River Severn
Welsh: Afon Hafren, Latin: Sabrina
River
The Severn at Shrewsbury from Shrewsbury Castle. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic Hafren ( Old Welsh Habren, Latinised to Sabrina) is the name of a mythical person in Geoffrey of Monmouth 's pseudo-history Historia Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Shrewsbury ( /ˈʃruːzbri/ or /ˈʃroʊzbri/ is the County town of Shropshire, in the West Midlands region of England Shrewsbury Castle is a Red sandstone Castle in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England.
Countries	Wales, England
Regions	Mid Wales, West Midlands, South West
Counties	Powys, Shropshire, Worcestershire, Gloucestershire
Tributaries
- left	Vyrnwy, Tern, Stour, Warwickshire Avon, Bristol Avon
- right	Teme, Wye
Cities	Shrewsbury, Worcester, Gloucester, Bristol
Landmarks	Ironbridge Gorge, Severn Valley, Severn Bore, Severn crossing
Source
- location	Plynlimon, Ceredigion, Wales
- elevation	610 m (2,001 ft)
- coordinates	52°29′37″N 3°44′05″W / 52.493465, -3.734578
Mouth	Severn Estuary
- location	Bristol Channel, United Kingdom
- elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Length	354 km (220 mi)
Basin	11,420 km² (4,409 sq mi)
Discharge	for Bewdley, Worcs. SO 7815 7622
- average	61. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Mid Wales (Canolbarth Cymru or simply Y Canolbarth "The Midlands" is the name given to the area of Wales lying between North and South Wales The West Midlands is an official Region of England, covering the western half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands. South West England is one of the Regions of England. It is the largest such region in terms of area and extends from Gloucestershire and Wiltshire to This article is about the county of Wales For the ancient kingdom see Kingdom of Powys. Shropshire (ˈʃrɒpʃɪə/ /-ʃə alternatively known as Salop or abbreviated in print only Shrops, is a county in the Worcestershire (ˈwʊstəʃə abbreviated Worcs) is a county located in the West Midlands region of central England. History See also History of Gloucestershire Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century The River Vyrnwy (Afon Efyrnwy is a river which flows through northern Powys, Wales, and Shropshire, England. For the bird see River Tern (bird The River Tern (also historically known as the Tearne) is a river in Shropshire, The River Avon or Avon is a River in or adjoining the counties of Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire, The River Avon is a River in the south west of England. Because of a number of other River Avons in England this river is often also known as the Lower The River Teme ( Welsh Afon Tefeidiad) rises in Mid Wales, south of Newtown in Powys, and flows through Ludlow in Shropshire This article is about the river that flows along or close to the Anglo-Welsh border Shrewsbury ( /ˈʃruːzbri/ or /ˈʃroʊzbri/ is the County town of Shropshire, in the West Midlands region of England Worcester (ˈwʊstə is a city and County town of Worcestershire, in the West Midlands of England. Gloucester (ˈɡlɒstɚ) is a city, district and County town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London The Ironbridge Gorge is a deep Gorge formed by the river Severn in Shropshire, England For other rivers named "Severn" see Severn River. The River Severn ( Welsh: Afon Hafren, Latin Severn crossing is a term used to refer to the two Motorway crossings over the River Severn estuary between England and Wales. Geography List of places in CeredigionCeredigion is a coastal county bordered by Cardigan Bay to the west Gwynedd to the north Powys to the east The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The Severn Estuary (Môr Hafren is the Estuary of the River Severn, the longest River in Great Britain. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Bewdley ( pronunciation) is a small Town in Worcestershire, England, along the Severn Valley a few miles to the west of Worcestershire (ˈwʊstəʃə abbreviated Worcs) is a county located in the West Midlands region of central England. 17 m³/s (2,160 cu ft/s) [1]
- max	533. CM3 redirects here If you were looking for the 3rd game in the Cooking Mama series abbreviated as CM3 see here. The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units The cubic foot is an imperial and US customary (non- metric) unit of Volume, used in the United States Canada and the United Kingdom The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units 48 m³/s (18,840 cu ft/s) max recorded on 1947-03-21[2]
Tributaries and major settlements on and near the Severn. CM3 redirects here If you were looking for the 3rd game in the Cooking Mama series abbreviated as CM3 see here. The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units The cubic foot is an imperial and US customary (non- metric) unit of Volume, used in the United States Canada and the United Kingdom The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem.

For other rivers named "Severn", see Severn River.

