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River Tyne
The pedestrian/cyclist's Gateshead Millennium Bridge and Tyne Bridge for traffic at Newcastle upon Tyne
The pedestrian/cyclist's Gateshead Millennium Bridge and Tyne Bridge for traffic at Newcastle upon Tyne
Origin Alston Moor, Cumbria (South Tyne) and Deadwater Fell, Kielder, Northumberland (North Tyne)
Mouth Tynemouth, South Shields
Basin countries United Kingdom (England, Scotland)
Length 100 km (62 mi)
Source elevation 893 m (2930 ft)
Basin area 2145 km² (828 sq mi)
The Tyne Bridge across the River Tyne between Newcastle and Gateshead. Taken from the deck of the Gateshead Millennium Bridge, looking west and upstream.
The Tyne Bridge across the River Tyne between Newcastle and Gateshead. The Gateshead Millennium Bridge is a pedestrian and cyclist Tilt bridge spanning the River Tyne in England between Gateshead on the south The Tyne Bridge is a Compression arch suspended-deck bridge over the River Tyne in North East England, linking Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west This article concerns itself with the village For the Parliament constituency of the same name see Tynemouth (UK Parliament constituency Tynemouth South Shields is a coastal town in Tyne and Wear, England, located at the mouth of the River Tyne. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Tyne Bridge is a Compression arch suspended-deck bridge over the River Tyne in North East England, linking Newcastle upon Tyne Gateshead is a town in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the southern bank of the River Tyne, opposite Newcastle upon Tyne. Taken from the deck of the Gateshead Millennium Bridge, looking west and upstream.

The River Tyne is a river in England. "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland It is formed by the confluence of two rivers, the North Tyne and the South Tyne. These two rivers converge at Warden Rock near Hexham in Northumberland at a place dubbed Waters' Meet. Hexham New South Wales|Hexham (constituency Hexham is a Market town in Northumberland, England, located south of the River Tyne. Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west

The River Tyne has a charity dedicated to protecting and enhancing its waters and surrounding areas. The Tyne Rivers Trust [1], established in 2004, is a community based organisation that works to a) improve habitat b) produce better understanding of the Tyne catchment and c) build the reputation of the Tyne catchment as a place of environmental excellence. A habitat (which is Latin for "it inhabits" is an Ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular Species.

The North Tyne rises on the Scottish border, north of Kielder Water. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Kielder Water is a large man-made Reservoir in Northumberland in North East England. It flows through Kielder Forest, and passes through no major settlements before Hexham. Kielder Forest is a large Forestry plantation in Northumberland, England.

The South Tyne rises on Alston Moor, Cumbria and flows through the towns of Haltwhistle and Haydon Bridge, in a valley often called the Tyne Gap. Alston is a small Town in Cumbria, England on the River South Tyne. Boundaries and divisions Cumbria is neighboured by Northumberland, County Durham, North Yorkshire, Lancashire, and the Lieutenancy Haltwhistle is a small town in Northumberland, England, situated ten miles east of Brampton, near Hadrian's Wall, and the villages of Haydon Bridge is a village in Northumberland, England, with a population of about 2000 Hadrian's Wall lies to the North of the Tyne Gap. Hadrian's Wall ( Latin: perhaps Vallum Aelium, "the Aelian wall" is a stone and turf Fortification built by the Roman Coincidentally the source of the South Tyne is very close to the sources of the other two great rivers of the industrial north east namely the Tees and the Wear. The Tees is a river in Northern England. It rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the Pennines, and flows eastwards for about 85 miles The River Wear (wɪə("wee-er" is a river in North East England, rising in the Pennines and flowing eastwards mostly through County Durham,

The combined Tyne flows from Hexham, the area where the rivers now thriving barbel stocks were first introduced in the mid 1980's, through Corbridge in Northumberland. Corbridge is a small town in Northumberland, England, situated 16 miles (25 km west of Newcastle and 4 miles (6 km east of Hexham Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west It enters the county of Tyne and Wear between Clara Vale (on the South bank) and Tyne Riverside Country Park (on the North bank) and continues to divide Newcastle and the Borough of Gateshead for 13 miles, during which it is spanned by 10 bridges. Clara Vale is a small village situated on the south bank of the River Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England. To the East of Gateshead and Newcastle, the Tyne divides Hebburn and Jarrow on the South bank from Wallsend and North Shields. Hebburn is a small Town situated on the south bank of the River Tyne in North East England, sandwiched between the towns of Jarrow Jarrow (ˈjæroʊ or /ˈjærə/ is a Town on the River Tyne, England with a Population around 27000 (2001 Census) Wallsend is a town in North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England. North Shields (or locally just Shields) is a town on the north bank of the River Tyne, in the metropolitan borough of North Tyneside, in North Jarrow and North Shields are linked underneath the river by the Tyne Tunnel. The Tyne Tunnel is a two-lane toll vehicular Tunnel under the River Tyne England, completed in 1967 and connecting Finally it flows between South Shields and Tynemouth into the North Sea. South Shields is a coastal town in Tyne and Wear, England, located at the mouth of the River Tyne. This article concerns itself with the village For the Parliament constituency of the same name see Tynemouth (UK Parliament constituency Tynemouth The North Sea is a marginal, Epeiric sea of the Atlantic Ocean on the European Continental shelf. As it passes through the Tyneside conurbation, the river marks the historic border between County Durham (to the south) and Northumberland (to the north). Tyneside is a Conurbation in northern England, which is home to over 80% of the Metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear. Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west

