| River Dee (Wales) (Afon Dyfrdwy) | |
| River | |
 The River Dee at Llangollen
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| Countries |  United Kingdom,  Wales,  England |
|---|---|
| Tributaries | |
| - left | Tryweryn, Alwen, Clywedog, Alyn |
| - right | Ceiriog |
| Cities | Llangollen, Chester |
| Source | |
| - location | slopes of Dduallt above Llanuwchllyn in the mountains of Snowdonia |
| Mouth | Dee Estuary |
| Length | 110 km (68 mi) |
| Basin | 1,800 km² (695 sq mi) |
| Discharge | for Chester Weir |
| - average | 29. Llangollen (ɬaŋ'ɡoɬɛn is a small town in Denbighshire, north-east Wales, situated on the River Dee and on the edge of the Berwyn The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland For the flooding of the Tryweryn Valley see Llyn Celyn. The Tryweryn is a River in north Wales which starts at Llyn Tryweryn in The River Clywedog in the county borough of Wrexham, Wales has always been the lifeblood of the area watering crops and livestock since early times powering The River Alyn ( Welsh: Afon Alun) is a Tributary of the River Dee. Llangollen (ɬaŋ'ɡoɬɛn is a small town in Denbighshire, north-east Wales, situated on the River Dee and on the edge of the Berwyn Chester is the County town of Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77040 Dduallt ( Welsh for black hill) is a Mountain in central Snowdonia, North Wales. Llanuwchllyn is a Village in Gwynedd, North Wales, near the southern end of Bala Lake (Llyn Tegid Snowdonia (Eryri is a region of North Wales and a National park of in area The Dee Estuary (Aber Dyfrdwy is a large Estuary where the River Dee flows into Liverpool Bay. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Chester Weir is a Weir which crosses the River Dee at Chester, Cheshire, England, slightly upstream from the Old Dee Bridge 71 m³/s (1,049 cu ft/s) |
| Discharge elsewhere (average) | |
| - Manley Hall | 31. CM3 redirects here If you were looking for the 3rd game in the Cooking Mama series abbreviated as CM3 see here. The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units The cubic foot is an imperial and US customary (non- metric) unit of Volume, used in the United States Canada and the United Kingdom The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units 03 m³/s (1,096 cu ft/s) |
The River Dee (Welsh: Afon Dyfrdwy) is a 70 mile (110 km) long river. CM3 redirects here If you were looking for the 3rd game in the Cooking Mama series abbreviated as CM3 see here. The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units The cubic foot is an imperial and US customary (non- metric) unit of Volume, used in the United States Canada and the United Kingdom The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there It travels through Wales and England and also forms part of the border between them. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
The river rises in Snowdonia, Wales, flows north via Chester, England, and discharges to the sea into an estuary between Wales and The Wirral Peninsula (England). Snowdonia (Eryri is a region of North Wales and a National park of in area Chester is the County town of Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77040 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Wirral or the Wirral (ˈwɪrəl is a Peninsula in the north west of England.
Contents |
Statistics
The total catchment area of the River Dee up to Chester Weir is 1818 km². Chester Weir is a Weir which crosses the River Dee at Chester, Cheshire, England, slightly upstream from the Old Dee Bridge Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of [1] The average rainfall over the catchment is estimated to be 640 mm yielding an average flow of 37 m³/s. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to A cubic metre per second ( m3·s&minus1, m3/s, cumecs or cubic meter per second in American English The larger reservoirs in the catchment are:
- Bala Lake (Llyn Tegid) - 400 acres (1. A reservoir is most broadly a place or hollow vessel where Fluid is kept in Reserve, for later use A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, Bala Lake ( Llyn Tegid in Welsh) in Gwynedd, was the largest natural body of water in Wales prior to the level being raised by Thomas Telford The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U 6 km²)
- Llyn Brenig - 370 acres (1. Llyn Brenig is a reservoir located in North Wales, in the heart of the Denbigh moors on the border between the counties of Conwy and Denbighshire 5 km²)
- Llyn Celyn - 325 acres (1. Llyn Celyn is a large Reservoir constructed between 1960 and 1965 in the valley of the River Tryweryn in North Wales. 3 km²)
Catchment
Natural Course
The River Dee has its source on the slopes of Dduallt above Llanuwchllyn in the mountains of Snowdonia in Merioneth, Gwynedd, Wales, and then passes through Bala Lake. Llangollen (ɬaŋ'ɡoɬɛn is a small town in Denbighshire, north-east Wales, situated on the River Dee and on the edge of the Berwyn Dduallt ( Welsh for black hill) is a Mountain in central Snowdonia, North Wales. Llanuwchllyn is a Village in Gwynedd, North Wales, near the southern end of Bala Lake (Llyn Tegid Snowdonia (Eryri is a region of North Wales and a National park of in area Merionethshire (Meirionnydd Sir Feirionnydd is one of thirteen historic counties of Wales, and a former administrative county History Gwynedd was an independent kingdom from the end of the Roman period until the 13th Century when it was conquered and subjugated by England Bala Lake ( Llyn Tegid in Welsh) in Gwynedd, was the largest natural body of water in Wales prior to the level being raised by Thomas Telford The path of the river trends generally east-south-east as it descends off the Ordovician Denbigh moors, over the man-made Horseshoe Falls and through Llangollen, generally skirting the outcropping Karstic limestone exposures