- Not to be confused with his cousin Frederick Borden, Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence from 1896 to 1911. Sir Frederick William Borden PC ( May 14 1847 – January 6 1917) was a Canadian Politician. The Minister of Militia Defence was the minister in charge of the volunteer army units in Canada prior to the creation of the Canadian Militia, before the creation
| The Right Honourable Sir Robert Laird Borden |
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| In office October 10, 1911 – July 10, 1920 |
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| Monarch | George V |
| Preceded by | Wilfrid Laurier |
| Succeeded by | Arthur Meighen |
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| Born | June 26, 1854 Grand Pre, Nova Scotia |
| Died | June 10, 1937 (aged 82) Ottawa, Ontario |
| Political party | Conservative, Unionist |
| Spouse | Laura Bond |
| Children | None |
| Alma mater | None - articled at law firm in Halifax, Nova Scotia |
| Profession | Lawyer, Teacher, Businessman |
| Religion | Anglican |
Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC, GCMG, KC (June 26, 1854 – June 10, 1937) was the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911, to July 10, 1920, and the third Nova Scotian to hold this office. The Right Honourable (abbreviated as The Rt Hon) is an Honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Arthur Meighen (ˈmiən PC, QC ( June 16, 1874 – August 5, 1960) was the ninth Prime Minister of Canada Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Grand-Pré is a Canadian rural community in Kings County, Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec The Conservative Party of Canada has gone by a variety of names over the years since Canadian Confederation. The Unionist Party was formed in 1917 by Members of Parliament (MPs in Canada who supported the "Union government" formed by Sir Robert Borden Laura Lady Borden (née Bond) (1862 &ndash September 7, 1940) was the wife of Sir Robert Laird Borden, the eighth Prime Minister of Canada Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The City of Halifax (est 1841 is the capital of the province of Nova Scotia and shire town of Halifax County Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person In Education, a teacher is one who helps Students or pupils often in a School, as well as in a Family, religious or A businessperson (also businessman or businesswoman) is someone who is employed at usually a profit-oriented enterprise, or more specifically someone Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs The Queen's Privy Council for Canada (QPC (Conseil privé de la Reine pour le Canada (CPR sometimes called Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or the Privy Council The Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George is a British order of chivalry founded on 28 April 1818 by George Prince Regent (later George Queen's Counsel ( postnominal QC) &ndash known as King's Counsel ( KC) during the reign of a male sovereign &ndash are Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 48 BC - Battle of Dyrrhachium, Julius Caesar barely avoids a catastrophic defeat to Pompey in Macedonia. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's
Contents |
Early life and career
Robert Laird Borden was born and educated in Grand Pre, Nova Scotia, a farming community at the eastern end of the Annapolis Valley, where his great-grandfather Perry Borden, Sr. Grand-Pré is a Canadian rural community in Kings County, Nova Scotia. Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's The Annapolis Valley is a valley in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia. of Tiverton, Rhode Island had taken up Acadian land in 1760. Tiverton is a town in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States. This article is about the Acadian people and culture The Acadians (Acadiens are the descendants of the seventeenth-century French Year 1760 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Perry had accompanied his father, Samuel Borden, the chief surveyor chosen by the government of Massachusetts to survey the former Acadian land and draw up new lots for the Planters in Nova Scotia. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The New England Planters were settlers from the New England colonies who responded to invitations by the Lieutenant governor and subsequently Governor of Robert Borden was the last Canadian Prime Minister born before Confederation. Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the Borden's father Andrew Borden was judged by his son to be "a man of good ability and excellent judgement", of a "calm, contemplative and philosophical" turn of mind, but "He lacked energy and had no great aptitude for affairs". His mother Eunice Jane Laird was more driven, possessing "very strong character, remarkable energy, high ambition and unusual ability". Her ambition was transmitted to her first-born child who applied himself to his studies while assisting his parents with the farm work he found so disagreeable.