The Tyne was a major route for the export of coal from the 13th century until the decline of the coalfields of North East England in the second half of the 20th century. A coalfield is an area of certain uniform characteristics where coal is mined Dramatic wooden staithes (a structure for loading coal onto ships) have been preserved at Dunston in Gateshead, although partly damaged by fire[2]. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs Dunston was originally an independent village on the south bank of the River Tyne.

The lower reaches of the Tyne were, in the late 19th and early 20th century, one of the world's most important centres of shipbuilding, and there are still major shipyards at Wallsend on the north of the river and Hebburn on the south. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar See also Shipbuilding (song. Shipbuilding is the construction of Ships It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a Wallsend is a town in North Tyneside, Tyne and Wear, England. Hebburn is a small Town situated on the south bank of the River Tyne in North East England, sandwiched between the towns of Jarrow

To support the shipbuilding and export industries of Tyneside, the lower reaches of the river were extensively remodelled during the second half of the 19th century, with islands removed and meanders in the river straightened. In Economics, an export is any good or Commodity, Transported from one country to another country in a Legitimate fashion Tyneside is a Conurbation in northern England, which is home to over 80% of the Metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear.

Contents

Origins

Nothing definite is known of the origin of the designation "Tyne", nor is the river known by that name until the Saxon period: Tynemouth is recorded in Anglo-Saxon as Tinanmuðe (probably dative case). The History of Anglo-Saxon England covers the history of Early medieval England from the end of Roman Britain and the establishment of Anglo-Saxon This article concerns itself with the village For the Parliament constituency of the same name see Tynemouth (UK Parliament constituency Tynemouth There is a theory that Tīn was a word that meant "river" in the local Celtic language or in a language spoken in England before the Celts came: compare Tardebigge. The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic" a branch of the greater Indo-European Language family. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Tardebigge is a Village in Worcestershire, England. The village is most famous for the Tardebigge Locks, a flight of 30 Canal locks

The River Vedra on the Roman map of Britain may be the Tyne, or may be the River Wear. The Geographia or Geography is Ptolemy 's main work besides the Almagest. The River Wear (wɪə("wee-er" is a river in North East England, rising in the Pennines and flowing eastwards mostly through County Durham, The late Thomas John Taylor supposed that the main course of the river anciently flowed through what is now Team Valley, its outlet into the tidal river being by a waterfall at Bill Point. Team Valley is traditionally the heavy industrial area of Gateshead in Tyne and Wear, England. His theory is not far from the truth, as there is evidence that prior to the last Ice Age, the River Wear did once follow the current route of the lower River Team, merging with the Tyne at Dunston. An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets The River Team is a Tributary of the River Tyne in Gateshead, England Dunston was originally an independent village on the south bank of the River Tyne. Ice diverted the course of the Wear to its current location, flowing east from Washington (virtually parallel to the course of the Tyne) and joining the North Sea at Sunderland. Washington is a town within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Sunderland in Tyne and Wear, England. Sunderland (, or /ˈsʌn(dlən/ is a City in Tyne and Wear, England.

