State of Rio Grande do Sul
Capital (and largest city)		Porto Alegre
Demonym		Gaúcho or Sul-rio-grandense
Government
-	Governor	Yeda Crusius
-	Vice Governor	Paulo Afonso Feijó
Area
-	Total	281.748,538 km² (9th)
Population
-	2006 estimate	10,963,216 (5th)
-	2005 census	10,854,343
-	Density	38. Porto Alegre ( is the 10th largest city in Brazil, and the capital city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Yeda Rorato Crusius ( São Paulo, July 26 1944 is an economist and the governor of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions  Areas between 10000 km² and 100000 km² are listed here There are 27 States of Brazil, or Estados in Portuguese which are the federal states of Brazil, plus the Federal District which holds the capital city In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. There are 26 States of Brazil, or Estados in Portuguese which are the federal states of Brazil, plus the Federal District which holds the capital city Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/km² (13th)
GDP		2005 estimate
-	Total	R$ 144,344,000,000 (4th)
-	Per capita	R$ 13,310 (7th)
HDI (2000)		0. There are 27 States of Brazil, or Estados in Portuguese which are the federal states of Brazil, plus the Federal District which holds the capital city Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article lists Brazilian states by Gross Domestic Product. Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' This article lists Brazilian states by Gross Domestic Product. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. 814 (high) (4th)
Abbreviation		BR-RS
Time zone		BRT (UTC-3)
-	Summer (DST)	BRST (UTC-2)

Rio Grande do Sul (help·info) (pronounced [ʁiu 'gɾɐ̃.de do suɫ];^[1] lit. This is a list of Brazilian states by Human Development Index as included in the 2008 United Nations Development Program 's Report compiled on the basis of 2005 data and published ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ISO 3166-2BR is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to Brazil. Brazil has three Time zones It also observes summer time; however not only do the starting and ending dates often change from year to year it is also not followed Areas using UTC−3 Single zone countries without DST Suriname Single zone countries with DST Summer is one of the four Temperate Seasons Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days Daylight saving time ( DST Brazil has three Time zones It also observes summer time; however not only do the starting and ending dates often change from year to year it is also not followed UTC−2 is used as offset for Argentina (DST only except for San Luis Province) Brazil: Ocean Islands - "Large River of the South") is the southernmost State of Brazil, and the State with the fourth highest Human Development Index (HDI). The Federative Republic of Brazil is a union of twenty-six estados ("states" singular estado) and formed by the states and one district the Distrito |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP ^[2] In the largest and most populous state of the region is the most southern city of the country, Chuí, on the border with Uruguay. Chuí is a city located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America The mountain region, where the winter can be rigorous, has cities with European characteristics, such as Gramado and Canela. Gramado is a municipality and small touristic town southeast of Caxias do Sul and east of Nova Petrópolis in the southern Brazilian state of Canela, meaning Cinnamon in Portuguese is a town located in the Serra Gaúcha of Rio Grande In the region of Bento Gonçalves and Caxias do Sul, the largest wine producing center of Brazil, the attraction is the Italian gastronomy. Bento Gonçalves ( pron. bẽtu gõsalves is a town located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Caxias do Sul is a city in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, situated in the state's mountainous Serra Gaúcha region Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Gastronomy is the study of the relationship between Culture and Food. Besides the European influence, the gaucho cultivates the traditions of the Pampas — region of the border with Uruguay and Argentina — such as the chimarrão, the typical barbecue churrasco and wears the bombacha, boots and large hats. Laguna de Gomezjpg|thumb|left|240px|Lake Gomez near Junín in the heart of the Pampas grain belt Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics.

Contents 1 Geography 1.1 Climate 1.2 Ecoregions 2 History 3 Demographics 4 Economy 5 Interesting facts 6 Education 6.1 Educational institutions 7 Infrastructure 7.1 International airports 7.2 Highways 8 Culture 9 Main language 9.1 Minority languages 10 Tourism and recreation 11 Sports 12 Main towns 13 Same sex civil union 14 References 15 See also

Geography

Rio Grande do Sul is bordered to the north by the Brazilian State of Santa Catarina, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Uruguay, and to the west by Argentina. (ˈsɐ̃ta kataˈɾina is a state in southern Brazil with one of the highest standards of living in the country Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics.

The northern part of the state lies on the southern slopes of the elevated plateau extending southward from São Paulo across the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, and is much broken by low mountain ranges whose general direction across the trend of the slope gives them the appearance of escarpments. ( is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy Other meanings Paraná Argentina, Paraná River Paraná (paɾaˈna is one of the states of Brazil, A range of low mountains extends southward from the Serra do Mar of Santa Catarina and crosses the state into Uruguay. Serra do Mar ( Portuguese for Mountain Range of the Sea) is a 1500 km long system of Mountain ranges and Escarpments in Southeastern Brazil West of this range is a vast grassy plain devoted principally to stock-raising — the northern and most elevated part being suitable in pasturage and climate for sheep, and the southern for cattle. East of it is a wide coastal zone only slightly elevated above the sea; within it are two great estuarine lagoons, the Lagoa dos Patos and Lagoa Mirim, which are separated from the ocean by two sandy, partially barren peninsulas. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open Lagoa dos Patos (English Lagoon of the Ducks) is the second largest Lagoon in Latin America. Lagoa Mirim ( Portuguese) or Laguna Merín ( Spanish) is a large estuarine Lagoon which extends from southern Rio Grande do The coast is one great sand beach, broken only by the outlet of the two lakes, called the Rio Grande, which affords an entrance to navigable inland waters and several ports. There are two distinct river systems in Rio Grande do Sul - that of the eastern slope draining to the lagoons, and that of the La Plata basin draining westward to the Uruguay River. The Río de la Plata ( Spanish: " Silver River" &mdash which is often referred to in English-speaking countries as the River Plate The Uruguay River (in Spanish, Río Uruguay, uɾuˈɣwaj in Portuguese, Rio Uruguai,) is a River in South