From 1868 to 1874, he worked as a teacher in Grand Pré and Matawan, New Jersey. Major Sir William Newenham Montague Orpen, KBE (27 November 1878 &ndash 29 September 1931 was an Irish portrait painter Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Seeing no future in teaching, he returned to Nova Scotia in 1874 to article for four years at a Halifax law firm (without a formal university education) and was called to the Nova Scotia Bar in August 1878, placing first in the bar examinations. Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The City of Halifax (est 1841 is the capital of the province of Nova Scotia and shire town of Halifax County Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Borden went to Kentville, Nova Scotia as the junior partner of the Conservative lawyer John P. History Kentville owed its location to the Cornwallis River which downstream from Kentville becomes a large tidal river Chipman. In 1880 he was inducted into the Freemasons - (St Andrew's lodge #1)[1] and in 1882 he was asked by Wallace Graham to move to Halifax and join the Conservative law firm headed by Graham and Charles Hibbert Tupper. Sir Charles Hibbert Tupper, KCMG, PC ( August 3 1855 &ndash March 30 1927) was a Canadian politician Borden became the senior partner in fall 1889 when he was only 35 following the departure of Graham and Tupper for the bench and politics. His financial future guaranteed, on September 25, 1889, he married Laura Bond (1863-1940), the daughter of a Halifax hardware merchant. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Laura Lady Borden (née Bond) (1862 &ndash September 7, 1940) was the wife of Sir Robert Laird Borden, the eighth Prime Minister of Canada Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. They would have no children (Borden does have descendants, namely Jean Borden and her son Robert Borden). In 1894 he bought a large property and home on the south side of Quinpool Road which the couple called "Pinehurst". In 1893 Borden successfully argued the first of two cases which he took to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is one of the highest courts in the United Kingdom, established by the Judicial Committee Act 1833 He represented many of the important Halifax businesses and sat on the boards of Nova Scotian companies including the Bank of Nova Scotia and the Crown Life Insurance Company. Scotiabank (Banque Scotia () the trademark name for The Bank of Nova Scotia, is one of Canada 's Big Five banks. President of the Nova Scotia Barristers' Society in 1896, he took the initiative in organizing the founding meetings of the Canadian Bar Association in 1896 in Montreal. The Canadian Bar Association ("CBA" (the Association du Barreau canadien (AABC in French) is the Canadian voluntary Bar association By the time he was prevailed upon to enter politics, Borden had what some judged to be the largest legal practice in the Maritime Provinces, and had become a wealthy man.
Entry into Politics
Robert Borden was first elected to the House of Commons in 1896. He was elected Leader of the Conservative Party in 1901, and was Leader of the Opposition from 1901 to 1911.
Prime Minister 1911-1920
First World War
As Prime Minister of Canada during the First World War, Borden transformed his government to a wartime administration, passing the War Measures Act in 1914. The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The War Measures Act (enacted in August 1914 replaced by the Emergencies Act in 1988 was a Canadian Statute that allowed the government to assume sweeping Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Borden committed Canada to provide half a million soldiers for the war effort. However, volunteers had quickly dried up when Canadians realized there would be no quick end to the war. Borden's determination to meet that huge commitment led to the Military Service Act and the Conscription Crisis of 1917, which split the country on linguistic lines. See also Conscription Crisis of 1917 For the 1916 British Act of the same name see Military Service Act (United Kingdom. The Conscription Crisis of 1917 was a political and military crisis in Canada during World War I. The unpopular conscription issue would likely have meant defeat in the election of 1917, but Borden recruited members of the Liberals (with the notable exception of Wilfrid Laurier) to create a Unionist government. The 1917 Canadian federal election (sometimes referred to as the khaki election was held on December 17, 1917, to elect members of the Canadian House of The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political The Unionist Party was formed in 1917 by Members of Parliament (MPs in Canada who supported the "Union government" formed by Sir Robert Borden The 1917 election saw the "Government" candidates (including a number of Liberal-Unionists) crush the Opposition "Laurier Liberals" in English Canada resulting in a large parliamentary majority for Borden. For the British party see Liberal Unionist Party Liberal-Unionists were supporters of the Liberal Party of Canada who as a result of the Conscription Prior to the 1917 federal election in Canada, the Liberal Party of Canada split into two factions the Laurier Liberals, who opposed English Canada is a term used to describe one of the following English Canadians a term usually meaning English-speaking Canadians as opposed to
The war effort also enabled Canada to assert itself as an independent power. Borden wanted to create a single Canadian army, rather than have Canadian soldiers split up and assigned to British divisions. Sam Hughes, the Minister of Militia, generally ensured that Canadians were well-trained and prepared to fight in their own divisions, although with mixed results such as the Ross Rifle, and Arthur Currie provided sensible leadership for the Canadian divisions in Europe, although they were still under overall British command. This article is about the Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence The Ross rifle was a straight-pull bolt-action 0303 inch calibre Rifle produced in Canada from 1903 until the middle of the First Sir Arthur William Currie GCMG, KCB ( December 5, 1875 &ndash November 30, 1933) was a Canadian General Nevertheless Canadian troops proved themselves to be among the best in the world, fighting at the Somme, Ypres, Passchendaele, and especially at the Battle of Vimy Ridge. The Battle of the Somme, also known as the Somme Offensive, fought from July to November 1916 was among the largest battles of the First World War Ypres ( French, generally used in English French ipʁ English ˈiːprə Ieper (official name in Dutch, pronounced /ˈiːpər/ or Ypern "Passchendaele" redirects here For the 2008 film by that name see Passchendaele (film The 1917 Battle of Passchendaele, also known as The Battle of Vimy Ridge was a military offensive by the Canadian Corps against elements of the German Sixth Army in World War I.