River Crossings

River Tyne

River North Tyne

River South Tyne

Post 1944 fishery

Prior to 1944 the North, South and main Tyne yielded substantial trout catches, and these rivers held prolific insect biodiversity. The Tyne Tunnel is a two-lane toll vehicular Tunnel under the River Tyne England, completed in 1967 and connecting The Tyne Tunnel is a two-lane toll vehicular Tunnel under the River Tyne England, completed in 1967 and connecting The Gateshead Millennium Bridge is a pedestrian and cyclist Tilt bridge spanning the River Tyne in England between Gateshead on the south The Tyne Bridge is a Compression arch suspended-deck bridge over the River Tyne in North East England, linking Newcastle upon Tyne The Swing Bridge over the River Tyne connects Gateshead and Newcastle upon Tyne, between the Tyne Bridge and the High Level Bridge The High Level Bridge is a road and railway Bridge spanning the River Tyne between Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead in North East The Queen Elizabeth II Bridge carries the Tyne and Wear Metro from Newcastle upon Tyne to Gateshead over the River Tyne. The Tyne and Wear Metro is a metro system serving stations in Newcastle upon Tyne, Gateshead, South Tyneside North Tyneside and Sunderland, The King Edward VII Bridge is a railway bridge spanning the River Tyne between Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead, in North East England. The Redheugh Bridge (pronounced as ˈrɛdhjuf is a road bridge spanning the River Tyne between the west end of Newcastle upon Tyne and Gateshead, in Scotswood Bridge is one of the main bridges crossing the River Tyne in North East England. The Scotswood Railway Bridge is a disused railway bridge crossing the River Tyne in North East England, formerly part of the Newcastle and Carlisle The Blaydon Bridge is one of the main bridges crossing the River Tyne in North East England linking Scotswood and Blaydon. Wylam Railway Bridge, also known locally as Points Bridge, Half-moon Bridge, Hagg Bank Bridge, Bird Cage Bridge and The Tin Bridge Ovingham Bridge is a bridge across the River Tyne in Ovingham, England. Ovingham Bridge is a bridge across the River Tyne in Ovingham, England. Corbridge is a small town in Northumberland, England, situated 16 miles (25 km west of Newcastle and 4 miles (6 km east of Hexham Chollerford Bridge is a stone bridge that replaced an earlier Medieval bridge crossing the North River Tyne at Chollerford, Northumberland, Haydon Bridge is a village in Northumberland, England, with a population of about 2000 Bardon Mill is a village in Northumberland, in England. It is situated to the west of Haydon Bridge and Hexham, on the South Tyne. Haltwhistle is a small town in Northumberland, England, situated ten miles east of Brampton, near Hadrian's Wall, and the villages of Haltwhistle is a small town in Northumberland, England, situated ten miles east of Brampton, near Hadrian's Wall, and the villages of Haltwhistle is a small town in Northumberland, England, situated ten miles east of Brampton, near Hadrian's Wall, and the villages of Haltwhistle is a small town in Northumberland, England, situated ten miles east of Brampton, near Hadrian's Wall, and the villages of Haltwhistle is a small town in Northumberland, England, situated ten miles east of Brampton, near Hadrian's Wall, and the villages of Featherstone Castle, a Grade I listed building, is a large Gothic style country Mansion situated on the bank of the River South Tyne approximately Coanwood is a village in Northumberland, in England. It is situated approximately 6 km (4 miles to the south-west of Haltwhistle, on the Trout is the common name given to a number of Species of Freshwater Fish belonging to the Salmonidae family Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Biodiversity is the variation of Life forms within a given Ecosystem, Biome or for the entire Earth. There were also dace throughout deep pools. On several occasions trout weighing four pounds were caught, although the “average” adult fish was normally around 1 lb 4 oz. It was suspected that some of the larger trout were escapees from private lakes. James Hall, a school teacher from Hexham, fished with fly for 50 years. Hexham New South Wales|Hexham (constituency Hexham is a Market town in Northumberland, England, located south of the River Tyne. His biggest trout was 33 ounces from the West Allen, a tributary of the South Tyne. A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river Smolts were still caught in the spring in varying numbers. Spawning is the production or depositing of large quantities of eggs in water

In 1950 indiscriminate gravel extraction throughout the Tyne system left deep lagoons and stretches of sluggish water. A large population of pike built up, mainly in the Hexham area. Hexham New South Wales|Hexham (constituency Hexham is a Market town in Northumberland, England, located south of the River Tyne. At this time Guy Hall, the 12-year old son of James, bought a 30 shilling salmon licence. The shilling is a unit of Currency used in current and former Commonwealth countries and was continued to be used in countries that left the commonwealth Between 1944 and 1952, Hall saw only two fresh salmon, and one sea trout. The brown trout ( Salmo trutta morpha fario and S trutta morpha lacustris) and the sea trout ( S

In the late 1950s the removal of gravel below Hexham Bridge eroded its foundations to make, in effect, a high dam. Here a school boy, fishing for pike, caught a fresh spring salmon. Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae. Other anglers caught a number of fresh salmon and the run steadily increased from year to year. An employee of Tyne Metal Company caught 40 in a single season fishing only in his lunch hour! Without external intervention the salmon had returned to the Tyne. Killing of the fish was indiscriminate, and complaints about the "dam" eventually resulted in building a fish pass. Fishways, most commonly called fish ladders but also known as fish passes and in Australia also referred to as fish steps, are structures on or around artificial

There were numerous disputes over the fishing rights of many reaches of the Tyne, some of which continue to the present day.

