| Rizal Day bombings | |
|---|---|
| Location | Metro Manila, Philippines |
| Date | December 30, 2000 (UTC+8) |
| Attack type | Blackpowder bombs |
| Deaths | 22 |
| Injured | 100+ |
| Perpetrator(s) | allegedly Islamist terrorists |
The Rizal Day bombings, also referred to as the December 30 bombings and 12/30 attacks, were a series of bombings that occurred around Metro Manila in the Philippines on December 30, 2000. Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan) or the National Capital Region (NCR ( Filipino: Pambansang The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Gunpowder is a an explosive mixture of Sulfur, Charcoal and Potassium nitrate (also known as saltpetre/saltpeter that burns rapidly producing volumes Islamism ( Islam + ism; Arabic: al-'islāmiyya) a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan) or the National Capital Region (NCR ( Filipino: Pambansang The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The explosions occurred in close succession within a span of a few hours. Twenty-two (22) fatalities were reported and around a hundred more suffered non-fatal injuries. [1][2]
The blasts occurred during a national holiday in the Philippines, where December 30 is known as Rizal Day, commemorating the martyrdom of the country's national hero, José Rizal. Dr José P Rizal (full name José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda) (June 19 1861 – December 30 1896 was a Filipino Polymath, Dr José P Rizal (full name José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda) (June 19 1861 – December 30 1896 was a Filipino Polymath,
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Blast locations
Five locations were bombed almost simultaneously within the span of an hour. All of the locations were situated within the greater Metro Manila area on the Philippine island of Luzon. Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan) or the National Capital Region (NCR ( Filipino: Pambansang Luzon is the largest and most economically and politically important Island in the Philippines and one of the three island groups in the country with Visayas
- A bomb exploded at Plaza Ferguson in Malate, Manila. Malic acid is an Organic compound with the formula HO2CCH2CHOHCO2H The City of Manila This particular blast site is located less than a hundred meters from the United States Embassy. [1]
- Another bomb detonated at a gasoline station in the Makati central business district. The City of Makati, or simply The target was a gasoline station along EDSA, across the street from the Dusit Hotel in Makati. Epifanio de los Santos Avenue ( EDSA) is the main circumferential road and Highway of Metro Manila in the Philippines. The Dusit Thani Group of Companies, also known as Dusit Thani Public Company Limited ( SET: DTC is a Bangkok -based Hotel and Resort The City of Makati, or simply Two policemen, members of the local bomb squad, died as a result of this explosion. [1][3]
- The cargo handling area of the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) was also targeted with at least one explosive device. The Ninoy Aquino International Airport ( Filipino: Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino) or NAIA (ˈnæijɑ is the Airport serving the The Ninoy Aquino International Airport ( Filipino: Paliparang Pandaigdig ng Ninoy Aquino) or NAIA (ˈnæijɑ is the Airport serving the [1]
- Another explosive device was detonated inside a bus traveling along the Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA). Epifanio de los Santos Avenue ( EDSA) is the main circumferential road and Highway of Metro Manila in the Philippines. Epifanio de los Santos Avenue ( EDSA) is the main circumferential road and Highway of Metro Manila in the Philippines. The bomb exploded while the bus was en-route in the Cubao area of Quezon City. Quezon City ( Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital ( 1948 - 1976) and the most populous Quezon City ( Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital ( 1948 - 1976) and the most populous One passenger was killed while several others were injured. [1]
- The explosion that claimed the most casualties occurred in a train cab at the Blumentritt station of the Metro Manila Light Rail Transit. Blumentritt LRT Station is a station on the Manila LRT Yellow Line (LRT-1 Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila, Kamaynilaan) or the National Capital Region (NCR ( Filipino: Pambansang The Manila Light Rail Transit System, popularly known as the LRT, is the main metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines [1]
Type of explosive employed