The larger rivers of the eastern group are the Jacuí, Sinos, Caí, Gravataí and Camacuã, which flow into the Lagoa dos Patos, and the Jaguarão which flows into the Lagoa Mirim. The Jacuí River is a river in Rio Grande do Sul state of southern Brazil. The Jaguarão or Yaguarón River ( Portuguese Rio Jaguarão, Spanish Río Yaguarón) forms the border between Uruguay and All of the first named, except the Camaquã, discharge into one of the two arms or estuaries opening into the northern end of Lagoa dos Patos, which is called the Guaíba River, though in reality it is not a river. The Guaíba River is a waterway in Rio Grande do Sul, a state of southern Brazil. The Guaíba River is broad, comparatively deep and about 35 miles (56 km) long, and with the rivers discharging into it affords upwards of 200 miles (320 km) of fluvial navigation. The Jacuí is one of the most important rivers of the state, rising in the ranges of the Coxilha (Cuchilla) Grande of the north and flowing south and southeast to the Guaíba estuary, with a course of nearly 300 miles (480 km) It has two large tributaries, the Vacacaí from the south and the Taquari from the north, and many small streams. The Jaguarão, which forms part of the boundary line with Uruguay, is navigable 26 miles (42 km) up to and beyond the town of Jaguarão. Jaguarão is a town in the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul located on the shores of the Jaguarão River bordering Uruguay.

In addition to the Lagoa dos Patos and Lagoa Mirim there are a number of small lakes on the sandy, swampy peninsulas that lie between the coast and these two, and there are others of a similar character along the northern coast. The largest lake is the Lagoa dos Patos (Lake of the Patos - an Indian tribe inhabiting its shores at the time of European discovery), which lies parallel with the coastline, northeast and southwest, and is about 133 miles (214 km) long exclusive of the two arms at its northern end, 25 and 35 miles (56 km) long respectively, and of its outlet, the Rio Grande, about 24 miles (39 km) long. Its width varies from 22 to 36 miles (58 km). The lake is comparatively shallow and filled with sand banks, making its navigable channels tortuous and difficult. The Lagoa Mirim occupies a similar position farther south, on the Uruguayan border, and is about 108 miles (174 km) long by 6 to 22 miles (35 km) wide. It is more irregular in outline and discharges into Lagoa dos Patos through a navigable channel known as the São Gonçalo Channel. The São Gonçalo Channel is a navigable channel connecting two large coastal lagoons Lagoa Mirim and Lagoa dos Patos, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul

A part of the lake lies in Uruguayan territory, but its navigation, as determined by treaty, belongs exclusively to Brazil. Both of these lakes are evidently the remains of an ancient depression in the coastline shut in by sand beaches built up by the combined action of wind and current. They are of the same level as the ocean, but their waters are affected by the tides and are brackish only a short distance above the Rio Grande outlet.

Fully one-third of the state belongs to the La Plata drainage basin. Of the many streams flowing northward and westward to the Uruguay, the largest are the Ijuí of the plateau region, the Ibicuí, which has its source near Santa Maria in the central part of the state and flows westward to the Uruguay a short distance above Uruguaiana, and the Quaraí River which forms part of the boundary line with Uruguay. The Ibicuí River ( Ibicuí means ground of sand in the Tupi-Guarani language is a river in Rio Grande do Sul state of southern Brazil. Uruguaiana is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The Quaraí or Cuareim River ( Portuguese Rio Quaraí, Spanish Río Cuareim) is a Tributary of the Uruguay River The Uruguay River itself is formed by the confluence of the Canoas and Pelotas rivers. The Canoas River is a river in Santa Catarina state of southern Brazil. This article is about a river in southern Brazil. You may be looking for the city named Pelotas. The Pelotas, which has its source in the Serra do Mar on the Atlantic coast, and the Uruguay River forms the northern and western boundary line of the state down to the mouth of the Quaraí, on the Uruguayan frontier. Serra do Mar ( Portuguese for Mountain Range of the Sea) is a 1500 km long system of Mountain ranges and Escarpments in Southeastern Brazil

Climate

Rio Grande lies within the south temperate zone and has a subtropical climate (or temperate). The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of There are four relatively well-marked seasons and rainfall is well distributed throughout the year, but occasional droughts can occur. The winter months, June to September, are characterized by heavy rains and by cold southerly winds, called minuanos, which sometimes lower the temperature to freezing point, especially in the mountainous municipalities, where snowfalls can occur. In summer, the temperature rises to 30°C (86°F). Cases of sunstroke are not rare.

Ecoregions

Several ecoregions cover portions of the state. An ecoregion ( ecological region) sometimes called a bioregion, is an ecologically and geographically defined area smaller than a "realm" or " In the northeastern corner of the state, between the Serra do Mar/Serra Geral and the Atlantic, lies the southern extension of the Serra do Mar coastal forests, a belt of evergreen tropical moist forests that extend north along the coastal strip as far as Rio de Janeiro state. Serra do Mar ( Portuguese for Mountain Range of the Sea) is a 1500 km long system of Mountain ranges and Escarpments in Southeastern Brazil Biome Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Realm Neotropical WWF ID NT0160 Size 104800 Rio de Janeiro ( pron ˈhiu dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu) is one of the 26 states of Brazil. The high plateau behind the Serra do Mar is occupied by the Araucaria moist forests, a subtropical forests characterized by evergreen, laurel-leaved forests interspersed with emergent Brazilian Pines (Araucaria angustifolia). The Araucaria moist forests are a subtropical moist forest ecoregion of southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina. "Candelabra Tree" redirects here The Spurge Euphorbia ingens (naboom is also sometimes called thus The Paraná-Paraíba interior forests lie on the lower slopes of the plateau south and east of the Araucaria forests, including much of the lower basin of the Jacuí and its tributaries. The Paraná-Paraíba interior forests, also known as the Alto Paraná Atlantic forests, is a tropical moist forest ecoregion of southern Brazil These forests are semi-deciduous, with many trees losing their leaves in the summer dry season. The Atlantic Coast restingas, distinctive forests which grow on nutrient-poor coastal dunes, extend along the coast, as far as the Uruguayan border. Atlantic Coast restingas are an Ecoregion of Brazil, part of the Atlantic Forest region

The southern and eastern portion of the state is covered by the Uruguayan savanna or Pampa, which extends south into Uruguay. The Uruguayan savanna, also known as the Brazilian-Uruguayan savanna, is a subtropical grassland and savanna ecoregion which includes all of Uruguay Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America

History

Despite being mainly rural for much of its early history, Rio Grande do Sul's prairies have been the scene of bloody wars: the dispute between Portugal and Spain for the Sacramento Colony, and the Guarani Missions War. Colonia del Sacramento (formerly the Portuguese Colônia do Sacramento) is a City in southwestern Uruguay, by the Río de la Plata, facing It also was a focal point for internal rebellion in the 19th century.

