24] In May 2002, actor John Malkovich, asked at the Cambridge Union Society who he would like to fight to the death, offered Fisk's name. John Gavin Malkovich (born December 9, 1953) is an Emmy Award -winning two-time Academy Award -nominated American Actor The Cambridge Union Society, commonly referred to simply as the Cambridge Union, is a debating society in Cambridge, England and is the Fisk commented afterwards that he and other journalists who criticized U. S. and Israeli policy in the Middle East would have to deal with hate mail and death threats. Hate mail (as electronic, posted, or otherwise is a form of Harassment, usually consisting of invective and potentially intimidating or threatening comments A death threat is a threat, often made anonymously, against a person to kill him or her [25]

Fisk's ability to arouse the ire of political conservatives has led the blogosphere to spawn the term fisking. Blogosphere is a collective term encompassing all Blogs and their interconnections The term Fisking, or to Fisk, is Blogosphere Slang describing detailed point-by-point criticism that highlights perceived errors disputes the analysis [26] This refers "not to what Fisk does, but to what is done unto him" - the fisker begins by copying text from the fiskee, and then produces an interlinear critique pointing out flaws and raising doubts. Since the fiskee cannot respond, "the fisker can without too much trouble make the fiskee look ridiculous. "[27] The original fiskee was of course Fisk himself,[28] but even the Archbishop of Canterbury has been fisked. [29]

Works

Video documentary

Forgeries misattributed to Robert Fisk

References

  1. ^ Robert Fisk. The Independent. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Retrieved on 2006-07-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
  2. ^ Bronner, Ethan. "A Foreign Correspondent Who Does More Than Report", The New York Times, 2005-11-19. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Retrieved on 2006-07-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.  
  3. ^ "Honoured War Reporter Sides With Victims of Conflict", New Zealand Press Association, 2005-11-04. The New Zealand Press Association is a News agency based in New Zealand. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Retrieved on 2006-07-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.  
  4. ^ Robert Fisk: The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle Eastpp. 1-39 ISBN 184115007X
  5. ^ Miles, Oliver (2005-11-19). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land The big picture. Guardian Unlimited. guardiancouk, formerly known as Guardian Unlimited, is a British website owned by the Guardian Media Group. Retrieved on 2006-07-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
  6. ^ Fisk, Robert (2007). The Great War For Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East. Vintage, 29-30. Vintage Books was founded in 1954 by Alfred A Knopf as a trade Paperback home for its authors ISBN 9781400075171.  
  7. ^ Full transcript of bin Ladin's speech, Al Jazeera, 1 November 2004
  8. ^ Special Dispatch Series - No. 1281, MEMRI, September 6, 2006 (contains ellipses)
  9. ^ The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East, The New York Times (reprinted in The International Herald Tribune), November 25, 2005. For the English-language channel see Al Jazeera English Al Jazeera (الجزيرة al-jazīrah,, meaning "The Island" The Middle East Media Research Institute, or MEMRI for short is a Middle Eastern press monitoring organization located in Washington D Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international Newspaper
  10. ^ One Year On: A View From The Middle East, Robert Fisk, The Independent, September 11 2002, reprinted at ZNet
  11. ^ Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People, George W. Bush, White House Office of the Press Secretary, September 20 2001
  12. ^ Fisk, Robert (2001-12-10). The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Z Communications is a media group founded in 1987 by Michael Albert and Lydia Sargent. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V My beating by refugees is a symbol of the hatred and fury of this filthy war. robert-fisk. com. Retrieved on 2006-07-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
  13. ^ Fisk, Robert. "Even I question the 'truth' about 9/11", The Independent, 2007-08-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Retrieved on 2007-08-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the  
  14. ^ Fisk, Robert (2005-01-17). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Hotel journalism gives American troops a free hand as the press shelters indoors. [1]. Retrieved on 2006-07-19. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 711 - Muslim forces under Tariq ibn Ziyad defeat the Visigoths led by their king Roderic.
  15. ^ Robert Fisk: The curious case of the forged biography. Retrieved on 2008-02-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor
  16. ^ The Irish Times, "In the wars", November 19, 1991
  17. ^ ""Times reporter wins award"", The Times, 1987-12-15. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of  
  18. ^ ""Fisk wins award for political journalism"", The Independent, 2001-07-20. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold  
  19. ^ "2006 Lannan Cultural Freedom Prize awarded to Robert Fisk". Lannan Foundation.
  20. ^ Book Review: The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East, Publishers Weekly, October 10 2005
  21. ^ Blood and betrayal, Gary Kamiya, Salon.com, December 16 2005
  22. ^ Bronner, Ethan. Publishers Weekly, aka PW, is an American weekly trade News magazine targeted at Publishers Librarians Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East, The New York Times (reprinted in The International Herald Tribune), November 25, 2005. The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international Newspaper
  23. ^ Air-kissing the terrorists - call it Luvvies Actually - Analysis, Opinion - Independent.ie
  24. ^ Hoggart, Simon. Simon David Hoggart (born 26 May 1946) is an English Journalist and broadcaster. A war cry from the pulpit, The Guardian, November 17, 2001. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group.
  25. ^ Robert Fisk: Why does John Malkovich want to kill me? (14 May 2002). Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
  26. ^ Word detective, 2003
  27. ^ Fisking as a Rhetorical Construct
  28. ^ Blargon, The New York Times, February 19, 2006.
  29. ^ "Archbishop on end of a good fisking", Observer, June 19, 2005
  30. ^ Fisk, Robert (2008-02-01). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Robert Fisk: The curious case of the forged biography. The Independent. The Independent is a British compact Newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly 's Independent News & Media. Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen

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