north of Llangollen. The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six of the Paleozoic era, and covers the time between 488 The Horseshoe Falls ( is an artificially created Waterfall on the River Dee near Llantysilio Hall in Denbighshire, Wales, approximately three Llangollen (ɬaŋ'ɡoɬɛn is a small town in Denbighshire, north-east Wales, situated on the River Dee and on the edge of the Berwyn Karst topography is a landscape shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble Bedrock, usually Carbonate rock such as Limestone Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 East of Llangollen, Thomas Telford's Pontcysyllte Aqueduct, of 1805, carries the Shropshire Union Canal 120 feet (37 m) overhead. Thomas Telford (9 August 1757 - 2 September 1834 was born in Westerkirk, Scotland. The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct ˌpɔntkəˈsʌɬtɛ (and approximately pronounced "pont-kuss-uth-tay" is a navigable Aqueduct that carries the Llangollen Canal The Shropshire Union Canal is a navigable Canal in England; the Llangollen and Montgomery canals are the modern names of branches of the SU system
One of the major tributaries of the Dee, the Afon Alyn crosses the carboniferous limestone from Halkyn Mountain and down through the Loggerheads area before making its confluence near Mold. The River Alyn ( Welsh: Afon Alun) is a Tributary of the River Dee. The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian period about 359 Loggerheads is a village in Denbighshire, Wales on the River Alyn, a tributary of the River Dee. Mold (Yr Wyddgrug is a Town in Flintshire, North Wales, on the River Alyn. Throughout the length of the Alyn there are numerous sinkholes and caverns and during the summer months long stretches of the river bed run dry. A sinkhole, also known as a sink, shake hole, swallow hole, swallet, doline or Cenote, is a natural depression A cave is a natural underground void large enough for a human to enter These caves include Ogof Hesp Alyn and Ogof Hen Ffynhonau. Ogof Hesp Alyn ( Welsh for Dry Alyn Cave) was discovered by North Wales Caving Club in 1973 in the Alyn Gorge near Cilcain, Flintshire Ogof Hen Ffynhonau ( Welsh for Old Springs Cave) lies in the Alyn Gorge, North Wales close to Ogof Hesp Alyn. A significant part of this lost flow re-emerges in the Milwr Tunnel, a man-made tunnel, entering the west bank of the Dee estuary carrying some 12 million imperial gallons per day (600 L/s). The Milwr Tunnel is a mine drainage running from Loggerheads near Mold to Bagillt on the Dee Estuary in North Wales This tunnel was originally constructed to drain metal mines in Halkyn Mountain. Once the main river Dee approaches the Cheshire border and the carboniferous coal measures, it turns sharply northwards before meandering up to Chester. Cheshire (or archaically the County of Chester) is a county in North West England. Chester is the County town of Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77040 This long stretch of the river drops in height by only a few feet and can be regarded as a highly linear lake. The rich adjoining farmland has many remnants of abandoned coal workings and deep clay-pits used to make bricks and tiles. Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining. A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as Ceramic, stone, metal or even Glass. A number of these pits are now being used as landfill sites for domestic and commercial waste. For other uses see Water treatment and Land reclamation. A landfill, also known as a dump (and historically as
At Holt and Farndon, the river crosses into England under a medieval bridge and then passes under the A55 and northwards to Chester. Holt is a town in the county borough of Wrexham, Wales. Located on the western bank of the River Dee, it has a ruined stone Castle, built Farndon is a Village and Civil parish in Chester District, Cheshire, England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The A55, also known as the North Wales Expressway, is a major road in Britain. Chester is the County town of Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77040 At Chester the river passes and around the Earl's Eye(s) meadow. In the Chester region the river side is used as a recreation area with a bandstand, benches and boat cruises, by two bridges. The first is the Queen's Park Suspension Bridge, which forms the only exclusively pedestrian footway across the river in Chester. The second is the Old Dee Bridge, a road bridge and by far the oldest bridge in Chester, being built in about 1387 on the site of a series of wooden predecessors which dated originally from the Roman period. The Old Dee Bridge, in Chester, Cheshire, England is the oldest bridge in the city
Above the Old Dee Bridge, the river has a weir, which was built by Hugh Lupus to supply power to his corn mills. Handbridge ( Treboeth in Welsh) is a small district of Chester, England on the south bank of the River Dee. The Grosvenor Bridge is a single-span arch Road bridge constructed from stone WEIR (1430 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a News Talk Information format Hugh d'Avranches 1st Earl of Chester (died July 27, 1101) was one of the great magnates of early Norman England. Throughout the centuries the weir has been used to power corn, fulling, needle, snuff and flint mills. The same weir was used as part of a hydro-electric scheme in 1911 with the help of a small generator building which is still visible today, used as a pumping station for water since 1951. However the first water pumping station here was set up in 1600 by John Tyrer who pumped water to a square tower built on the city's Bridgegate. It was destroyed in the Civil War but an octagonal tower built in 1690 for the same purpose lasted until the gate was replaced with an arch in the mid-18th century.