In 1835 a separatist movement broke out in the province and lasted ten years. The War of Tatters was eventually ended more through the use of money and favors than by force of arms; but the province suffered greatly in the struggle and did not recover for many years. War of the Farrapos or Farroupilha Revolution (in Portuguese: Guerra dos Farrapos, Revolução Farroupilha) was a Republican uprising It is of interest that Giuseppe Garibaldi joined the separatists for a while before he returned to Europe and eventually became a hero in his native Italy. Garibaldi redirects here for other meanings see Garibaldi (disambiguation. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest

In 1865 a Paraguayan army invaded the state and on 5 August occupied the town of Uruguaiana. Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only Uruguaiana is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. In the following year in September, however, the Paraguayan General Estigarribia surrendered without a fight — an unusual occurrence in the War of the Triple Alliance. The War of the Triple Alliance, also known as the Paraguayan War, and the Great War in Paraguay itself was fought from 1864 to 1870 and caused more deaths than any

Political agitation was frequent in Rio Grande do Sul, but no important revolution occurred after the Ponche Verde Treaty in 1845 until the presidency at Rio de Janeiro of General Floriano Peixoto, whose ill-considered interference with state governments led to the revolt of 1892-94, under Gumersindo Saraiva. Floriano Vieira Peixoto ( April 30, 1839, Maceió, Brazil &mdash July 29, 1895, Rio de Janeiro) pron

In this struggle the revolutionaries occupied Santa Catarina and Paraná, capturing Curitiba, but were eventually overthrown through their inability to obtain munitions of war. Curitiba (pron kuɾi'tibɐ or kuɾi'tʃibɐ is the capital City of the Brazilian state of Paraná. An incident in this struggle was the death of Admiral Saldanha da Gama, one of the most brilliant officers of the Brazilian navy and one of the chiefs of the naval revolt of 1893-94, who was killed in a skirmish on the Uruguayan border towards the end of the conflict.

In 1738 the territory (which included the present state of Santa Catarina) became the Capitania d'el Rei and was made a dependency of Rio de Janeiro. Territorial disputes between Spain and Portugal led to the occupation by the Spanish of the town of Rio Grande (then the capital of the capitania) and neighbouring districts from 1763 to 1776, when they reverted to the Portuguese. Rio Grande (lit "Large River" is the oldest city in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul and also the former state capital from 1835 to 1845 The capture of Rio Grande in 1763 caused the removal of the seat of government to Viamão at the head of Lagoa dos Patos; in 1773 Porto dos Cazaes, renamed Porto Alegre, became the capital. Viamão is a city in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In size it is the largest municipality in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre and the seventh Porto Alegre ( is the 10th largest city in Brazil, and the capital city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. In 1801 news of war between Spain and Portugal led the inhabitants of Rio Grande to attack and capture the seven missions and some frontier posts held by the Spaniards since 1763; since 1801 the boundary lines established by treaty in 1777 have remained unchanged.

The districts of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande had been separated in 1760 for military convenience, and in 1807 the latter was elevated to the category of a capitania-geral, with the designation of "Sao Pedro do Rio Grande," independent of Rio de Janeiro, and with Santa Catarina as a dependency. In 1812 Rio Grande and Santa Catarina were organized into two distinct comarcas, the latter becoming an independent province in 1822 when the Empire of Brazil was organized. A comarca (meaning Shire or County, Spanish and Portuguese plural comarcas, Catalan plural The Empire of Brazil was a political entity that comprised present-day Brazil under the rule of Emperors Pedro I and his son Pedro II.

In the far western area of the state are the remnants of Brazil's 17th century Jesuit missions or reductions (aldeias) to the Guaraní Indians. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Important to the region, it should be noted that Jesuit Father Roque Gonzales, also known as Roque Gonzales de Santa Cruz, who arrived from Paraguay on the 3rd of May of 1626 to establish the Saint Nicolas mission (today known as São Nicolau), was the first white person to enter in what is today know as the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Father Roque González de Santa Cruz SJ was born in Asunción, Paraguay on 17 November 1576. Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only Of all the ruins left behind by the vanished Guarani Missions, the most significant one is São Miguel or São Miguel Arcanjo, located nearby the present city of Santo Ângelo. São Miguel das Missões ( Portuguese for St Michael of the Missions) is a Unesco World Heritage site located in the small town of São Miguel das Missões ( Portuguese for St Michael of the Missions) is a Unesco World Heritage site located in the small town of Santo Ângelo is a city located in northwestern Rio Grande do Sul state Brazil. There is an ongoing Light and Sound (or Som e Luz in Portuguese) show presented at the ruins of the São Miguel church. Originally part of Uruguayan territory, it was lost in the Uruguayan struggle for independence. Uruguay could have lost all of the Rio Grande do Sul area if not for the help of Argentina, which wanted to defeat Brazil. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics.

Getulio Vargas, who led Brazil as dictator from 1930 and later was elected president in 1950, was a native of Rio Grande do Sul. Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (ʒeˈtulju doɾˈnɛlis vaɾgɐs April 19, 1882 – August 24, 1954) served as president of |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld

In the 1980s the Pampa Independence Movement was created with the goal of restoring the independence of the former Riograndense Republic. The Riograndense Republic, often called Piratini Republic ( Portuguese: República Rio-Grandense or República do Piratini) was a Separatist

Demographics

According to the IBGE of 2007, there were 10,984,000 people residing in the state. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Gehjgygmmliografia e Estatística is the agency responsible for Statistical The population density was 38. 9 inh. /km².