The River Severn (Welsh: Afon Hafren, Latin: Sabrina) is the longest river in Great Britain, at 220 miles (354 km). Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic Hafren ( Old Welsh Habren, Latinised to Sabrina) is the name of a mythical person in Geoffrey of Monmouth 's pseudo-history Historia Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands ^[3] It rises at an altitude of 2,001 feet (610 m) on Plynlimon near Llanidloes, Powys, in the Cambrian Mountains of mid Wales. |} Plynlimon (anglicised from Pumlumon in Welsh, meaning "five peaks" is the highest point of the Cambrian Mountains in Wales. Llanidloes is a Town in Powys, within the historic county boundaries of Montgomeryshire (Sir Drefaldwyn This article is about the county of Wales For the ancient kingdom see Kingdom of Powys. The Cambrian Mountains are a series of Mountain ranges in Wales, reaching from and including the South Wales mountains of the Brecon Beacons Mid Wales (Canolbarth Cymru or simply Y Canolbarth "The Midlands" is the name given to the area of Wales lying between North and South Wales It then flows through Shropshire, Worcestershire and Gloucestershire, with the county towns of Shrewsbury, Worcester, and Gloucester on its banks. Shropshire (ˈʃrɒpʃɪə/ /-ʃə alternatively known as Salop or abbreviated in print only Shrops, is a county in the Worcestershire (ˈwʊstəʃə abbreviated Worcs) is a county located in the West Midlands region of central England. History See also History of Gloucestershire Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century A county town is the 'capital' of a County in the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland. Shrewsbury ( /ˈʃruːzbri/ or /ˈʃroʊzbri/ is the County town of Shropshire, in the West Midlands region of England Worcester (ˈwʊstə is a city and County town of Worcestershire, in the West Midlands of England. Gloucester (ˈɡlɒstɚ) is a city, district and County town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England. With an average discharge of 107 m³/s at Apperley, Gloucestershire, the Severn is England's greatest river in terms of water flow, and is considered one of the ten major rivers of the United Kingdom. Apperley is a small Village in Gloucestershire, England. It is part of the Parish of its smaller and more famous neighbour Deerhurst History See also History of Gloucestershire Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

The river becomes the Severn Estuary after the Second Severn Crossing near Aust, Gloucestershire. The Severn Estuary (Môr Hafren is the Estuary of the River Severn, the longest River in Great Britain. The Second Severn Crossing ( Welsh: Ail Groesfan Hafren) is a Motorway crossing over the River Severn between England and Wales Aust is a small village in South Gloucestershire, England. It is near the eastern end of the Severn Bridge, which was built in 1966 to carry the M4 History See also History of Gloucestershire Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century The river then discharges into the Bristol Channel which in turn discharges into the Celtic Sea and the wider Atlantic Ocean. The Bristol Channel ( Môr Hafren) is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales from Devon and Somerset The Celtic Sea (An Mhuir Cheilteach Y Môr Celtaidd An Mor Keltek Ar Mor Keltiek La Mer Celtique is the area of the Atlantic Ocean off the South Coast The Severn's drainage basin area is 11,420 square kilometres (4,409 sq mi), excluding the River Wye and Bristol Avon which flow into the Bristol Channel. This article is about the river that flows along or close to the Anglo-Welsh border The River Avon is a River in the south west of England. Because of a number of other River Avons in England this river is often also known as the Lower The major tributaries to the Severn are the Vyrnwy, Teme, Warwickshire Avon and Stour. The River Vyrnwy (Afon Efyrnwy is a river which flows through northern Powys, Wales, and Shropshire, England. The River Teme ( Welsh Afon Tefeidiad) rises in Mid Wales, south of Newtown in Powys, and flows through Ludlow in Shropshire The River Avon or Avon is a River in or adjoining the counties of Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire,

Contents 1 Mythology 2 Tributary rivers 3 Major settlements 4 Transport 4.1 Bridges 4.2 Rail 4.3 Disasters 4.4 Locks 4.5 Associated canals 4.6 Paddle steamers 5 Severn Estuary 6 Severn bore 7 Tidal power 8 Industry 9 Wildlife 10 See also 11 References 12 External links

Mythology

According to some sources, the name "Severn" is derived from the name Sabrina or (Hafren), based on the mythical story of the drowning of a nymph in the river. Hafren ( Old Welsh Habren, Latinised to Sabrina) is the name of a mythical person in Geoffrey of Monmouth 's pseudo-history Historia ^[4] Sabrina is also the goddess of the River Severn in Brythonic mythology. Celtic mythology is the Mythology of Celtic polytheism, apparently the Religion of the Iron Age Celts Like other Iron Age The story of Sabrina is featured in Milton's Comus. John Milton ( 9 December, 1608 – 8 November, 1674) was an English Poet, Prose Polemicist and Comus ( A Mask Presented at Ludlow Castle 1634) is a Masque in honour of chastity written by John Milton and first presented on ^[5] There is a statue of 'Sabrina' in the Dingle Gardens at the Quarry, Shrewsbury. The Quarry is the main recreational park in Shrewsbury, the county town of Shropshire, England. Shrewsbury ( /ˈʃruːzbri/ or /ˈʃroʊzbri/ is the County town of Shropshire, in the West Midlands region of England