On this weir is a fish pass and fish counting station to monitor the numbers of salmon ascending the river. Fishways, most commonly called fish ladders but also known as fish passes and in Australia also referred to as fish steps, are structures on or around artificial Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae. A little further downstream stands the Grosvenor Bridge (designed by architect Thomas Harrison of Chester), which was opened in 1833 to ease congestion on the Old Dee Bridge. The Grosvenor Bridge is a single-span arch Road bridge constructed from stone Thomas Harrison ( August 7 (baptised 1744 &ndash 29 March 1829) was an English Architect and Engineer. This bridge was opened by Princess Victoria five years before she became Queen.
The other side of the Grosvenor Bridge is the Roodee, Chester's race course and the oldest course in the country. Chester Racecourse, known as the Roodee, is according to official records the oldest Racecourse still in use in England. This used to be the site of Chester's Roman harbour until, aided by the building of the weir, the River Dee silted up to become the size it is today. The only curiously remaining reminder of this site's maritime past is a stone cross which stands in the middle of the Roodee which exhibits the marks of water ripples. To the end of the Roodee the river is crossed again by a second bridge, now carrying the Chester–Holyhead railway line, before leaving Chester. It was the scene of one of the first serious railway accidents in the country, the Dee bridge disaster. The Dee bridge disaster was an English Rail accident that occurred on 24 May 1847 with five fatalities
Canalised Section
North of Chester, the river flows along an artificial channel excavated between 1732-36. The work was planned and undertaken by engineers from the Netherlands and paid for by local merchants and Chester Corporation. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands It was an attempt to improve navigation for shipping and reduce silting. Chester's trade had declined steadily since the end of the 17th century as sediment had prevented larger craft reaching the city.
After four year's work, the river was diverted from its natural meandering course. This route passed Blacon, Saughall, Shotwick Castle, Burton and Parkgate and up the west shore of Wirral. Blacon is a large ex-council owned housing estate near Chester, in Cheshire, England, containing a mixture of private homes and substantial public council-built This article is about the village of Saughall See also Saughall Massie for the village on the Wirral Peninsula. Shotwick Castle existed near to the village of Saughall, Cheshire, England ( Burton is a Village on the Wirral Peninsula, in the district of Ellesmere Port and Neston in Cheshire, England Parkgate is a village on the Wirral Peninsula, in the part that remains in Cheshire, in the North West of England. Wirral or the Wirral (ˈwɪrəl is a Peninsula in the north west of England. Instead the new canalised section followed the coast along North East Wales. During this time, Sealand and Shotton were reclaimed from the estuary. Sealand (Gwlad y Mor is a community in Flintshire, north-east Wales. Shotton is a Town in Flintshire, north Wales, lying on the River Dee. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open Land reclamation in this area continued until 1916. The river's natural course can be still be determined by following the bank and low bluffs that mark the western edge of the Wirral Peninsula.
