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Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen

Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen
Born July 16, 1872(1872-07-16)
Borge, Østfold, Sweden-Norway
Died c. June 18, 1928 (aged 55)
Bjørnøya, Svalbard, Norway
Occupation Explorer
Parents Jens Amundsen

Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (IPA: [ˈɾuːɑl ˈɑmʉnsən]), (July 16, 1872 – c. June 18, 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Borge is a former municipality in Østfold county Norway The parish of Borge was established as a municipality January 1 1838 (see Formannskapsdistrikt) The Union between Sweden and Norway (Unionen mellan Sverige och Norge Unionen mellom Norge og Sverige or the Swedish-Norwegian Kingdom was the union of the kingdoms of Circa (often abbreviated c, ca, ca or cca and sometimes Italicized to show it is Latin) means "about" Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Bjørnøya, Bear Island in Norwegian is a common name for Norwegian islands Bear Island (Norway in the Svalbard Archipelago, in Svalbard is an Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean north of mainland Europe, about midway between Norway and the North Pole. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Jens Engebreth Amundsen ( 27 December 1820 in Snekotta Hvaler Østfold - 15 August 1886) was a significant Norwegian ship-owner Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Circa (often abbreviated c, ca, ca or cca and sometimes Italicized to show it is Latin) means "about" Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Earth's polar regions are the areas of the globe surrounding the poles also known as frigid zones. He led the first Antarctic expedition to the South Pole between 1910 and 1912. The South Pole, also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole, is the southernmost point on the surface of the Earth. He was also the first person to reach both the North and South Poles. He is known as the first to traverse the Northwest Passage. The Northwest Passage is a sea route through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways amidst the Canadian Arctic Archipelago He disappeared in June 1928 while taking part in a rescue mission. For the TV series of this title see Search and Rescue (TV series. With Douglas Mawson, Robert Falcon Scott, and Ernest Shackleton, Amundsen was a key expedition leader during the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton, CVO, OBE, (15 February 1874 – 5 January 1922 was an Anglo-Irish explorer who was one of the principal figures of the period The Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration (1895–1917 was a period of time at the beginning of the 20th century when explorers set out for the Antarctic.

Contents

Early life

Amundsen was born to a family of Norwegian shipowners and captains in Borge, between the towns Fredrikstad and Sarpsborg. Borge is a former municipality in Østfold county Norway The parish of Borge was established as a municipality January 1 1838 (see Formannskapsdistrikt) (previously Frederiksstad) (literally Fredrik's Town) is a City and municipality in the is a city and municipality in the county of Østfold Norway. The city was founded as Borg by the famous Viking King Olav Haraldsson (Saint Olav in His father was Jens Amundsen. Jens Engebreth Amundsen ( 27 December 1820 in Snekotta Hvaler Østfold - 15 August 1886) was a significant Norwegian ship-owner The fourth son in the family, his mother chose to keep him out of the maritime industry of the family and pressured him to a doctor, a promise that Amundsen kept until his mother died when he was aged 21, quitting university for a life at sea. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health [1] Amundsen had hidden a lifelong desire inspired by Fridtjof Nansen's crossing of Greenland in 1888 and the doomed Franklin expedition. Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (October 10 1861 – May 13 1930 was a Norwegian Explorer, Scientist and Diplomat. Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the Franklin's lost expedition was a doomed British voyage of Arctic exploration led by Captain Sir John Franklin that departed England in 1845. As a result, he decided on a life of exploration.