Urbanization: 80. Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing 8% (2004); Population growth: 1. Population growth is the change in Population over time and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals in a population using "per unit time" for 2% (1991-2000); Houses: 3,464,544 (2005). House generally refers to a Shelter or Building that is a Dwelling or place for Habitation by Human beings. ^[3]

The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed the following numbers: 8,973,928 White (81. According to the 2006 census White Brazilians make up 497% of Brazil's population or around 93 million people 7%), 1,405,952 Brown people (12. In Brazil, the Pardos are a mixture of Whites Blacks and Amerindians, varying from light to dark complexion as used by the Brazilian Institute 8%), 560,000 Black (5. Afro-Brazilian, or Black Brazilian, is the term used to racially categorize Brazilian citizens who are black or Multiracial 1%), 43,000 Asian or Amerindian people (0. An Asian Brazilian is a Brazilian born person of Asian ancestry The Indigenous peoples in Brazil ( Portuguese: povos indígenas) comprise a large number of distinct Ethnic groups who inhabited the country prior to 4%). ^[4]

People of Portuguese ancestry predominate in the coast and southern parts of the state, mainly of Gaucho and Azorean background. Portuguese-Brazilian' (luso-brasileiro is a Portuguese born citizen with Brazilian citizenship or a Brazilian born citizen of Portuguese Gaucho ( gaúcho in Portuguese, "gaucho" in Spanish) is a term commonly used to describe residents of the South American Pampas The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west People of German descent predominate in the Sinos Valley (Novo Hamburgo, São Leopoldo, etc) and in parts of the centre and western regions. A German Brazilian ( German: Deutschbrasilianer, Portuguese: teuto-brasileiro or germano-brasileiro) is a Brazilian Novo Hamburgo is a city in the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. São Leopoldo is an important Brazilian industrial city located in the south state of Rio Grande do Sul. People of Italian descent predominate in the mountains (Serra Gaúcha, Caxias do Sul, Bento Gonçalves, etc) and in parts of the centre and western regions. An Italian Brazilian ( Italian: Ítalo-Brasiliano, Portuguese: Ítalo-Brasileiro) is a Brazilian citizen of full or partial Italian The Serra Gaúcha, The Gaucho Highlands, is the mountainous region in the northeastern portion of Rio Grande do Sul state in southern Brazil. Caxias do Sul is a city in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, situated in the state's mountainous Serra Gaúcha region Bento Gonçalves ( pron. bẽtu gõsalves is a town located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. There are sizeable communities of Poles and Ukrainians across the state. A Polish Brazilian is a Brazilian born person of Polish descent or a Polish -born person with Brazilian citizenship Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens ^[5]

People of African ancestry are concentrated in the capital city. Afro-Brazilian, or Black Brazilian, is the term used to racially categorize Brazilian citizens who are black or Multiracial The southern part of the state has a sizeable population of Amerindian features. The Indigenous peoples in Brazil ( Portuguese: povos indígenas) comprise a large number of distinct Ethnic groups who inhabited the country prior to

The region what is now Rio Grande do Sul was originally settled by Amerindian peoples, mostly Guaraní and Kaingangs. The Indigenous peoples in Brazil ( Portuguese: povos indígenas) comprise a large number of distinct Ethnic groups who inhabited the country prior to Guaraní are a group of culturally related indigenous peoples of South America, distinguished from the related Tupi by their use of the Guaraní language The Kaingang (Cainguangues people are a Native American Ethnic group spread out over the four southern Brazilian states of São Paulo, Paraná ^[6] European settlement started in 1627 with Spanish Jesuits. Spanish-Brazilian ( Spanish: hispanobrasileño, Portuguese: hispano-brasileiro) is a Brazilian person of full partial or predominantly The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Portuguese Jesuits established Indian Reductions in 1687 and dominated the region. Portuguese-Brazilian' (luso-brasileiro is a Portuguese born citizen with Brazilian citizenship or a Brazilian born citizen of Portuguese Reductions (known as Reducciones de Indios, or simply Reducciones in Spanish; also Congregacíones) were settlements Most of the Indians of the region became Catholics and went to live among the Jesuits. Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". These reductions were destroyed by the Bandeirantes from São Paulo in the 18th century, who wanted to enslave the Indians. The Bandeirantes were Portuguese colonial Scouts who took part in the Bandeiras exploration expeditions São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world The Portuguese settlement in Rio Grande do Sul was largely increased between 1748 and 1756, with the arrival of two thousand immigrants from the Azores Islands, Portugal. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950  mi) from Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. They settled many parts of the state, including the nowadays capital, Porto Alegre. Porto Alegre ( is the 10th largest city in Brazil, and the capital city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Blacks were 50 percent of Rio Grande do Sul's population in 1822. Afro-Brazilian, or Black Brazilian, is the term used to racially categorize Brazilian citizens who are black or Multiracial This proportion decreased to 25 percent in 1858 and to only 5. 2 percent in 2005. Most of them were brought from Angola to work as slaves in the cattle farms. Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family A farm is an area of land including various structures devoted primarily to the practice of producing and managing food ( Produce, Grains, or Livestock Nowadays, the black community is mostly concentrated in the Porto Alegre region. ^[7]

German immigrants first arrived to Southern Brazil in 1824. A German Brazilian ( German: Deutschbrasilianer, Portuguese: teuto-brasileiro or germano-brasileiro) is a Brazilian They were attracted to Brazil to protect the country from invasions of the neighboring countries and to populate the empty interior of the southern region. The first city to be settled by them was São Leopoldo. São Leopoldo is an important Brazilian industrial city located in the south state of Rio Grande do Sul. In the next five decades, around 28 thousand Germans were brought to the region to work as small farmers in the countryside. ^[8]