As the Severn becomes tidal the associated deity changes to Noadu, who (Romanized as Nodens) is represented mounted on a seahorse, riding on the crest of the Severn bore. Nodens ( Nudens, Nodons) is a Celtic Deity associated with healing the sea hunting and dogs Seahorses are a Genus ( Hippocampus ') of fish belonging to the family Syngnathidae, which also includes Pipefish and Leafy A tidal bore (or just bore, or eagre) is a tidal phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves of water that travel ^[6]

Tributary rivers

The River Stour rises in the north of Worcestershire in the Clent Hills, near St Kenelm's Church at Romsley. The Stour is a River flowing through the counties of Worcestershire and Staffordshire in the West Midlands region of England. The Clent Hills lie 15  km southwest of Birmingham City centre in Worcestershire, England. It flows north into the adjacent West Midlands at Halesowen. The West Midlands is a Metropolitan county in western central England with a population of 2591300 Halesowen is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, in the West Midlands, England. It then flows westwards through Cradley Heath and Stourbridge where it leaves the Black Country. Cradley Heath is a town in the Black Country, located in Sandwell Metropolitan borough, England. Stourbridge is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley, in the West Midlands of England. The Black Country is a loosely defined area of the English West Midlands conurbation, to the north and west of Birmingham, and to the south and east of Wolverhampton It is joined by the Smestow Brook at Prestwood before it winds around southwards to Kinver, and then flows back into Worcestershire. Kinver is a large Village in South Staffordshire district Staffordshire, England. It then passes through Wolverley, Kidderminster and Wilden to its confluence with the Severn at Stourport-on-Severn. Kidderminster is a town in the Wyre Forest district of Worcestershire, England. Wilden is a small village about 1 mile north east of Stourport-on-Severn, Worcestershire. Confluence, in Geography, describes the meeting of two or more Bodies of water. Stourport-on-Severn, often shortened to Stourport, is a Town in north Worcestershire, England, a few miles to the south of Kidderminster

The River Vyrnwy, which begins at Lake Vyrnwy, flows eastwards through Powys before entering England and joining the Severn at Melverley, Shropshire. The River Vyrnwy (Afon Efyrnwy is a river which flows through northern Powys, Wales, and Shropshire, England. Lake Vyrnwy Nature Reserve and Estate (Llyn Efyrnwy ( [EVURN-WEE] is an area of land in Powys, Wales, surrounding the Victorian reservoir This article is about the county of Wales For the ancient kingdom see Kingdom of Powys. Melverley is a village in Shropshire, England, situated on the River Severn and the River Vyrnwy, near the Powys hills and the border Shropshire (ˈʃrɒpʃɪə/ /-ʃə alternatively known as Salop or abbreviated in print only Shrops, is a county in the The Rea Brook flows north from its source in the Shropshire Hills and joins the Severn at Shrewsbury. The name Rea Brook can refer to either of two brooks (a local term for a small river in Shropshire, England. The Shropshire Hills area is designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty ( AONB) in the English county of Shropshire, close to its Shrewsbury ( /ˈʃruːzbri/ or /ˈʃroʊzbri/ is the County town of Shropshire, in the West Midlands region of England The River Tern, after flowing south from Market Drayton and being joined by the River Roden, meets the Severn at Attingham Park. For the bird see River Tern (bird The River Tern (also historically known as the Tearne) is a river in Shropshire, Market Drayton is a small Market town in north Shropshire, England The River Roden is a river in Shropshire, England, which meets the River Tern at Walcot. Attingham Park is a Country house in Shropshire, England, which is owned by the National Trust.

The River Teme flows eastwards from its source in Mid Wales, straddling the border between Shropshire and Herefordshire, it is joined by the River Onny, River Corve and River Rea before it finally joins the Severn slightly downstream of Worcester. The River Teme ( Welsh Afon Tefeidiad) rises in Mid Wales, south of Newtown in Powys, and flows through Ludlow in Shropshire Mid Wales (Canolbarth Cymru or simply Y Canolbarth "The Midlands" is the name given to the area of Wales lying between North and South Wales Shropshire (ˈʃrɒpʃɪə/ /-ʃə alternatively known as Salop or abbreviated in print only Shrops, is a county in the Constitution Herefordshire was reconstituted both as a new Non-metropolitan district (effective 19th July 1996 and as a new County comprising the area of the The River Onny is a river in Shropshire, England. It is a major tributary of the River Teme. The River Rea is a small river that flows through South Shropshire, England and passes just to the east of the town of Cleobury Mortimer, before entering Worcester (ˈwʊstə is a city and County town of Worcestershire, in the West Midlands of England.