During Borden's first term as prime minister, the National Research Council of Canada was established in 1916.
Borden and Canadian independence
In world affairs, Borden played a crucial role in transforming the British Empire into a partnership of equal states, the Commonwealth of Nations, a term that was first discussed at an Imperial Conference in London during the war. Imperial Conferences ( Colonial Conferences before 1911 were gatherings of British Empire government leaders in London in 1887, 1897 London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Borden also introduced the first Canadian income tax, which at the time was meant to be temporary, but was never repealed.
Convinced that Canada had become a nation on the battlefields of Europe, Borden demanded that it have a separate seat at the Paris Peace Conference. This was initially opposed not only by Britain but also by the United States, who perceived such a delegation as an extra British vote. Borden responded by pointing out that since Canada had lost more men than the U. S. in the war, she at least had the right to the representation of a "minor" power. British Prime Minister David Lloyd George eventually relented, and convinced the reluctant Americans to accept the presence of separate Canadian, Australian, New Zealand and South African delegations. David Lloyd George 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor OM, PC (17 January 1863 &ndash 26 March 1945 was a British Statesman and the only For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Not only did Borden's persistence allow him to represent Canada in Paris as a nation, it also ensured that each of the dominions could sign the Treaty of Versailles in its own right, and receive a separate membership in the League of Nations. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city A dominion, often Dominion, refers to one of a group of autonomous polities under sovereign authority within the British Empire and The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. The League of Nations was an International organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920
At Borden's insistence, the treaty was ratified by the Canadian Parliament. The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada is Canada 's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. Borden was the last prime minister to be knighted after the House of Commons indicated its desire for the discontinuation of the granting of any future titles to Canadians in 1919 with the adoption of the Nickle Resolution. Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Canadian titles debate has been ongoing since the adoption of the Nickle Resolution in 1919
Post-war government
That same year, Borden approved the use of troops to put down the Winnipeg General Strike. The Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 was one of the most influential strikes in Canadian history It should also be remembered that between 1914 and 1917, in response to xenophobia aimed at citizens of the Austro-Hungarian empire arising out of the First World War, 8,579 [2]Eastern Europeans were interned. Xenophobia is an intense and/or irrational dislike and sometimes fear of people from other countries World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Ukrainian Canadian internment was part of the confinement of "enemy aliens" in Canada during and for 2 years after the end of World War I, lasting
Post-political career
Sir Robert Borden retired from office in 1920. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar He was the Chancellor of Queen's University from 1924 to 1930, and stood as president of two financial institutions. Queen's University, generally referred to simply as Queen's, is a coeducational non-sectarian Public university located in Kingston, Ontario Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Borden died on June 10th 1937 and is buried in the Beechwood Cemetery in Ottawa.
Honours
- Borden was one of the last Canadian Prime Ministers to be knighted, since, due to The Nickle Resolution, no others have been. The Canadian titles debate has been ongoing since the adoption of the Nickle Resolution in 1919
- Sir Robert Borden is depicted on the Canadian $100 bill. The Canadian $100 bill is one of five different Banknotes of the Canadian dollar.
- Sir Robert Borden was honoured by having a high school named after him in the Nepean part of Ottawa. Sir Robert Borden High School (SRB is a high school located on Greenbank Road in Ottawa, Ontario.