Polar treks

Belgian Antarctic Expedition 1897–99

He was a member of the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897–99) as first mate. The Belgian Antarctic Expedition (BelgAE of 1897 to 1899, named after its expedition vessel Belgica, was the first expedition to winter in the Antarctic This expedition was led by Adrien de Gerlache, using the ship the Belgica, became the first expedition to winter in Antarctica. "Gerlache" redirects here For the saint of this name see Saint Gerlache. Belgica was and is the name of two Belgian research vessels with a name derived ultimately from the Latin Gallia Belgica. Winter is one of the four Seasons of Temperate zones Calculated astronomically, it begins on the Solstice and ends on the Equinox [2] The Belgica, whether by mistake or design, became locked in the sea ice at 70°30'S off Alexander Land, west of the Antarctic Peninsula. The crew then endured a winter for which the expedition was poorly prepared. By Amundsen's own estimation, the doctor for the expedition, American Frederick Cook, probably saved the crew from scurvy by hunting for animals and feeding the crew fresh meat, an important lesson for Amundsen's future expeditions. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Frederick Albert Cook ( June 10, 1865 &ndash August 5 1940) was an American Explorer and physician, noted Scurvy (NLat scorbutus is a disease resulting from a deficiency of Vitamin C, which is required for the synthesis of Collagen in humans

Northwest Passage

In 1903, Amundsen led the first expedition to successfully traverse the Northwest Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (something explorers had been attempting since the days of Christopher Columbus, John Cabot, Jacques Cartier, and Henry Hudson), with six others in a 47 ton steel seal hunting vessel, Gjøa. The Northwest Passage is a sea route through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways amidst the Canadian Arctic Archipelago The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Christopher Columbus (1451 &ndash May 20 1506 was an Italian Navigator, colonizer Giovanni Caboto ( c 1450 - c 1498 known in English as John Cabot, was an Italian Navigator and explorer commonly credited as the Jacques Cartier (December 31 1491&ndashSeptember 1 1557 was a French explorer who claimed what is now Canada for France Henry Hudson' (1570 &ndash 1611 was an English Sea explorer and Navigator in the early 17th century Gjøa was the first vessel to transit the Northwest Passage. With a crew of six Roald Amundsen traversed the passage in a three year journey finishing Amundsen had the ship outfitted with a small, gas engine. [3] They travelled via Baffin Bay, Lancaster and Peel Sounds, and James Ross and Rae Straits and spent two winters near King William Island in what is today Gjoa Haven, Nunavut, Canada. Baffin Bay (French Baie de Baffin) is a Sea between the Atlantic and Arctic oceans Lancaster Sound ( is a body of water lying between Devon Island and Baffin Island in Nunavut, Canada, forming the eastern portion of the James Ross Strait, an arm of the Arctic Ocean, is a channel between King William Island and the Boothia Peninsula in the Canadian Dr John Rae ( 30 September 1813 &ndash 22 July 1893) was a Scottish doctor who became known as an explorer of King William Island ( Qikiqtaq) is an island in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut and forms part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Gjoa Haven ( Inuktitut: Uqsuqtuuq; Syllabics: ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᖅ meaning "lots of fat" referring to the abundance of blubbery sea mammals in Nunavut (ˈnuːnəvʊt ( Inuktitut syllabics: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ is the largest and newest territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page [2][3]

During this time Amundsen learned from the local Netsilik people about Arctic survival skills that would later prove useful. The Netsilik Inuit (Netsilingmiut live predominately in the communities of Kugaaruk and Gjoa Haven of the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut and to a For example, he learned to use sled dogs and to wear animal skins en lieu of heavy, woolen parkas. Sled dogs, known also as sleightman dogs sledge dogs or sleddogs are types of Dogs that are used to pull a wheel-less vehicle After a third winter trapped in the ice, Amundsen was able to navigate a passage into the Beaufort Sea after which he cleared into the Bering Strait, thus having successfully navigated the Northwest Passage. The Bering Strait (Берингов пролив Beringov proliv) is a sea Strait between Cape Dezhnev, Russia, the easternmost point (169°43' [1] Continuing to the south of Victoria Island, the ship cleared the Canadian Arctic Archipelago on August 17, 1905, but had to stop for the winter before going on to Nome on the Alaska Territory's Pacific coast. Victoria Island is an island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and straddles the boundary between Nunavut and the Northwest Territories of Canada The Canadian Arctic Archipelago, also known as just the Arctic Archipelago, is an Archipelago north of the Canadian mainland in the Arctic Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Nome is a city located on the southern Seward Peninsula coast on Norton Sound of the Bering Sea Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent Five hundred miles (800 km) away, Eagle City, Alaska, had a telegraph station; Amundsen travelled there (and back) overland to wire a success message (collect) on December 5, 1905. Eagle is a city located along the United States-Canada border in the Southeast Fairbanks Census Area, Alaska, United States. A collect call in the USA and Canada or reverse charge call in the UK and other countries (or calling collect) is a Telephone call in which the Calling Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Nome was reached in 1906. Nome is a city located on the southern Seward Peninsula coast on Norton Sound of the Bering Sea Due to water as shallow as 3 feet (0. 91 m), a larger ship could never have used the route.