One of the several rivers named Avon, in this case the Warwickshire Avon, flows west through Rugby, Warwick and Stratford-upon-Avon. The River Avon or Avon is a River in or adjoining the counties of Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire, Rugby is a Market town in Warwickshire, in the West Midlands of England, on the River Avon. Warwick (ˈwɒrɪk worrick (silent w in middle is the County town of Warwickshire, England. Stratford-upon-Avon (ˌstrætfɚd əpɒn ˈɛɪvən is a Market town and Civil parish in south Warwickshire, England. It is then joined by its tributary the River Arrow, before finally joining the Severn at Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire. The River Arrow rises on Beacon Hill in the Lickey Hills Country Park in North Worcestershire and heads generally south eastwards to become a major tributary Tewkesbury (ˈtjuːksbri is a Town in Gloucestershire, England. History See also History of Gloucestershire Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century

The port of Bristol is located at the mouth of the Severn, where another River Avon flows into it through the Avon Gorge. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London The River Avon is a River in the south west of England. Because of a number of other River Avons in England this river is often also known as the Lower For the gorge in Scotland with the same name see Avon Gorge Falkirk The Avon Gorge ( is a 1

The River Wye, from its source in Plynlimon, Wales, flows generally southeast through the Welsh towns of Rhayader and Builth Wells. This article is about the river that flows along or close to the Anglo-Welsh border |} Plynlimon (anglicised from Pumlumon in Welsh, meaning "five peaks" is the highest point of the Cambrian Mountains in Wales. Rhayader (Rhaeadr Gwy meaning Wye Falls is a historic Market town in Powys, Wales. Builth Wells (Llanfair ym Muallt is a Town in the modern day Welsh county of Powys, in what was the historic county of Brecknockshire It enters Herefordshire, flows through Hereford, and is shortly afterwards joined by the River Lugg, before flowing south into the Severn slightly upstream of the Bristol Avon. Constitution Herefordshire was reconstituted both as a new Non-metropolitan district (effective 19th July 1996 and as a new County comprising the area of the Hereford ( ˈhɛrɨfəd is a city, Civil parish and County town of Herefordshire, England. The River Lugg (Afon Llugwy rises near Llangynllo, Powys. It flows through the border town of Presteigne, Wales then through The River Avon is a River in the south west of England. Because of a number of other River Avons in England this river is often also known as the Lower It then forms the boundary between England (Forest of Dean) and Wales, with the town of Chepstow at the confluence. The Forest of Dean is a geographical historical and cultural region in the western part of the County of Gloucestershire, England Chepstow (Cas-gwent is a town in Monmouthshire, Wales, adjoining the border with Gloucestershire, England.

The River Usk flows into the Severn estuary just south of Newport. The River Usk (Afon Wysg rises in the Carmarthen Fans Mountains or Fan Brycheiniog of mid- Wales, in the westernmost Newport (Casnewydd is a city and principal area in Wales, in the United Kingdom.

Major settlements

Below is a list of major towns and cities that the Severn flows through (from north to south):

• Through Powys:
  • Newtown
  • Welshpool
• Through Shropshire
  • Shrewsbury (county town)
  • Ironbridge
  • Bridgnorth
• Through Worcestershire
  • Bewdley
  • Stourport
  • Worcester (county town)
  • Upton
• Through Gloucestershire
  • Tewkesbury
  • Gloucester (county town)

Transport

Bridges

Main article: Crossings of the River Severn

The Severn is bridged at many places, and many of these bridges are notable in their own right, with several designed and built by the engineer Thomas Telford. This is lists some of the crossings of the River Severn in Great Britain, in order from source to mouth Thomas Telford (9 August 1757 - 2 September 1834 was born in Westerkirk, Scotland. There also is the famous Iron Bridge at Ironbridge, which is the first ever iron bridge in the world. Ironbridge is a settlement on the River Severn, at the heart of the Ironbridge Gorge in Telford, Shropshire, England.