Italian immigrants started arriving in Rio Grande do Sul in 1875. An Italian Brazilian ( Italian: Ítalo-Brasiliano, Portuguese: Ítalo-Brasileiro) is a Brazilian citizen of full or partial Italian They were mostly poor peasants from Veneto, Northern Italy, who were attracted to Southern Brazil to get their own farms. Veneto or Venetia ( Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Related categories Central Italy Southern Italy Insular Italy Northeast Italy Italian immigration to the region lasted until 1914, with a total of 100 thousand Italians settling there in this period. Most of the immigrants worked as small farmers, mainly cultivating grapes in the Serra Gaúcha part of the state. For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is The Serra Gaúcha, The Gaucho Highlands, is the mountainous region in the northeastern portion of Rio Grande do Sul state in southern Brazil. ^[9]

Other European immigrants also migrated to Rio Grande do Sul, mostly coming from Eastern Europe (Poland, Ukraine and Russia). Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending

Economy

The industrial sector is the largest component of GDP at 42. 6%, followed by the service sector at 41. 1%. Agriculture represents 16. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture 3% of GDP (2004). Rio Grande do Sul exports: footweares 18. Footwear consists of Garments worn on the feet, for protection against the environment and Adornment. 1%, soybean 14. 2%, tobacco 13. Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. 6%, vehicles 8. Vehicles, derived from the Latin word vehiculum, are non-living Means of transport. 1%, frozen meat 7. In modern English usage meat most often refers to Animal tissue used as food mostly Skeletal muscle and associated Fat, but it may also refer 2%, chemicals 6. A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. 8%, leather 5. Leather is a material created through the Tanning of hides and Skins of Animals primarily Cattlehide The Tanning process 3% (2002).

Share of the Brazilian economy: 6. 7% (2005).

One of the most prosperous Brazilian states, Rio Grande do Sul is known especially for grain production, viticulture, ranching, and for its considerable industrial output. Viticulture (from the Latin word for Vine) is the Science, production and study of Grapes which deals with the series of A ranch is an area of landscape including various structures given primarily to the practice of ranching the practice of raising grazing livestock such as Cattle For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Constituting less than 6 percent of the total Brazilian population. The main products exported by Rio Grande do Sul are shoes, tobacco, automobiles, grains, beef, leather, and chemicals. A shoe is an item of Footwear. Shoes may vary from a simple Flip-flop to a complex Boot. Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Grains make up the structure of Metals Metal surfaces contain a number of small crystals known as grains with boundaries where they join Beef is the Culinary name for Meat from Bovines especially domestic Cattle (cows Leather is a material created through the Tanning of hides and Skins of Animals primarily Cattlehide The Tanning process A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. Natives of the state are known as Gaúchos, named after the cattle herders and ranchers who settled the state's pampa regions. Laguna de Gomezjpg|thumb|left|240px|Lake Gomez near Junín in the heart of the Pampas grain belt

Interesting facts

Vehicles: 3,716,440 (March/2007); Mobile phones: 7. Vehicles, derived from the Latin word vehiculum, are non-living Means of transport. 7 million (April/2007); Telephones: 2. Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information 6 million (April/2007); Cities: 496 (2007). A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status ^[10]

Education

Portuguese is the official national language, and is the primary language taught in schools. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution

Educational institutions

• Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) (Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul);
• Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS) (State University of Rio Grande do Sul);
• Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) (Foundation Federal University of Rio Grande);
• Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA);
• Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) (Federal University of Pelotas);
• Universidade Católica de Pelotas (UCPel) (Catholic University of Pelotas);
• Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) (Federal University of Santa Maria);
• Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) (Federal University of Pampa);
• Universidade da Região da Campanha (Urcamp) (University of Campanha Region);
• Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC-RS);
• Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS) (University of Rio dos Sinos Valley);
• Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA) (Lutheran University of Brazil);
• Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC) (University of Santa Cruz do Sul);
• and many others. The Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul ( Portuguese Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS abbreviated is among the largest federal Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (in Portuguese Health Sciences Federal University of Porto Alegre, UFCSPA in shorthand The Federal University of Pelotas (or UFPEL) is a higher-learning facility with Campuses in Pelotas and Capão do Leão in Rio Grande The Catholic University of Pelotas is a private religious university located in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Federal University of Santa Maria (in Portuguese Universidade Federal de Santa Maria; UFSM) is a Brazilian Public university located The Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul ( Portuguese Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS in shorthand is Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos ( Unisinos) is a university maintained by the Antônio Vieira Association which is the legal name of the Jesuit Province in Southern The Universidade Luterana do Brasil (Lutheran University of Brazil also known as Ulbra) is a University located in the city of Canoas, in the State

Infrastructure

International airports

• Porto Alegre

With 37. 6 thousand square meters of constructed area and four levels, the passenger terminal at Porto Alegre International Airport can receive 28 large airplanes simultaneously. The terminal has 32 check-in counters, ten boarding bridges, nine elevators and ten escalators. An elevator or lift is a Transport device used to move people or goods vertically from one floor to another An escalator is a Conveyor transport device for transporting people consisting of individual linked steps that move up or down on tracks which keep the treads It has a totally automated aircraft movement control center and the main spaces are air conditioned. The apron, surfaced with prestressed concrete, can serve jumbo jets like the Boeing 747-400. Jumbo The Elephant ( 1861 - September 15, 1885) was a very large African bush elephant, born 1861 in French Sudan, imported to The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E The garage structure has eight levels, 44 thousand square meters and 1,440 parking spaces. Another terminal, with 15 thousand square meters and capacity for 1. 5 million passengers a year, serves general, executive and third-tier aviation (conventional piston-engine and turboprop planes). This article is about passengers in commercial transportation for other uses see Passenger (disambiguation A passenger is a term broadly used Porto Alegre Airport was the first one administered by Infraero to have integrated check-in. Porto Alegre ( is the 10th largest city in Brazil, and the capital city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Infraero is a Brazilian Government corporation created in 1970 and responsible for administering the main Brazilian commercial airports This service offers flexibility in use of terminal facilities and installations, enabling carriers to access their own data centers via shared-use computers from any check-in counter position. A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. Check-in is the process of announcing your arrival at a Hotel, Airport or Sea port. This makes it much easier to allocate counter space according to demand fluctuations, making for less idle space. The Aeroshopping area – a center for commerce and leisure – operates 24 hours a day with shops, services, a food court, along with a triplex cinema, the first to be established at a Brazilian airport. A service is the non-material equivalent of a good. A service provision is an economic activity that does not result in Ownership, and this is what differentiates Food is any substance usually composed primarily of Carbohydrates Fats water and/or Proteins that can be eaten or drunk by an Salgado Filho International Airport also has an air cargo terminal, built in 1974, with 9,500 thousand square meters of area and capacity to handle 1,500 tons of export cargo and 900 tons of imports each month. The average daily movement (arrivals and departures) is 174 aircraft, flying scheduled routes connecting Porto Alegre directly or indirectly to all the country’s other major cities, as well as smaller cities in the interior of the states of the South Region and São Paulo. São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world There are also international flights with direct connections to cities of the Southern Cone.