The man-made channel, which runs in a straight line for five miles (8 km), passes beneath three road bridges. The first two are adjacent to each other at Queensferry. Queensferry (Y Fferi Isaf is a Town in Flintshire, North Wales, lying on the River Dee near the border with England. They are a 1960s fixed-arch bridge carrying the North Wales–England trunk road and its predecessor the New Jubilee Bridge, which is a rolling Bascule bridge completed in 1926. The A494 is an important trunk road in Wales. The road runs from "Drome Corner" near Queensferry, the junction of the A548 towards Chester and The Bascule Bridge is a paved one-lane highway bridge in Westport, Massachusetts, USA. The third crossing, and the most recent, is at Connah's Quay. Connah's Quay (Cei Connah is the largest Town in Flintshire, North Wales, lying on the River Dee, near the border with England The Flintshire Bridge is a fixed cable-stayed bridge. A It opened in 1999.
Between the second and third road bridges is Hawarden railway bridge, originally constructed as a swing bridge but now never opened. Hawarden Bridge is a Railway Bridge over the River Dee, near to Shotton, Flintshire, Wales. A swing bridge is a Movable bridge that has as its primary structural support a vertical locating pin and support ring at or near to its center about which the turning It carries the Birkenhead–Wrexham Borderlands Line line over the river. Birkenhead is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England. Wrexham (Wrecsam is a town and principal area in Wales. It is the largest town in North Wales and lies to the east of the region The Borderlands Line is the Railway line between Wrexham, Wales, and Bidston, Wirral, England.
A footbridge replaced the passenger ferry at Saltney in the 1970s. Saltney is a small Town in Flintshire, North Wales. It is immediately to the west of the border with Cheshire in England and forms
The river then opens out into the Dee Estuary, forming the north eastern tip of the North Wales coast and the western coast of the Wirral. The Dee Estuary (Aber Dyfrdwy is a large Estuary where the River Dee flows into Liverpool Bay. Wirral or the Wirral (ˈwɪrəl is a Peninsula in the north west of England. Towns along the coast include Flint, Holywell and Mostyn on the Welsh side and Neston, Parkgate, West Kirby and Hoylake on the Wirral side. Flint (or flintstone) is a hard sedimentary Cryptocrystalline form of the Mineral Quartz, categorized as a variety of Chert Holywell (Treffynnon is the fifth largest Town in Flintshire, North Wales, lying to the west of the estuary Mostyn is a small village in Flintshire, North Wales, lying on the estuary of the River Dee, and located near the town of Holywell. Neston is a small residential town in the district of Ellesmere Port and Neston. Parkgate is a village on the Wirral Peninsula, in the part that remains in Cheshire, in the North West of England. West Kirby is a town located on the north west corner of the coast of the Wirral Peninsula, Merseyside, England, at the mouth of the River Dee Hoylake is a seaside town on the Wirral Peninsula, Merseyside, England.
Uses
Taken from Chainbridge, Llangollen
Industry
Large parts of the catchment are devoted to agriculture and there a number of abstractions made from the river for summer irrigation. The volumes involved are not however significant.
From Chirk downstream, the river valley has supported a wide range of industries that were initially drawn to the area by the presence of coal mines and later by the deep deposits of carboniferous clays used to make bricks and tiles. The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian period about 359 Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and A brick is a block of Ceramic material used in Masonry construction laid using mortar. A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as Ceramic, stone, metal or even Glass.
The coal industry in particular gave rise to a number of chemical industries some of which survive to this day and which both take water from the river and discharge their cleaned up effluent back into the river. Industries in the valley include commercial chemicals manufacturer, wood chip and MDF fabrication, cocoa milling, fibreglass manufacture, waste disposal (in old clay pits) and a great variety of smaller industries concentrated around Wrexham. Medium-density fiberboard ( MDF or MDFB) is an Engineered wood product formed by breaking down Softwood into Wood fibers often in Cocoa is the dried and fully fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree from which Chocolate is made Fiberglass (also called fibreglass and glass fibre see Spelling differences) is material made from extremely fine Fibers of Glass. For other uses see Water treatment and Land reclamation. A landfill, also known as a dump (and historically as A clay pit is a Quarry or mine for the extraction of Clay, which is generally used for manufacturing Pottery, Bricks or Portland Wrexham (Wrecsam is a town and principal area in Wales. It is the largest town in North Wales and lies to the east of the region The main impact on the river of these industries is their thirst for a dependable good quality water supply.