The two bridges of the Severn crossing carrying roads (opened in 1966 and 1996) link Wales with the southern counties of England and are among the most important in Britain. Severn crossing is a term used to refer to the two Motorway crossings over the River Severn estuary between England and Wales. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

• Severn Bridge — opened in 1966 carrying the M48
• Second Severn Crossing — opened in 1996 carrying the M4 motorway

Previous to the construction of the first bridge in 1966, the channel was crossed by the Aust Ferry. For the Ontario community see Severn Bridge Ontario Not to be confused with Second Severn Crossing The The M48 is a Motorway in Great Britain joining Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire over the original Severn Bridge. The Second Severn Crossing ( Welsh: Ail Groesfan Hafren) is a Motorway crossing over the River Severn between England and Wales The M4 motorway is a Motorway in Great Britain linking London with Wales. Motorway is a term for both a type of Road and a classification or designation The Aust Ferry was a Ferry service that operated across the River Severn in Gloucestershire, England, between the villages of Aust

Rail

The Severn Tunnel, situated near the Second Severn Crossing road bridge, carries the Great Western Main Line under the channel. The Severn Tunnel ( Welsh: Twnnel Hafren) is a Railway Tunnel in the United Kingdom, linking South Gloucestershire in the The Second Severn Crossing ( Welsh: Ail Groesfan Hafren) is a Motorway crossing over the River Severn between England and Wales The Great Western Main Line is a main line Railway in England that runs westwards from London Paddington station to Temple Meads

Cars could also be transported through the Severn Tunnel. In the 1950s three trains a day made round trips between Severn Tunnel Junction and Pilning. Severn Tunnel Junction railway station (Cyffordd Twnnel Hafren is a small Railway station on the western side of the Severn Tunnel at Rogiet (which was Pilning railway station is a small railway station at Pilning, South Gloucestershire, England. The vehicles were loaded onto open flat bed carriages and pulled by a small pannier tank locomotive although sometimes they were joined to a scheduled passenger train. A tank locomotive is a Steam locomotive that carries its own fuel and water on it instead of pulling it behind it in a tender. The prudent owner paid to cover the vehicle with a sheet as sparks often flew when the steam locomotive tackled the grade leading to the tunnel exit. A steam locomotive is a Locomotive powered by Steam. The term usually refers to its use on Railways but can also refer to a "road locomotive" A rail coach was provided for passengers and drivers. Reservations could be made and the fee for the car was about thirty shillings in the early 1950s.

Disasters

There have been many disasters on the Severn, making it Britain's most dangerous river. Tewkesbury (ˈtjuːksbri is a Town in Gloucestershire, England. The 2007 United Kingdom floods were a series of destructive floods that occurred in various areas across the country during the summer of 2007 Disasters are common on the River Severn, as it is one of the most dangerous rivers in the United Kingdom, especially the Severn Estuary It has claimed many lives (figures vary depending on how it is recorded, circa 300 people), especially during the 20th century.

Locks

There are locks on the lower Severn to enable sea going boats to reach as far as Stourport. Stourport-on-Severn, often shortened to Stourport, is a Town in north Worcestershire, England, a few miles to the south of Kidderminster The most northerly lock is at Lincombe, about a mile downstream from Stourport.

Associated canals

River Severn

legend Bewdley Limit of navigation Stourport-on-Severn Stourport basins Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal Lincombe lock Holt lock River Salwarpe Droitwich Canal Bevere lock and weir Worcester Worcester and Birmingham Canal Diglis weir and locks River Avon Avon lock Tewkesbury Upper Lode lock Coombe Hill Canal Maisemore weir Herefordshire and Gloucestershire Canal Gloucester weir Gloucester lock Gloucester Dock and Victoria Basin Gloucester and Sharpness Canal New Swing Bridge Stroudwater Canal River Severn Sharpness Old Lock Sharpness Lock Lydney Canal Severn Bridge M48 motorway Second Severn Crossing M4 motorway

The Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal, the Worcester and Birmingham Canal, and the Herefordshire and Gloucestershire Canal all join the Severn at Stourport, Worcester and Gloucester respectively. Bewdley ( pronunciation) is a small Town in Worcestershire, England, along the Severn Valley a few miles to the west of Stourport-on-Severn, often shortened to Stourport, is a Town in north Worcestershire, England, a few miles to the south of Kidderminster The Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal is a narrow navigable Canal in the Midlands of England, passing through the counties of Staffordshire The Droitwich Canal is a synthesis of two canals in Worcestershire, England; the Droitwich Barge Canal and the Droitwich Junction Canal. Worcester (ˈwʊstə is a city and County town of Worcestershire, in the West Midlands of England. The Worcester and Birmingham Canal is a Canal linking Birmingham and Worcester in England. The River Avon or Avon is a River in or adjoining the counties of Leicestershire, Northamptonshire, Warwickshire, Tewkesbury (ˈtjuːksbri is a Town in Gloucestershire, England. The Coombe Hill Canal was a canal that ran from Coombe Hill Basin to the River Severn near Wainlode Hill The Herefordshire and Gloucestershire Canal (sometimes known as the Hereford and Gloucester Canal) is a Canal in the west of England, which ran from Gloucester (ˈɡlɒstɚ) is a city, district and County town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England. The Gloucester and Sharpness Canal or Gloucester and Berkeley Canal is a Canal in the west of England, between Gloucester and Sharpness The Stroudwater Navigation is a Canal linking Stroud to the Severn Estuary in England and Wales Sharpness is an English Port in Gloucestershire, one of the most inland in Britain and eighth largest in the South West Sharpness is an English Port in Gloucestershire, one of the most inland in Britain and eighth largest in the South West Time Line 1809 The Lydney and Lidbrook Railway Act enables construction of a Tramway from Lydbrook to Lydney. For the Ontario community see Severn Bridge Ontario Not to be confused with Second Severn Crossing The The M48 is a Motorway in Great Britain joining Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire over the original Severn Bridge. The Second Severn Crossing ( Welsh: Ail Groesfan Hafren) is a Motorway crossing over the River Severn between England and Wales The M4 motorway is a Motorway in Great Britain linking London with Wales. The Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal is a narrow navigable Canal in the Midlands of England, passing through the counties of Staffordshire The Worcester and Birmingham Canal is a Canal linking Birmingham and Worcester in England. The Herefordshire and Gloucestershire Canal (sometimes known as the Hereford and Gloucester Canal) is a Canal in the west of England, which ran from Stourport-on-Severn, often shortened to Stourport, is a Town in north Worcestershire, England, a few miles to the south of Kidderminster Worcester (ˈwʊstə is a city and County town of Worcestershire, in the West Midlands of England. Gloucester (ˈɡlɒstɚ) is a city, district and County town of Gloucestershire in the South West region of England. The Droitwich Barge Canal used to join the Severn at Hawford, near to the River Salwarpe and it hoped that a new link to the Severn via the Salwarpe will be re-established in the future. The Droitwich Canal is a synthesis of two canals in Worcestershire, England; the Droitwich Barge Canal and the Droitwich Junction Canal. Hawford is a hamlet in Worcestershire, England. It falls within two parishes Claines and Ombersley. The River Salwarpe is a river in Worcestershire, England. Rising near Bromsgrove, is passes Stoke Prior, Upton Warren, Wychbold

Paddle steamers

The main operator of pleasure craft and particularly paddle steamers on the river from the mid-1800s to the late 1970s were P and A Campbell of Bristol, but also included the Barry Railway Company. A paddle steamer is a ship or boat driven by a Steam engine that uses one or more Paddle wheels to develop thrust for propulsion. P & A Campbell Ltd of Bristol with its White Funnel Fleet became the dominant excursion-steamer operator in the Bristol Channel by the 1890s and along Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London The Barry Railway Company was promoted by interests in coal mining and steel in the South Wales valleys as an alternative to the existing rail service to Cardiff docks in There were also three ferries operating between Aust and Chepstow these were called the Severn King, Severn Queen and Severn Princess. The Severn Princess is currently undergoing restoration after being found in Ireland full of fertiliser, after dragging her back with her sinking twice on the way it is hoped that at some time in the near future she will be fully operational again. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Severn King and Queen were scrapped not long after their decommission following the completion of the First Severn Bridge.

In Worcester, the Worcester River Cruises have boat trips up and down the river operating the boats The Pride of the Midlands and The Earl Grosvenor. After 2008 there are plans for another boat, The Severn Travellor, to be refurbished and relaunched for trips.

Severn Estuary

The River Severn extends down to the Second Severn Crossing. Severn crossing is a term used to refer to the two Motorway crossings over the River Severn estuary between England and Wales. The Second Severn Crossing ( Welsh: Ail Groesfan Hafren) is a Motorway crossing over the River Severn between England and Wales The Severn Estuary begins at this point and stretches to a line from Lavernock Point (south of Cardiff) to Sand Point near Weston-super-Mare. The Severn Estuary (Môr Hafren is the Estuary of the River Severn, the longest River in Great Britain. Lavernock (Larnog is a hamlet in the Vale of Glamorgan in Wales, lying on the coast West of Cardiff between Penarth and Sully Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Sand Point in Somerset is the peninsula stretching out from Middle Hope which lies to the north of the village of Kewstoke, and the stretch of coastline called Sand Bay Weston-super-Mare is a Seaside resort town and Civil parish in North Somerset, England. West of this line is the Bristol Channel. The Bristol Channel ( Môr Hafren) is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales from Devon and Somerset In the Severn estuary (or the Bristol Channel in the last two cases, depending where the boundary is drawn) are the rocky islands called Denny Island, Steep Holm and Flat Holm. The Bristol Channel ( Môr Hafren) is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales from Devon and Somerset Denny Island ( is a small rocky Island of, with scrub vegetation in the mouth of the River Severn. Steep Holm ( is an English Island lying in the Bristol Channel. Flat Holm (Ynys Echni is a limestone Island lying in the Bristol Channel approximately from Lavernock Point in Glamorgan.

