| Sir Robert Calder | |
|---|---|
| 13 July 1745 – 1 September 1818 | |
 Portrait of Robert Calder by Lemuel Francis Abbott, painted 1797 |
|
| Place of birth | Elgin, Scotland |
| Place of death | Holt, near Bishop's Waltham, Hampshire, England |
| Allegiance |  United Kingdom |
| Service/branch |  Royal Navy |
| Years of service | 1759 to 1818 |
| Rank | Royal Navy Admiral |
| Battles/wars | Seven Years' War American Revolutionary War French Revolutionary Wars • Battle of Cape St Vincent Napoleonic Wars • Battle of Cape Finisterre War of the Third Coalition |
| Awards | Knight Commander, Order of the Bath |
Admiral Sir Robert Calder, Bt. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Lemuel Francis Abbot (c 1760&ndash5 December 1802 was an English portrait painter famous for his portrait of Horatio Nelson 1st Viscount Nelson (currently hanging Elgin (Eilginn is a former Cathedral city and a former Royal Burgh in Moray, Scotland and is the administrative and commercial centre for Moray Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Bishop's Waltham is a small town in Hampshire, England with a population of around 6500 people Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) Admiral is the rank, or part of the name of the ranks of the highest Naval officers The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts from 1792 until 1802 fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states In the Battle of Cape St Vincent ( 14 February, 1797) a British fleet under John Jervis defeated a larger Spanish fleet under The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions In the Battle of Cape Finisterre ( 22 July 1805) off Galicia (Spain, the British fleet under Admiral Calder prevented the The War of the Third Coalition in 1805 saw the defeat of an alliance of Austria, Portugal, Russia, and others by France and its client states The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British Order of chivalry founded by George KCB (13 July 1745 – 1 September 1818) was a British naval officer who served in the Seven Years' War, the American Revolutionary War, the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1745 ( MDCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts from 1792 until 1802 fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions
Early life
He was born in Elgin, Scotland, the third son of Sir James Calder and Alice Hughes. Elgin (Eilginn is a former Cathedral city and a former Royal Burgh in Moray, Scotland and is the administrative and commercial centre for Moray Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. His father was the 3rd Baronet Calder of Muirton, who had been appointed Gentleman Usher of the Privy chamber to the queen by Lord Bute in 1761. A baronet (traditional abbreviation Bart, modern abbreviation Bt) or the rare female equivalent a baronetess (abbreviation Btss) is the holder Gentleman Usher is a title for some officers of the Royal Household of the United Kingdom. The Privy Chamber is part of the Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, where the Sultans have used as office and also kept the Sacred Trusts. Queen Charlotte, (née Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; 19 May 1744 – 17 November 1818) was the John Stuart 3rd Earl of Bute, KG, PC (25 May 1713 &ndash 10 March 1792 styled Lord Mount Stuart before 1723 was a Scottish nobleman
Career
Calder was educated at the grammar school of Elgin, and entered the Royal Navy in 1759 at the age of fourteen. A grammar school is one of several different types of School in the history of education in the United Kingdom and other English-speaking countries The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) Year 1759 ( MDCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year As a Midshipman he received £1,800 in prize money for his part in the capture of the Spanish treasure ship Hermione on 21 May 1762, and was subsequently promoted to Lieutenant. Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year At that rank he served aboard the Essex, under Captain the Hon. HMS Essex may refer to one of these ships of the British Royal Navy named after the county of Essex:, a 60-gun ship launched in 1653 and George Faulkner, in the Caribbean. George Faulkner ( 1703 ? - August 30, 1775) was one of the most important Irish printers and booksellers Promotion came slowly, and it was not until 1782 that he attained the rank of Post-Captain. Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Post-Captain is an obsolete alternative form of the rank of Captain in the Royal Navy. He commanded the frigate HMS Diana under Admiral Richard Kempenfelt, and acquitted himself honourably in the various services to which he was called, but for a long time had no opportunity of distinguishing himself. For the bird see Frigatebird. A frigate /ˈfrɪgɪt/ is a warship Richard Kempenfelt ( 1718 - 29 August[[ 782]] was a British Rear-admiral.
In 1796 he was appointed Captain of the Fleet to Admiral John Jervis, and saw action at the battle of Cape St Vincent on 14 February 1797. In the Royal Navy of the 1700s and 1800s a Captain of the Fleet could be appointed to assist an Admiral when the admiral had ten or more ships to command Admiral of the Fleet John Jervis 1st Earl of St Vincent GCB PC RN ( 9 January 1735 &ndash 14 March 1823 In the Battle of Cape St Vincent ( 14 February, 1797) a British fleet under John Jervis defeated a larger Spanish fleet under Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1797 ( MDCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common After the battle he was selected to carry the dispatches announcing the victory back to England, and was knighted by George III on 3 March 1797 for his services. George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places He also received the thanks of Parliament, and was created 1st Baronet Calder of Southwick on 22 August 1798. Southwick is a village in the English county of Hampshire, situated north of Portsmouth, and is occupied entirely by tenants in the style of the Middle He married Amelia Michell in May 1779. They had no children.