• Bagé

Kraemer International Airport opened on July 5, 1946, this airport came under Infraero administration on October 27, 1980. Bagé is a Town and a Municipality in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Infraero is a Brazilian Government corporation created in 1970 and responsible for administering the main Brazilian commercial airports It is located in the rural zone of Bagé, 60 km from the Uruguayan border and 380 km from Porto Alegre. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America Porto Alegre ( is the 10th largest city in Brazil, and the capital city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Comandante Gustavo Kraemer International Airport does not operate with scheduled commercial flights. There are two daily flights carrying bank pouches, as well as air taxi services and executive jets. A banker or bank is a Financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money An air taxi is a for-hire passenger or cargo aircraft which operates on an on-demand basis Business jet, private jet or colloquially bizjet is a term describing a Jet aircraft, usually of smaller size designed for transporting groups of Most of the airport’s users are businesspeople from the central part of Brazil who have interests in the region in breeding thoroughbred English and Arabian horses, cattle ranching, fruit growing, wine making, wood pulp and power generation. An airport is a location where Aircraft such as airplanes, Helicopters and blimps take off and land |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. A ranch is an area of landscape including various structures given primarily to the practice of ranching the practice of raising grazing livestock such as Cattle The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology.

• Uruguaiana

Located on the border with Argentina (at Paso de los Libres), Uruguaiana is considered the major inland port in Latin America, thanks to its strategic position with the countries of Mercosur. Uruguaiana is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Role and potential Some South Americans see Mercosur as giving the capability to combine resources to balance the activities of other global economic powers especially the North Rubem Berta International Airport, however, does not operate any scheduled regional flights – a situation Infraero intends to change, as was confirmed in an official visit to the airport in December 2004. Infraero is a Brazilian Government corporation created in 1970 and responsible for administering the main Brazilian commercial airports

With more than 700 thousand square meters of constructed area, it is the largest airport in the interior of the state of Rio Grande do Sul.

There are two highways, BR-290 and BR-472, running near the airport, besides a railroad line about 2,500 meters from the terminal. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Before adding any more images to this * * page please do carefully consider * * whether they would be mere decoration * * or actually improve An airport is a location where Aircraft such as airplanes, Helicopters and blimps take off and land Located 9 km from the city center, this airport is at an elevation of 78 meters and the average annual temperature is 16°C, with a good deal of variation from summer to winter.

Located 630 km from the state capital (Porto Alegre), Uruguaiana was founded on May 29, 1746, and has a current population of 126,936. Porto Alegre ( is the 10th largest city in Brazil, and the capital city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Uruguaiana is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Farming and ranching are the main economic activities of the region, which has 1,509 rural properties.

Highways

BR-101, BR-285, BR-290, BR-290.

Culture

The state of Rio Grande do Sul is renowned as one of the most culturally rich states of Brazil. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Rio Grande's music is a blend of many styles (Prata's Rhythms in the main), including the Chamamé, Milonga, Polca and Chacarera. Chamamé is a Folk music genre from the Argentine Northeast Mesopotamia (" Litoral " and in the south of Brazil. Milonga can refer to an Argentine, Uruguayan, and Southern Brazilian form of Music which preceeded the tango and the dance form which Chacarera is a folk Dance and Music originated in the northwest of Argentina and in the south of Bolivia in the 19th century The inhabitants of the state are famous in the country for drinking chimarrão, a local version of the mate drunk in neighbouring Uruguay and Argentina. Chimarrão (ʃimaˈxɐ̃ũ or cimarrón is a South American traditional Beverage. Mate or maté (\ˈmä-ˌtā\ Spanish and Portuguese: mate, ˈmate is an infusion, containing Stimulants including Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The barbecue locally known as "churrasco" is one of the most important elements of everyday life. Rio Grande do Sul's culture is far from a typical Brazilian one. Fashion plays a prominent role in Rio Grande do Sul, by far the largest provider of top models and beauty queens in Brazil - 5 of the last 10 winners of Miss Brazil were Miss Rio Grande do Sul. Alessandra Ambrosio, Gisele Bündchen, Ana Hickmann, Letícia Birkheuer are some of the international super models from Rio Grande do Sul. Alessandra Corine Ambrósio (born April 11, 1981 is a Brazilian model. Gisele Caroline Bündchen (born July 20 1980 is a Brazilian model. Ana Hickmann (born March 1, 1981 in Santa Cruz do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) is a professional Supermodel. Letícia Birkheuer (born April 25, 1978 in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) is a Brazilian fashion model The Riograndenses are assiduous readers. The state has the highest number of books read per capita in Brazil, with Latin America's largest outdoor book fair, the Porto Alegre Book Fair, taking place in Porto Alegre every year. The Porto Alegre Book Fair is a Book fair held annually between late October to mid-November in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

In commemoration of the War of Tatters, Farroupilha Week takes place between the 13th and the 20th of September every year, with music and dance shows from the Pampas region, typical foods, and a traditional parade. War of the Farrapos or Farroupilha Revolution (in Portuguese: Guerra dos Farrapos, Revolução Farroupilha) was a Republican uprising

In common with other states in Brasil, a Carnival also takes place in the run-up to Lent. Carnival is a festival season which occurs immediately before Lent; the main events are usually during February and March