It was at this time that Amundsen received news that Norway formally became independent of Sweden and had a new king. Amundsen sent the new King Haakon VII news that it "was a great achievement for Norway. Haakon VII (Prince Carl of Denmark born Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel) (3 August 1872 in Charlottenlund 21 September 1957 in Oslo) " He hoped to do more he said and signed it "Your loyal subject, Roald Amundsen. "

South Pole expedition (1910–12)

Main article: Amundsen's South Pole expedition

After crossing the Northwest Passage, Amundsen made plans to go to the North Pole and explore the North Polar Basin. Roald Amundsen 's South Pole expedition (1910–1912 was a Norwegian expedition to Antarctica aiming to be the first to reach the South Pole. The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is subject to the caveats explained below defined as the point in the northern Amundsen had difficulty raising funds for the departure and upon hearing in 1909 that first Frederick Cook and then Robert Peary claimed the Pole, he decided to reroute to Antarctica. Frederick Albert Cook ( June 10, 1865 &ndash August 5 1940) was an American Explorer and physician, noted Robert Edwin Peary ( May 6, 1856 &ndash February 20, 1920) was an American explorer who claimed [4] However, he did not make these plans known and misled both Scott and the Norwegians. [4] Using the ship Fram ("Forward"), earlier used by Fridtjof Nansen, he left Norway for the south, leaving Oslo on June 3, 1910. Construction Nansen's ambition was to explore the Arctic farther north than anyone else Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (October 10 1861 – May 13 1930 was a Norwegian Explorer, Scientist and Diplomat. (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting [5][4] At sea, Amundsen alerted his men that they would be heading to Antarctica in addition to sending a telegram to Scott notifying him simply: "BEG TO INFORM YOU FRAM PROCEEDING ANTARCTIC--AMUNDSEN. "[4] The expedition arrived at the eastern edge of Ross Ice Shelf at a large inlet called the Bay of Whales on January 14, 1911 where Amundsen located his base camp and named it Framheim. The Ross Ice Shelf ( is the largest Ice shelf of Antarctica (an area of roughly 487 000 km² and about 800 km across about the size of France) The Bay of Whales ( is an iceport indenting the front of Ross Ice Shelf just northward of Roosevelt Island. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Framheim was the name of explorer Roald Amundsen 's base at the Bay of Whales on the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica during his quest for the Further, Admundsen eschewed the heavy wool clothing worn on earlier Antarctic attempts in favour of Eskimo-style skins. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species Eskimos or Esquimaux are Indigenous peoples who have traditionally inhabited the circumpolar region from eastern Siberia ( Russia) across [1]