The Philippine National Police identified the bombs as one-kilogram blackpowder bombs, set to detonate using timing devices. The Philippine National Police ( PNP) ( Filipino: Pambansang Pulisya ng Pilipinas) is the National police force of the Republic of the Philippines Gunpowder is a an explosive mixture of Sulfur, Charcoal and Potassium nitrate (also known as saltpetre/saltpeter that burns rapidly producing volumes
In addition, confessions by the convicted perpetrators describe the bombs as ammonium nitrate-based explosives. The Chemical compound ammonium nitrate, the Nitrate of Ammonia with the chemical formula N[[Hydrogen H]]4 N[[Oxygen O]]3 Most of the components of the bombs such as blasting caps and detonating cords were discovered to have come from the city of Talisay in the southern province of Cebu. Talisay City is a 3rd class city in the province of Cebu, Philippines. Cebu is one of the Provinces of the Philippines. It lies to the east of Negros Island; to the west of Leyte and to the southeast is Bohol The town itself is known for the production of blasting caps used in illegal fishing. [4]
Perpetrators
Initially, various Islamic groups were implicated in the bombings, including the Jemaah Islamiyah, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front, and the Moro National Liberation Front. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. History The JI was established as a loose confederation of several Islamic groups The Moro Islamic Liberation Front ( MILF) is a Muslim Separatist rebel group located in Southern Philippines. The Moro National Liberation Front ( MNLF) is a political organization in the Philippines. [1]
In September 2003, almost three years after the incident, the case remained unsolved as the authorities responsible were berated by then-senate president Franklin Drilon. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The President of the Senate is a title often given to the presiding officer speaker or chairman of a Senate. Early life and career Drilon was born on November 28, 1945 in Iloilo City, Iloilo and is the eldest son of Cesar Drilon Sr [5]
In May 2003, Saifullah Yunos (aka Mukhlis Yunos), a suspect in the bombings, was arrested in the southern city of Cagayan de Oro as he was about to board a plane to Manila. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The City of Cagayan de Oro (kă-gə'yăn dĕ ôrô abbreviated CDO CDOC or Cag The City of Manila Police were alerted to the suspect when he failed to explain numerous bandages on his face and arms. [6] A month later, he confessed to a level of involvement in the bombings. A member of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front's special operations group, he was charged with multiple murder and multiple frustrated murder for his role in the bombings. The Moro Islamic Liberation Front ( MILF) is a Muslim Separatist rebel group located in Southern Philippines. Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries [7]
In the following years, several members of the Jemaah Islamiyah were arrested for their suspected involvement in the bombings. History The JI was established as a loose confederation of several Islamic groups In 2004, two Muslim men, Mamasao Naga (aka Zainal Paks) and Abdul Pata (aka Mohamad Amir) were arrested by Philippine armed forces in Marawi City. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Marawi City popularly known as Islamic City of Marawi is a 3rd class city in the province of Lanao del Sur, Philippines They were supposedly identified by Fathur Rahman Al-Ghozi, a known member of the Jemaah Islamiyah, as the ones responsible for the LRT train cab bombing. Fathur Rahman al-Ghozi (17 February 1971 in Indonesia – October 2003 in the Philippines) was a key operative and bomb-maker of the Islamic militant Jemaah Islamiya History The JI was established as a loose confederation of several Islamic groups [2][3]
The MILF and the MNLF were later cleared by the Philippine National Police of any involvement in the attacks.
Fathur Rahman Al-Ghozi, an Indonesian national and member of the known terrorist group Jemaah Islamiyah, was convicted and sentenced to 17 years in prison for illegal possession of explosives in relation to the Rizal Day bombing incidents. Fathur Rahman al-Ghozi (17 February 1971 in Indonesia – October 2003 in the Philippines) was a key operative and bomb-maker of the Islamic militant Jemaah Islamiya The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. History The JI was established as a loose confederation of several Islamic groups In July of 2003, Al-Ghozi, along with several other accomplices, escaped from their holding cell at Camp Crame. Camp Crame is the national Headquarters of the Philippine National Police (PNP and is located in along Epifanio de los Santos Avenue, Quezon City [8] Al-Ghozi was later killed in a firefight with Philippine authorities on October 13, 2003. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.