In 1799 he was promoted to Rear-Admiral; and in 1804, now a Vice-Admiral, was despatched with a small squadron in pursuit of a French force under Admiral Gantheaume, conveying supplies to the French in Egypt. Rear admiral is a Naval Commissioned officer rank above that of a Commodore and Captain, and below that of a Vice Admiral. Vice Admiral is a naval rank equivalent to Lieutenant General in seniority In this he was unsuccessful, and returning home at the peace he struck his flag.
In the War of the Third Coalition (1805-1806) he was in command of the squadrons blockading the ports of Rochefort and Ferrol, in which (amongst others) ships were being prepared for the invasion of England by Napoleon I. The War of the Third Coalition in 1805 saw the defeat of an alliance of Austria, Portugal, Russia, and others by France and its client states Rochefort is a commune in western France, a Seaport on the Atlantic Ocean. This article refers to Ferrol Galicia For other uses see Ferrol (disambiguation. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Calder held his position with a force greatly inferior to that of the enemy, and refused to be enticed out to sea.
On its becoming known that Napoleon intended to break the blockade of Ferrol, as a prelude to his invasion, the Admiralty ordered Rear-Admiral Charles Stirling to join Calder and intercept the Franco-Spanish fleet on their passage to Brest. Sir Charles Stirling ( 28 April 1760 – 7 November 1833) was a Vice-admiral in the Royal Navy. Brest (bʁɛst in French, in Breton) is a city in the Finistère department in Bretagne in northwestern France. The approach of the enemy was concealed by fog; finally on the 22 July 1805 the fleets came into sight. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or The allies outnumbered the British; but Calder ordered his fleet into action. The ensuing battle of Cape Finisterre was a serious defeat for Napoleon: fifteen British ships had engaged twenty French and Spanish ships and captured two. In the Battle of Cape Finisterre ( 22 July 1805) off Galicia (Spain, the British fleet under Admiral Calder prevented the The British losses were 39 officers and men killed and 159 wounded; the allies lost 158 dead and 320 wounded. After four hours, as night fell, Calder gave orders to discontinue the action. He offered battle again on the two following days, but the challenge was not accepted. The French Admiral Villeneuve, however, did not pursue his voyage, but took refuge in Ferrol, eventually returning to Cádiz. Pierre-Charles-Jean-Baptiste-Silvestre de Villeneuve ( 31 December 1763 &ndash 22 April 1806) was a French naval officer during the Villeneuve had failed in all his objectives: he had landed no troops in Ireland, and the plan of linking with the fleet at Brest, driving off the British Channel squadrons, and supporting Napoleon's invasion of Britain came to nothing: the Armée d'Angleterre waited uselessly at Boulogne as before. Brest (bʁɛst in French, in Breton) is a city in the Finistère department in Bretagne in northwestern France. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Boulogne-sur-Mer ( Bonen in Dutch is a City in Northern France. In the judgement of Napoleon, his scheme of invasion was baffled by this day's action; but much indignation was felt in England at the failure of Calder to win a complete victory.
In consequence of the strong feeling against him Calder demanded a court-martial. Nelson eventually relented and sent Calder home in his 98-gun ship the Prince of Wales, even though he knew that another battle with Villeneuve was imminent. Calder returned to England in early October 1805, thus missing the battle of Trafalgar. The Battle of Trafalgar ( 21 October 1805) was a historic sea battle fought between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of the The court-martial was held on the 23 December 1805, and resulted in a severe reprimand for Calder for not having done his utmost to renew the engagement, at the same time acquitting him of cowardice and disaffection. Calder never served at sea again. In the natural course of events he was promoted to Admiral on 31 July 1810, and by way of public testimony to his services, and of acquittal of the charge made against him, was created a Knight Commander, Order of the Bath on 2 January 1815, and appointed Commander of Portsmouth. The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British Order of chivalry founded by George History See also History of Portsmouth There have been settlements in the area since before Roman times mostly being offshoots of Portchester, which He died at Holt, near Bishop's Waltham, in Hampshire, in 1818. Bishop's Waltham is a small town in Hampshire, England with a population of around 6500 people
References
- William James, Naval History of Great Britain, 1793–1827.
- George Edward Cokayne, editor, The Complete Baronetage (1900).
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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