In the early 1960s the Tyne system was severely affected by ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN). Ulcerative dermal necrosis (UDN is a chronic dermatological disease of cold water Salmonid fish that had a severe impact on north Atlantic Salmon and sea trout (A similar disease broke out in the 1880s, and lasted for at least 40 years. The exact duration is unknown due to the disruption caused by the first World War. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All ) On the River Border Esk (to the west of the Tyne), UDN rendered the entire run of spring salmon extinct. The River Esk is a river in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, that flows into the Solway Firth. In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa. The Tyne salmon were not affected to such an extent, but some suspect that UDN persists to this day, and that it may be involved in the summer estuarine deaths which occur in periods of low water from June through August. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open

Every autumn since at least 1985 after the first frost large numbers of dead and dying salmon and sea trout are found near the mouth of Newbrough Burn in the South Tyne, more than 50% have not spawned.

The North Tyne was dammed in the 1970s to create Kielder Reservoir, and a salmon hatchery was opened to compensate for a lack of spawning ground. A dam is a barrier that divides waters. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water while other structures such as Floodgates, Levees Kielder Water is a large man-made Reservoir in Northumberland in North East England. For the third season episode of Star Trek Enterprise, see " Hatchery (Star Trek Enterprise " Intermittent and highly unnatural surges of water now flowed down the North Tyne and into the main Tyne. This resulted in the drastic reduction in the population of crayfish, swan mussels and the insect population. Austropotamobius pallipes is an endangered European Freshwater Crayfish, and the only species of crayfish native to the British Isles The swan mussel, Anodonta cygnea, is a large species of freshwater Mussel in the family Unionidae. Water abstraction exacerbated this matter. Water abstraction, or water extraction, is the process of taking Water from any source either temporarily or permanently The water flow from the reservoir is now dark brown, peaty and floculent, and the river bed is slimy. A reservoir is most broadly a place or hollow vessel where Fluid is kept in Reserve, for later use Peat is an accumulation of partially Decayed Vegetation matter. The river fly population is a fraction of its former state. Concurrently the brown trout population of the entire system is in severe decline. The brown trout ( Salmo trutta morpha fario and S trutta morpha lacustris) and the sea trout ( S In order to compensate for this, stock fish whose average size is unnaturally large for the system, are regularly added to the river. It is thought that many of these fish migrate and return to the river as sea trout.

Due to the heavy summer fish mortality, there is great discussion on the future of the Kielder hatchery. Many people consider that it is responsible for the steady improvement in salmon runs. The Environment Agency’s report[1] has received little publicity locally, despite its potential contribution to the debate.

At the confluence of the North and South Tyne 50 barbel were introduced c 1986. Although slow in showing, small barbel (6-8") are now being reported from various locations both in the two Tyne branches and the lower combined river.

Songs featuring the Tyne

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ "The Role of Stocking in Recovery of the River Tyne Salmon Fisheries", Enviornment Agency of the United Kingdom
Blur are an English Alternative rock band that formed in London in 1989 Busking is the practice of performing in Public places for Tips and Gratuities. Dire Straits was a British rock band, formed in 1977 by Mark Knopfler (guitar and vocals his brother David Knopfler (guitar Jimmy Nail (born March 16, 1954) is an English Actor and Singer. Lindisfarne were a British folk / rock group of the 1970s fronted by singer/songwriter Alan Hull. Fog On The Tyne was a 1971 album by English rock band Lindisfarne. Mark Knopfler OBE (born August 12 1949 Glasgow, Scotland) is a British Guitarist, Singer, Songwriter, Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, CBE (born October 2, 1951) better known by his Stage name Sting, is a three time Academy Award Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, CBE (born October 2, 1951) better known by his Stage name Sting, is a three time Academy Award Sir Elton Hercules John CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947 is an English pop / rock Singer, Composer Elvis Costello (born Declan Patrick MacManus 25 August 1954 is an English Musician and Singer-songwriter, with Irish ancestry Gretchen Peters (born November 14, 1957 in Bronxville New York) is a singer-songwriter in the folk/country genre This article is a list of the longest rivers in the United Kingdom. Tyne Valley (2006 population 226 is a Canadian village in Prince County, Prince Edward Island.
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