Severn bore

A curious phenomenon associated with the lower reaches of the Severn is the tidal bore. A tidal bore (or just bore, or eagre) is a tidal phenomenon in which the leading edge of the incoming tide forms a wave (or waves of water that travel The Severn bore forms somewhat upstream of the Port of Sharpness, which is also the Southern terminus of the Gloucester and Sharpness Canal. Sharpness is an English Port in Gloucestershire, one of the most inland in Britain and eighth largest in the South West The Gloucester and Sharpness Canal or Gloucester and Berkeley Canal is a Canal in the west of England, between Gloucester and Sharpness

The river's estuary, which empties into the Bristol Channel, has the second largest tidal range in the world — about 15 metres (49 ft),^[7][8] exceeded only by the Bay of Fundy ; and during the highest tides, the rising water is funnelled up the estuary into a wave that travels rapidly upstream against the river current. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open The Bristol Channel ( Môr Hafren) is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales from Devon and Somerset The tidal range is the vertical difference between the highest High tide and the lowest Low tide. Tides Folklore in the Mi'kmaq First Nation claims that the tides in the Bay of Fundy are caused by a giant whale splashing in the water The largest bores occur in spring, but smaller ones can be seen throughout the year. The Environment Agency publishes timetable and prediction of bore heights on its website. The Environment Agency (Asiantaeth yr Amgylchedd is a Non-Departmental Public Body of the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs and an Assembly ^[9]. Being the onset of the flood tide it is accompanied by a rapid rise in water level which continues for about one and a half hours after the bore has passed. The Severn Bore is a natural example of a self-reinforcing solitary wave or soliton. In Mathematics and Physics, a soliton is a self-reinforcing solitary wave (a wave packet or pulse that maintains its shape while it travels at constant speed

River surfing enthusiasts even attempt to surf along on the wave, which can be 2 metres (7 ft). River surfing is the sport of Surfing either Standing waves or Tidal bores in Rivers. In March 2006, an unofficial record surf was achieved, for the longest-ever 'surf', by Steve King, a railway engineer from Gloucestershire, England. History See also History of Gloucestershire Gloucestershire is a historic county mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in the 10th century England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Despite the media acceptance of the record the exact distance of the ride was never verified and the record was later rejected by both the British Surfing Association and Guinness World Records. Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U ^[10] The Gloucester Harbour Trustees, as competent harbour authority for this part of the river, explicitly advise against this pastime. The Gloucester Harbour Trustees are the Competent Harbour Authority (CHA for the tidal part of the River Severn from the Gloucester wiers (Llanthony & Maisemore

In September 2005, several hundred surfers gathered in Newnham on Severn to celebrate 50 years since the first recorded attempt at surfing the Severn Bore and to view the première of Longwave by Donny Wright,^[11] a historical film documenting the evolution of the sport since its inception in 1955. Newnham on Severn is a Village in west Gloucestershire, England.

Tidal power

Main article: Severn Barrage

A huge tidal range and high level of surrounding industry and population have long made the Severn estuary and Bristol Channel a focus for tidal energy schemes and ideas. The Severn Barrage is the name of a number of ideas for building a barrage from the English Coast to the Welsh coast over the The Bristol Channel ( Môr Hafren) is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales from Devon and Somerset Tidal power, sometimes called tidal energy, is a form of Hydropower that converts the energy of Tides into electricity or other useful forms of power Plans for a Severn Barrage — running 16 km (10 miles) across the Bristol Channel from Lavernock Point near to and south west of Cardiff to Brean Down near and just south west of Weston-super-Mare in Somerset — would generate a massive 8640 MW when the tide flows, and have been discussed for several decades now. The Severn Barrage is the name of a number of ideas for building a barrage from the English Coast to the Welsh coast over the Lavernock (Larnog is a hamlet in the Vale of Glamorgan in Wales, lying on the coast West of Cardiff between Penarth and Sully Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Brean Down is a promontory off the coast of Somerset standing high and extending into the Bristol Channel between Weston-super-Mare and Burnham on Weston-super-Mare is a Seaside resort town and Civil parish in North Somerset, England. Somerset ( or) is a county in south west England The County town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county The power generated would comd from a lake of 185 square miles (479 km²) with a potential energy depth of 14 metres (46 ft). Tidal power only runs for some 10 hours a day, but by using the enclosed lake as a reservoir of potential energy more hours of operation could be achieved. Other energy sources, such as wind and solar power, also create electricity at times that do not always match when it is needed. Excess power could be stored by pumping water uphill, as is already done at a variety of other installations in the UK. Hydro-storage redirects here For storage of water for other purposes see Reservoir.