Aftermath
In December 2006, almost six years after the bombings, Metro Manila police went on heightened alert from bomb scares and the prospect of follow-up attacks on the anniversary of the bombings. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [9] The AFP followed suit days after, deploying numerous bomb squads and medical teams to both Fort Bonifacio and Luneta. The Armed Forces of the Philippines ( AFP) ( Filipino: Sandatahang Lakas ng Pilipinas) is composed of the Philippine Army, Philippine Fort Andres de Castro Bonifacio is an urban development in Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines. Rizal Park is situated in the heart of the city of Manila, Philippines. [10] In addition, the PNP's Explosives and Ordnance Division and SWAT deployed teams to LRT stations along Taft Avenue, near one of the original bombing sites. SWAT ( Special Weapons And Tactics) is an elite special operations tactical unit in American Police departments similar to the Taiwan Thunder Squad The Manila Light Rail Transit System, popularly known as the LRT, is the main metropolitan rail system serving the Metro Manila area in the Philippines [11]
International reaction
United States: The US ambassador to the Philippines said that the United States will not stand for such a terrorist act and that the perpatrators should be brought to justice. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
United Kingdom: The British ambassador to the Philippines said that the Rizal Day bombings is an act of terrorism and will assist the Philippines in supporting the Philippines war against the Abu Sayyaf and Moro Islamic Liberation Front. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
Australia and New Zealand: Both Australia and New Zealand has condoled the victims of the bombings. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Australia has also offered to support the Philippines in fighting the Islamic Terrorists in the Southern Philippines.
Russia: Russia has condoled the Victims of the bombings and said Russia will not stand for such a terrorist act same way Russia didnt stand for the Russian apartment bombings in Moscow in 1991. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Russia has also expressed having closer relations with the Philippine Goverment.
See also
References
- Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in Asia: The Philippine Perspective. The 2004 SuperFerry 14 bombing on February 27, 2004, resulted in the sinking of the Ferry SuperFerry 14 and the deaths of 116 people in the Philippines The 2007 Glorietta explosion occurred in the Glorietta 2 section of the Glorietta shopping complex at Ayala Center in Makati, Metropolitan Manila Retrieved on December 30, 2006. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- News Summaries on Selected Topics, Mindanao Conflict, January - March 2001. Retrieved on December 30, 2006. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g Suerte Felipe, Cecille; James Mananghaya. After CBCP rally, PNP prepares for Rizal Day bombing anniversary. News. ABS-CBN Interactive. Retrieved on 2007-02-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
- ^ a b Fernandez, Jonathan F. (2004-08-04). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. 2 Rizal Day 'bombers' nabbed. Sun Star Manila. Sun Star Publishing, Inc. . Retrieved on 2007-02-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
- ^ a b Pulta, Benjamin; Miko Santos (2003-12-30). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Gov’t seeks re-raffling of LRT bombing case. Sun Star Manila. Sun Star Publishing, Inc. . Retrieved on 2007-02-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
- ^ Bacalla, Tess B. . "Coastal City is Hub of Underground Explosives Trade", Our Latest Report, Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism, 2005-03-14. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Retrieved on 2007-02-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German (english)
- ^ "Drilon urges authorities to solve Rizal Day bombing", Sun Star Manila, Sun Star Publishing, Inc. , 2003-09-14. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Retrieved on 2007-02-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German (english)
- ^ Sy Egco, Joel M. . "Rizal Day suspect caught", News: Police, Manila Standard Today, 2003-05-26. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Retrieved on 2007-02-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor (english)
- ^ Philippine National Police (2003-06-09). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits "Mukhlis Yunos admits Rizal Day bombings". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2007-02-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German
- ^ Sy Egco, Joel M. ; Fel V. Maragay. "Rizal Day bomber escapes", News, Manila Standard Today, 2003-07-15. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Retrieved on 2007-02-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor (english)
- ^ Vargas, Anthony. "Rizal Day bombing still haunts Metro cops", The Manila Times Online, The Manila Times Publishing Corp. , 2006-12-26. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Retrieved on 2007-02-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German (english)
- ^ Vargas, Anthony. "AFP vows vigilance on Rizal Day", The Manila Times Online, The Manila Times Publishing Corp. , 2006-12-30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Retrieved on 2007-02-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German (english)
- ^ "Philippine police tightens security ahead of anniversary of Rizal Day bombing", World News, People's Daily Online, 2006-12-29. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Retrieved on 2007-02-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German (english)
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