- Sir Robert Borden was also honoured by having a junior high school named after him in Cole Harbour, Nova Scotia. Sir Robert Borden Junior High School is a Canadian public school in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia.
- CFB Borden is also named in honour of Sir Robert Borden.
See also
Supreme Court appointments
Borden chose the following jurists to sit as justices of the Supreme Court of Canada:
- Sir Louis Henry Davies (as Chief Justice, November 23, 1918 – May 1, 1924; appointed a Puisne Justice under Prime Minister Laurier, September 25, 1901)
- Pierre-Basile Mignault (October 25, 1918 – September 30, 1929)
Bibliography
- Borden, Robert. The Conscription Crisis of 1917 was a political and military crisis in Canada during World War I. The Ross rifle was a straight-pull bolt-action 0303 inch calibre Rifle produced in Canada from 1903 until the middle of the First The Supreme Court of Canada ( French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian Sir Louis Henry Davies, PC, KCMG ( May 4, 1845 – May 1, 1924) was a Prince Edward Island (PEI lawyer Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A Puisne Justice or Puisne Judge (pronounced puny, and derived from the obsolete French puisné, modern French puîné, "junior" is Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Pierre-Basile Mignault ( September 30, 1854 &ndash October 15, 1945) was a Canadian lawyer and Puisne Justice of the Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Robert Laird Borden : his memoirs / edited and with an introduction by Henry Borden* Canadian constitutional studies by Robert Borden at archive.org
- Comments on the Senate's rejection of the Naval Aid Bill by Robert Borden at archive.org
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Charles Tupper |
Leader of the Conservative Party 1901 – 1920 |
Succeeded by Arthur Meighen |
| Preceded by Wilfrid Laurier |
Prime Minister of Canada 1911 – 1920 |
|
| Preceded by William James Roche |
Secretary of State for External Affairs 1912 – 1920 |
|
| Parliament of Canada | ||
| Preceded by John F. Stairs |
MP for Halifax, NS 1896 – 1904 |
Succeeded by Michael Carney |
| Preceded by Edward Kidd |
MP for Carleton, ON 1905 – 1909 |
Succeeded by Edward Kidd |
| Preceded by Michael Carney |
MP for Halifax, NS 1909 – 1917 |
Succeeded by Michael A. Not to be confused with Sir Charles Hibbert Tupper who was Charles Tupper's son The Conservative Party of Canada has gone by a variety of names over the years since Canadian Confederation. Arthur Meighen (ˈmiən PC, QC ( June 16, 1874 – August 5, 1960) was the ninth Prime Minister of Canada The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus William James Roche PC ( 30 November 1859 &ndash 30 September 1937) was Canadian politician and Conservative Canada 's Secretary of State for External Affairs was from 1909 to 1993 the member of the Cabinet of Canada responsible for overseeing the federal government's The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada is Canada 's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. John Fitzwilliam Stairs, also known as John Fitz William Stairs ( January 19, 1848 &ndash September 26, 1904) was an entrepreneur Halifax is a federal electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons since 1867 Michael Carney ( May 11, 1839 &ndash February 2, 1919) was a Canadian politician Edward Kidd ( September 9 1849 &ndash September 16 1912) was an Ontario farmer and political figure For the current|defunct federal|provincial electoral district see Carleton (electoral district ---> Carleton was a federal and provincial Edward Kidd ( September 9 1849 &ndash September 16 1912) was an Ontario farmer and political figure Michael Carney ( May 11, 1839 &ndash February 2, 1919) was a Canadian politician Halifax is a federal electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons since 1867 MacLean |
| Preceded by Arthur deWitt Foster |
MP for Kings, NS 1917 – 1921 |
Succeeded by Ernest W. Kings was a federal electoral district in Nova Scotia, Canada, that was represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1867 to 1925 Robinson |
| Academic offices | ||
| Preceded by William Christopher Macdonald |
Chancellor of McGill University 1918 – 1920 |
Succeeded by Edward Wentworth Beatty |
| Preceded by Edward Wentworth Beatty |
Chancellor of Queen's University 1924 – 1929 |
Succeeded by James Armstrong Richardson, Sr. |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Borden, Robert Laird |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | 8th Prime Minister of Canada (1911-1920) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 26, 1854 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Grand Pre, Nova Scotia |
| DATE OF DEATH | [[[June 10]], 1937 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Ottawa |
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