Using skis and dog sleds for transportation Amundsen and his men created supply depots at 80°, 81° and 82° South, along a line directly south to the Pole. [1] Amundsen also planned to kill some of his dogs on the way and use them as a source for fresh meat. After a premature attempt to set out on 8 September 1911 the Pole team consisting of Olav Bjaaland, Helmer Hanssen, Sverre Hassel, Oscar Wisting and Amundsen himself departed on 19 October 1911. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Olav Bjaaland ( March 5, 1873 - June 8, 1961) was a Norwegian ski champion and one of the first five to reach the South Pole on the Helmer Julius Hanssen (1870-1956 was a Norwegian polar explorer and one of the first five to reach the South Pole on the expedition of Roald Amundsen Sverre Helge Hassel (1876 - 1928 was a Norwegian polar explorer and one of the first five people to reach the South Pole. Oscar Adolf Wisting ( June 6 1871 - December 5 1936) was a Norwegian polar explorer Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year They took four sledges and 52 dogs. Using a route along the previously unknown Axel Heiberg Glacier they arrived at the edge of the Polar Plateau on November 21 after a four-day climb. The Axel Heiberg Glacier is a valley Glacier, 48 km (30 mi long descending from the Polar plateau to the Ross Ice Shelf between the Herbert Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. On 14 December 1911, the team of five, with 16 dogs, arrived at the Pole (90°00'S). Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year They arrived 35 days before Scott's group. Amundsen named their South Pole camp Polheim, "Home on the Pole". Polheim, "Home of the Pole" was Roald Amundsen 's name for his camp (the first ever at the South Pole. Amundsen renamed the Antarctic Plateau as King Haakon VII's Plateau. The Antarctic Plateau (often referred to as the Polar Plateau) is a large area of East Antarctica, extending for about a thousand kilometres Haakon VII (Prince Carl of Denmark born Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel) (3 August 1872 in Charlottenlund 21 September 1957 in Oslo) They left a small tent and letter stating their accomplishment, in case they did not return safely to Framheim. The team returned to Framheim on January 25, 1912 with 11 dogs. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Amundsen's success was publicly announced on 7 March 1912, when he arrived at Hobart, Australia. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting

Amundsen's expedition benefited from careful preparation, good equipment, appropriate clothing, a simple primary task (Amundsen did no surveying on his route south and is known to have taken only two photographs), an understanding of dogs and their handling, and the effective use of skis. In contrast to the misfortunes of Scott's team, the Amundsen's trek proved rather smooth and uneventful.

In Amundsen's own words:

"I may say that this is the greatest factor -- the way in which the expedition is equipped -- the way in which every difficulty is foreseen, and precautions taken for meeting or avoiding it. Victory awaits him who has everything in order -- luck, people call it. Defeat is certain for him who has neglected to take the necessary precautions in time; this is called bad luck. "
--from The South Pole, by Roald Amundsen. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Nlc_amundsen.jpg

Later life

Captain Roald Amundsen at wheel leaving home for North Pole
Captain Roald Amundsen at wheel leaving home for North Pole

In 1918 Amundsen began an expedition with a new ship Maud, which was to last until 1925. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Maud sailed West to East through the Northeast Passage, now called the Northern Route (1918-1920). The Northern Sea Route (Се́верный морско́й путь Severniy morskoy put’) is a Shipping lane from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Amundsen planned to freeze the Maud into the polar ice cap and drift towards the North Pole (as Nansen had done with the Fram), but in this he was not successful. However, the scientific results of the expedition, mainly the work of Harald Sverdrup, were of considerable value. Harald Ulrik Sverdrup ( November 15, 1888 &ndash August 21, 1957) was a Norwegian oceanographer and meteorologist

In 1925, accompanied by Lincoln Ellsworth, pilot Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen and three other team members, Amundsen took two aircraft, the N-24 and N-25 to 87° 44' north. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lincoln Ellsworth (May 12 1880 - May 26 1951 was a explorer from the United States. Hjalmar Riiser-Larsen (7 June 1890 – 3 June 1965 was a Norwegian aviation pioneer, Polar explorer and businessman WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout It was the northernmost latitude reached by plane up to that time. The planes landed a few miles apart without radio contact, yet the crews managed to reunite. One of the aircraft, the N-24 was damaged. Amundsen and his crew worked for over three weeks to clean up an airstrip to take off from ice. They shovelled 600 tons of ice on 1 lb (400 g) of daily food rations. In the end six crew members were packed into the N-25. In a remarkable feat, Riiser-Larsen took off and barely became airborne over the cracking ice. They returned triumphant when everyone thought they had been lost for ever.