Main language

As in all Brazil, Portuguese is the main spoken language. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. The Portuguese spoken in Rio Grande do Sul, however, has some peculiarities. Expressions of Spanish origin are common, due to the proximity with Argentina and Uruguay and their common Gaucho past. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America Gaucho ( gaúcho in Portuguese, "gaucho" in Spanish) is a term commonly used to describe residents of the South American Pampas Words of Indian Guarani language origin also make up the vocabulary. Guaraní /gwaraˈni/ (local name avañe'ẽ) is an indigenous language of South America that belongs to the Tupí-Guaraní subfamily of the There are influences of the German and Italian languages and dialects, specially in rural communities. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. ^[11]

Minority languages

Minority languages spoken in Rio Grande do Sul can be divided into two groups: Indigenous languages (Guarani, Caingangue, etc. A minority language is a Language spoken by a Minority of the Population of a country Guaraní /gwaraˈni/ (local name avañe'ẽ) is an indigenous language of South America that belongs to the Tupí-Guaraní subfamily of the ) and European derived Languages (German, Venetian/Italian, Riograndenser Hunsrückisch (a German dialect) and Pomeranian Low German (Low Saxon), Polish and other Slavic languages). The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken by over two million people mostly in the Veneto region of Italy. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Riograndenser Hunsrückisch ( Portuguese: hunsriqueano riograndense) is a Brazilian variation of the German dialect Hunsrückisch Low German or Low Saxon (in Germany: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch; in Netherlands: Nedersaksisch or Nederduuts Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages

The first German immigrant families arrived in Rio Grande do Sul in 1824 at the town of São Leopoldo, and within the next one hundred years an estimated quarter of a million Germans settled in Brazil, mostly in Rio Grande do Sul and the neighboring state of Santa Catarina. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. São Leopoldo is an important Brazilian industrial city located in the south state of Rio Grande do Sul. (ˈsɐ̃ta kataˈɾina is a state in southern Brazil with one of the highest standards of living in the country

Most of the German speakers in southern Brazil spoke or eventually adopted the Hunsrückisch dialect so that it became the most commonly used German dialect in this part of the world and is still spoken by millions today (also referred to as Riograndenser Hunsrückisch to differentiate it from the Hunsrückisch spoken in Germany). The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Hunsrückisch is a German Dialect spoken in the Hunsrück region of Germany ( Rhineland-Palatinate) A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Riograndenser Hunsrückisch ( Portuguese: hunsriqueano riograndense) is a Brazilian variation of the German dialect Hunsrückisch

In its 180 years of history Riograndenser Hunsrückisch has been greatly influenced by other German dialects (such as Pomeranian, Pfälzisch) and by immigrant languages such as the national language, Portuguese but also to some degree by Italian. Riograndenser Hunsrückisch ( Portuguese: hunsriqueano riograndense) is a Brazilian variation of the German dialect Hunsrückisch For the Low German dialects also called Pomeranian see Pommersch. Palatine German ( Pfälzisch / Pälzisch or Pfaelzisch / Paelzisch) is a West Franconian dialect of German which is spoken Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy.

Talian is a uniquely Brazilian variety of Italian not spoken anywhere else in the world. Talian is a Dialect of the Venetian language spoken mainly in the wine-producing area of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The emergence of Talian in Rio Grande do Sul happened because of the great variety of Italian dialects that came together into a fairly compact and specific geographical location of the state. Talian is a Dialect of the Venetian language spoken mainly in the wine-producing area of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. Talian is frequently called Vêneto because it is close to the Venetian language spoken in Italy's Veneto region. Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken by over two million people mostly in the Veneto region of Italy. Veneto or Venetia ( Vèneto) is one of the 20 regions of Italy.

Italian immigrants began arriving in the area in the late 1800s, settling mostly in the hilly Northeastern parts of Rio Grande do Sul. Soon the region became the most important grape and wine-producing region in Brazil. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Although the climate does not favor the production of the finest wines, the last few years have seen great progress in winemaking, especially with white sparkling wines.

All minority languages in southern Brazil have experienced a significant degree of decline in the last few decades, not only immigrant languages such as Italian or Talian and German, but also the indigenous languages of the Kaingang (also spelled Kaingáng, Cainguangue, etc. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Talian is a Dialect of the Venetian language spoken mainly in the wine-producing area of the state of Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Indigenous languages of the Americas (or Amerindian Languages are spoken by indigenous peoples from the southern tip of South America to Alaska and The Kaingang (Cainguangues people are a Native American Ethnic group spread out over the four southern Brazilian states of São Paulo, Paraná ) and the Guaraní. Guaraní are a group of culturally related indigenous peoples of South America, distinguished from the related Tupi by their use of the Guaraní language