Currently the wings for the Airbus A380, which are made at Airbus' manufacturing factory in Broughton, are taken downriver by barge to the Port of Mostyn because they are too large to be shipped in an Airbus Beluga. Airbus SAS (ˈɛərbʌs in English, Airbus2ogg|/ɛʁbys/]] in French, and /ˈɛːɐbʊs/ in German) is an aircraft manufacturing WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Broughton (Brychdyn is a small district in Flintshire, Wales, close to the Wales–England border and located to the west of the Mostyn is a small village in Flintshire, North Wales, lying on the estuary of the River Dee, and located near the town of Holywell. The Airbus A300-600ST ( S uper T ransporter or Beluga is a version of the standard A300-600 wide-body Airliner [2] However, the dredging of the river for the barge may be responsible for a weakening of the tidal bore.
Abstractions
There are a number of direct water abstractions upstream of Chester by three water companies and by the canal. The size of the abstraction is very large compared to the summer flow and the flow in the river is very highly regulated through the use of reservoirs to store water in the winter and release it in the summer. The whole system is managed as the River Dee regulation system. The water demands of North West England including Liverpool and the Wirral far exceed the locally available sources of clean water Below Chester water is also abstracted as cooling water by the gas-fired power station at Connah's Quay. Connah's Quay (Cei Connah is the largest Town in Flintshire, North Wales, lying on the River Dee, near the border with England Process and cooling water is also abstracted for the paper mill and power station at Shotton. A paper mill is a Factory devoted to making Paper from wood pulp and other ingredients using a Fourdrinier Machine or similar apparatus
Canoeing
The Dee used to be a popular whitewater kayaking and touring river (particular the grade III/IV whitewater section upstream of Llangollen). Whitewater kayaking is the sport of paddling a Kayak on a moving body of water typically a Whitewater river Whitewater is formed in a Rapid, when a River 's gradient drops enough to disturb its Laminar flow and create Turbulence, i It stays high after rain for longer than most British rivers and is paddleable year-round (thanks to the River Dee Regulation System). Canoeing used to be allowed on about twelve weekends per year, and tens of thousands of canoeists descended on Llangollen for recreational paddling (several Dee tours were held every winter), slalom competitions, and wild water races. Whitewater racing is a competitive discipline of Canoeing in which Kayaks or canadian canoes are used to negotiate a stretch of river speedily
Public access to the river is arranged by the Welsh Canoe Association. The misleadingly titled Welsh Canoeing Association (WCA is the governing body for canoeing and Kayaking in Wales. In 2003, negotiations with the angling associations owning fishing rights on the Dee broke down. Angling is a method of Fishing by means of an "angle" ( hook) The anglers wanted to restrict the numbers of paddlers on the river when paddling was allowed but the Welsh Canoe Association wanted to renew the previous agreement. As a result, all canoeing on the river was banned. In November 2004, a protest about the lack of access on the Dee, and to rivers across England and Wales, was held in Llangollen. More protests are likely in the future. Following the failure of the access agreement, many canoeists use the river at will from the numerous access points along its banks.
Canoeing is permitted on one 100 m long rapid 1 km upstream of Llangollen, and on some flat sections far downstream in England.
Fishing
The river has been famed as a mixed fishery with Salmon and trout fishing, mostly in the upper waters and a good coarse fishery in the lower reaches. Salmon is the common name for several species of Fish of the family Salmonidae. The brown trout ( Salmo trutta morpha fario and S trutta morpha lacustris) and the sea trout ( S A major pollution in the middle reaches in the late 1990s did extensive damage to the fishery from which it is now largely recovered.
Additional Images
References
- ^ National Water Archive [1]
- ^ marine safety in the Dee Conservancy. Environment Agency Wales.
Further reading
- G. W. Place, The Rise and Fall of Parkgate, Passenger Port for Ireland (1994).
- Gordon Emery, Curious Chester (1999) ISBN 1-872265-94-4
- Gordon Emery, Chester Inside Out (1998) ISBN 1-872265-92-8
- Gordon Emery, The Chester Guide(2003) ISBN 1-872265-89-8
- ed Gordon Emery, The Old Chester Canal ISBN 1-872265-88-X
- Gordon Emery, Chester Electric Lighting Station (2002) ISBN 1-872265-48-0
- Roy Wilding, Miller of Dee (1997) ISBN 1-872265-95-2
- Roy Wilding Death in Chester (2003) ISBN 1-872265-44-8
- PR Lewis, Disaster on the Dee: Robert Stephenson's Nemesis of 1847, Tempus Publishing (2007) ISBN 978 0 7524 4266 2
See also
- Rivers of the United Kingdom
- Dee bridge - The Dee bridge disaster
- Dee 106.3 - radio station based in Chester
- Miller of Dee - traditional folk song
External links
- River Dee guide
- Dee Estuary bird life
- Dee Estuary photos
- Videoclip of L400 Delica's crossing River Dee, Wales
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