In 1926, Amundsen, Ellsworth, Riiser-Larsen, Wisting and Italian aeronautical engineer Umberto Nobile made the first crossing of the Arctic in the airship Norge designed by Nobile. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Umberto Nobile ( January 21, 1885 &ndash July 30, 1978) was an Italian aeronautical engineer and Arctic explorer The Norge was a semi-rigid Italian -built Airship that carried out what many consider the first verified overflight of the North Pole They left Spitsbergen on May 11, 1926 and landed in Alaska two days later. Spitsbergen (formerly known as West Spitsbergen, and sometimes misspelled Spitzbergen) is a Norwegian island the largest Island of the Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent The three previous claims to have arrived at the North Pole – by Frederick Cook in 1908, Robert Peary in 1909, and Richard E. Byrd in 1926 (just a few days before the Norge) – are all disputed, as being either of dubious accuracy or outright fraud. Frederick Albert Cook ( June 10, 1865 &ndash August 5 1940) was an American Explorer and physician, noted Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Robert Edwin Peary ( May 6, 1856 &ndash February 20, 1920) was an American explorer who claimed Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Rear Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, USN ( October 25, 1888 &ndash March 11, 1957) was a pioneering American polar Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Some of those disputing these earlier claims therefore consider the crew of the Norge to be the first verified explorers to have reached the North Pole. If the Norge expedition was actually the first to the North Pole, Amundsen and Wisting would therefore be the first persons to attain each geographical pole.

Disappearance and death

Amundsen monument in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway
Amundsen monument in Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, Norway

Amundsen disappeared on June 18, 1928 while flying on a rescue mission with Norwegian pilot Leif Dietrichson, French pilot Rene Guilbaud, and three more Frenchmen, looking for missing members of Nobile's crew, whose new airship the Italia had crashed while returning from the North Pole. Ny-Ålesund ("New Ålesund " is one of the four permanent settlements on Svalbard. Svalbard is an Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean north of mainland Europe, about midway between Norway and the North Pole. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For the TV series of this title see Search and Rescue (TV series. Umberto Nobile ( January 21, 1885 &ndash July 30, 1978) was an Italian aeronautical engineer and Arctic explorer Airship Italia was a Semi-rigid airship used by Umberto Nobile in his second series of flights around the North Pole. Afterwards, a pontoon from the French Latham 47 flying-boat he was in, improvised into a life raft, was found near the Tromsø coast. A pontoon is a flat-bottomed Boat or the floats used to support a structure on water WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout ( Romsa in Northern Sami, Tromssa in Kven and Finnish) is a city and municipality in the county of Troms, It is believed that the plane crashed in fog in the Barents Sea, and that Amundsen was killed in the crash, or died shortly afterwards. The Barents Sea (Barentshavet Баренцево море is a part of the Arctic Ocean located north of Norway and Russia. His body was never found. The search for Amundsen was called off in September by the Norwegian Government. In 2003 it was suggested that the plane went down northwest of Bjørnøya (Bear Island). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Bjørnøya, Bear Island in Norwegian is a common name for Norwegian islands Bear Island (Norway in the Svalbard Archipelago, in

Legacy

A number of places have been named after him:

The following ships are named after him:

Other tributes include:

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d Thomas, Henry; Dana Lee Thomas (1972). Roald Amundsen High School, is a Public high school located at the corner of Damen and Foster Avenue in Chicago Illinois in the United States. Living Adventures in Science. Ayer Publishing, pp.  196-201. ISBN 0836925734.  
  2. ^ a b (2003) The Houghton Mifflin Dictionary of Biography. Houghton Mifflin Reference Books, p.  43 1696. ISBN 061825210X.  
  3. ^ a b Kingston, Thomas (1979). A History of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland. U of Minnesota Press, p.  298. ISBN 0816637997.  
  4. ^ a b c d Simpson-Housley, Paul (1992). Antarctica: Exploration, Perception and Metaphor. Routledge, pp.  24-37. ISBN 0415082250.  
  5. ^ Amundsen, Roald (1913). The South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition. . . . L. Keedick, p.  1.  

See also

External links

Works by Amundsen:

Bibliography


Persondata
NAME Amundsen, Roald Engelbregt Gravning
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION Norwegian explorer
DATE OF BIRTH July 16, 1872
PLACE OF BIRTH Borge near Fredrikstad
DATE OF DEATH June 18, 1928
PLACE OF DEATH Barents Sea
Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year (previously Frederiksstad) (literally Fredrik's Town) is a City and municipality in the Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
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