Tourism and recreation

Rio Grande do Sul has a great potential for tourism palaeontological, with many palaeontological sites and museums in the geopark of paleorrota. Palaeontology redirects here For the Scientific journal, see Palaeontology (journal. A Geopark ( Portmanteau for Geological Park) is defined by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO in its UNESCO The Geopark of Paleorrota (Paleoroute in English) is located in the center of the state of the Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil There is a large area in the center of the state that belongs to the triassic. The Triassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about 251 to 199 Ma (million years ago Here lived Rhynchosaur, thecodonts, exaeretodons, Staurikosaurus, Guaibasaurus, Saturnalia tupiniquim, Sacisaurus, Unaysaurus and many others. Rhynchosaurs were a group of unusual Triassic Diapsid Reptiles related to the archosaurs. Thecodont ("socket-toothed" reptile now considered an obsolete term was formerly used to describe a diverse range of early Archosaurs that first appeared in the Exaeretodon is a Genus of traversodontid Cynodont; several species are known from various formations. Staurikosaurus (" Lizard of the Southern Cross" is a Genus of early Dinosaur from the Late Triassic of Brazil Guaibasaurus (meaning "Guaiba lizard" was a basal Saurischian Dinosaur Genus which lived during the Triassic period Saturnalia is a Genus of very early Saurischian Dinosaur, from the Carnian Faunal stage of the late Triassic Sacisaurus, from the Portuguese sacissauro, is a Genus of dinosauriform (a relative to basal Dinosaurs Unaysaurus is a Genus of sauropodomorph Dinosaur, and is one of the oldest dinosaurs known Paleorrota is in Santa Maria Formation and Caturrita Formation. The Geopark of Paleorrota (Paleoroute in English) is located in the center of the state of the Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil The Santa Maria Formation is a Sedimentary rock formation found in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The Caturrita Formation is a Sedimentary rock formation found in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Ecotourism is very popular in the Germanesque cities of Gramado and Canela; their cold weather is among their attractions for internal tourism. Ecotourism, also known as ecological tourism, is a form of Tourism that appeals to ecologically and socially conscious individuals Gramado is a municipality and small touristic town southeast of Caxias do Sul and east of Nova Petrópolis in the southern Brazilian state of Canela, meaning Cinnamon in Portuguese is a town located in the Serra Gaúcha of Rio Grande Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Tourism is also high in the wine regions of the state, principally Caxias do Sul and Bento Gonçalves. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Caxias do Sul is a city in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, situated in the state's mountainous Serra Gaúcha region Bento Gonçalves ( pron. bẽtu gõsalves is a town located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The pampas of the native Brazilian gaúcho are both a national and international curiosity to tourists and their customs are alive in the capital city of Porto Alegre as well as in the cities of the "interior" or western Rio Grande do Sul such as Santa Maria and Passo Fundo. Gaucho ( gaúcho in Portuguese, "gaucho" in Spanish) is a term commonly used to describe residents of the South American Pampas Porto Alegre ( is the 10th largest city in Brazil, and the capital city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Santa Maria is a Municipality in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. Passo Fundo is a City in the North of the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The state is also home to the historic São Miguel das Missões, the ruins of an 18th century Jesuit Mission. São Miguel das Missões ( Portuguese for St Michael of the Missions) is a Unesco World Heritage site located in the small town of In the city of Nova Prata, in way the native bush, you find a park thematic, with sources that gush out thermal waters in a temperature of 41°C, which possess excellent medicinal properties and therapeutical. Nova Prata is a city in Rio Grande do Sul, south Brazil, situated in the state's mountainous Serra Gaúcha region The state of Rio Grande do Sul and its cities have developed a series scenic routes to appeal to tourists. The Rota Romântica is a popular scenic drive that exhibits the diverse Germanic culture of the mountainous regions of the state referred to as the Serra Gaúcha. The Rota Romântica, Portuguese for the "Romantic Route" is a scenic tourist route that runs through 13 municipalities located in the mountainous Serra Gaúcha The Serra Gaúcha, The Gaucho Highlands, is the mountainous region in the northeastern portion of Rio Grande do Sul state in southern Brazil. One can visit the state's Italian settlements through Caminhos da Colônia, tour the wine country through the Rota da Uva e do Vinho and visit a subsection of the Rota Romântica called the Região das Hortênsias, the region filled with beautiful blue hydrangea flowers each spring. Caminhos da Colônia, Portuguese for "Pathways of the Colony" is a scenic tourist route of four settlements in the Serra Gaúcha in the state of The Região das Hortênsias, in English " Hydrangea Flower Region" is a tourist destination in the Serra Gaúcha region of the state of

Sports

Porto Alegre is one of the 18 remaining candidates to host games of the 2014 FIFA World Cup, for which Brazil is the only South American bidder. Porto Alegre ( is the 10th largest city in Brazil, and the capital city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The 2014 FIFA World Cup will be the 20th FIFA World Cup, the quadrennial international football world championship |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a

Main towns

Porto Alegre (the state's capital city), Caxias do Sul, Pelotas, Canoas, Santa Maria, São Leopoldo, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande, Passo Fundo, Osório, Santa Cruz do Sul, Erechim, Gravataí, Bento Gonçalves, Nova Prata, Uruguaiana, Livramento, Gramado, Igrejinha, Nova Petropolis, Canela and Bagé. Porto Alegre ( is the 10th largest city in Brazil, and the capital city of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Caxias do Sul is a city in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, situated in the state's mountainous Serra Gaúcha region Pelotas is a Brazilian city the third most populous in the southern state of Rio Grande do Sul. Canoas, which won city status in 1939 is the fourth largest city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Santa Maria is a Municipality in the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil. São Leopoldo is an important Brazilian industrial city located in the south state of Rio Grande do Sul. Novo Hamburgo is a city in the southernmost Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Rio Grande (lit "Large River" is the oldest city in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul and also the former state capital from 1835 to 1845 Passo Fundo is a City in the North of the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. For the Salvadoran president see Oscar Osorio. For the colonial governor of Chile see Mariano Osorio. Santa Cruz do Sul ( is a city in central Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Erechim is a city in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It is located at around. Gravataí ( Tupi-guarani: gravatá, a kind of flower common in the region y, river Bento Gonçalves ( pron. bẽtu gõsalves is a town located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Nova Prata is a city in Rio Grande do Sul, south Brazil, situated in the state's mountainous Serra Gaúcha region Uruguaiana is a municipality in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Overview Santana do Livramento is a city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Gramado is a municipality and small touristic town southeast of Caxias do Sul and east of Nova Petrópolis in the southern Brazilian state of Igrejinha is a town located in the Serra Gaúcha of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Nova Petrópolis is a Municipality in the Southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Canela, meaning Cinnamon in Portuguese is a town located in the Serra Gaúcha of Rio Grande Bagé is a Town and a Municipality in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

See also:

• List of towns in Rio Grande do Sul
• List of towns in Rio Grande do Sul by population

Same sex civil union

The only Brazilian state to have done so as of 2007, Rio Grande do Sul legalised civil unions after a court decision in February 2005. This is a list of the municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS, Brazil. Largest cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil by population in descending order ^[12] Same-sex couples in committed relationships can register at any notary public office. It does not affect federal rights but it gives same-sex couples more equality in many areas e. g. an alien gay partner may now receive immigration papers based on the relationship. Same-sex couples who register have the right to jointly own property, establish custody of children, and claim the right to pensions and property when one partner dies.

References

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

See also

• (English) Brazil
• (Portuguese) Official Website
• (English) Brazilian Tourism Portal

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