The UK Government shelved the plans in the late 1980s due largely to cost issues and local environmental concerns. However, this was before recent huge rises in the price of energy, and before Global Warming had started to be taken seriously. Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the In April 2006 the Welsh Assembly approved the idea of utilising the tidal power, but the RSPB has raised serious concerns about the effect on the mud flats, that have European Environmental protection status, and the UK government Energy Review published later in the year did not endorse the scheme. The National Assembly for Wales (Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru is a devolved assembly with power to make legislation in Wales. The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds ( RSPB) is a British Charitable organisation which works to promote conservation and protection ^[12]

Opinion is still divided on the benefits of a proposed barrage. John Hutton, Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform, announced a further feasibility study on 25 September 2007. John Matthew Patrick Hutton (born 6 May 1955, London) is a politician in the United Kingdom. The Secretary of State for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (formerly the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry before the June 28, 2007 Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The proposal for a hydro-electric barrier to generate 8. 6 GW and meet five percent of Britain's power needs, is being opposed by environmental groups. ^[13][14]

Industry

A 6 mile (10 km) stretch of the Severn valley in Shropshire, known as the Ironbridge Gorge, was designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1986. Shropshire (ˈʃrɒpʃɪə/ /-ʃə alternatively known as Salop or abbreviated in print only Shrops, is a county in the The Ironbridge Gorge is a deep Gorge formed by the river Severn in Shropshire, England A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 Its historic importance is due to its role as the centre of the iron industry in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Ironbridge gets its name from the bridge across the Severn, built in 1779, which was the first cast-iron bridge ever constructed.

Wildlife

The sides of the estuary are also important feeding grounds for waders, notably at the Bridgwater Bay National Nature Reserve and the Slimbridge Wildfowl Trust. Waders, called shorebirds in North America (where "wader" is used to refer to long-legged wading Birds such as Storks and Bridgwater Bay is on the Bristol Channel, near Bridgwater in Somerset, England at the mouth of the River Parrett. National Nature Reserves in England are managed by Natural England and are key places for Wildlife and natural features in England. WWT Slimbridge is a Wetland reserve managed by the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust (a UK charity at Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, England

See also

• Rivers of the United Kingdom
• The Severn Way long-distance footpath
• The Severn Area Rescue Association organises rescue lifeboats from Wyre Forest to Beachley
• Mercia Inshore Search and Rescue are based at Upton-upon-Severn
• The Severn Valley, an area straddling Shropshire and Worcestershire
• Severnside, a term with various different uses
• Seven Natural Wonders - 2005 TV programme where the River was described as one of the wonders of the West Country. This article is a list of the longest rivers in the United Kingdom. The Severn Way is a waymarked Long-distance footpath in the United Kingdom following the course of the River Severn in the West Country of The Severn Area Rescue Association aka SARA or Severn Rescue provides inshore Rescue Boat services for the River Severn Estuary and upper reaches of the Mercia Inshore Search and Rescue ( MISAR) also known as Mercia Rescue, is a water rescue team operating from the Marina in Upton-upon-Severn, Upton-upon-Severn is a small Town in Malvern Hills district, Worcestershire, England, on the River Severn, often incorrectly called The Severn Valley is a rural area of mid-western England, through which the River Severn runs and the Severn Valley Railway steam heritage line operates The geographical term Severnside refers to an area adjoining or straddling the River Severn or its estuary in the United Kingdom. Seven Natural Wonders was a Television series that aired on BBC Two from 3 May to 20 June 2005. The West Country is an informal term for the area of south western England roughly corresponding to the modern South West England government region

References

External links

• Tales of the River Severn From source to sea along Britain's longest river
• Portishead and Bristol Lifeboat
• ITV Local footage ITV's Keith Wilkinson (reporter) and Jennifer Binns canoeing the Severn
• The Severn Bore
• Environment Agency - Severn Bore and Trent Aegir
• Surfing The Severn Bore note warning in text from Gloucester Harbour Trustees
• Woodend, a hamlet washed away by the River Severn
• Official site, waterscape.com

Keith Wilkinson is a British Television Reporter. Born in Lancashire, England, he began his career in newspaper journalism as Canoeing is the activity of paddling a Canoe for the purpose of recreation (also called a float trip Sport, or transportation.

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