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Rifabutin
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| (9S,12E,14S,15R,16S,17R,18R,19R,20S, 21S,22E,24Z)-6,16,18,20-tetrahydroxy-1'- isobutyl-14-methoxy-7,9,15,17,19,21,25- hepta-methyl-spiro[9,4-(epoxypentadeca [1,11,13]trienimino)-2H-furo-[2',3':7,8]-naphth [1,2-d]imidazol-2,4'-piperidin]-5,10,26-(3H,9H)- trione-16-acetate |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | J04 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C46H62N4O11 |
| Mol. mass | 847. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs It is controlled by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component The DrugBank database available at the University of Alberta is a unique Bioinformatics and Cheminformatics resource that combines detailed drug (i A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the The molecular mass (abbreviated m of a substance, more commonly referred to as molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the Mass of one 005 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | 85% |
| Protein binding | 85% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Half life | 28 to 62 hours (mean) |
| Excretion | Renal and fecal |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. | |
| Legal status |
POM (UK), ℞-only (U. For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. The mole (symbol mol) is a unit of Amount of substance: it is an SI base unit, and almost the only unit to be used to measure this In Pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered Dose of unchanged drug that reaches the Systemic circulation, one of A drug's efficiency may be affected by the degree to which it binds to the proteins within Blood plasma. Drug metabolism is the Metabolism of drugs, their Biochemical modification or degradation usually through specialized enzymatic systems The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals The biological half-life of a substance is the time it takes for a substance (drug radioactive nuclide or other to lose half of its pharmacologic physiologic or radiologic activity The hour (symbol h) is a unit of Time. It is not an SI unit but is accepted for use with the SI Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of Metabolism and other non-useful materials The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical if it is used as directed by the mother during For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction A prescription drug is a licensed medicine that is regulated by legislation to require a prescription before it can be obtained The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located S. ) |
| Routes | Oral |
Rifabutin is a bactericidal antibiotic drug primarily used in the treatment of tuberculosis. In Pharmacology and Toxicology, a route A bactericide or bacteriocide is a substance that kills bacteria and preferably nothing else In modern usage an antibiotic is a Chemotherapeutic agent with activity against Microorganisms such as Bacteria, fungi or Protozoa Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common The drug is a semi-synthetic derivative of rifamycin S. The rifamycins are a group of Antibiotics which are synthesized either naturally by the bacterium Amycolatopsis mediterranei, or artificially Its effect is based on blocking the DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase of the bacteria. It is effective against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria, but also against the highly resistant Mycobacteria, e. Gram-positive bacteria are those that are stained dark blue or violet by Gram staining. Gram-negative bacteria are those Bacteria that do not retain Crystal violet dye in the Gram staining protocol Mycobacterium is a Genus of Actinobacteria, given its own family the Mycobacteriaceae g. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae and M. avium intracellulare. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the Bacterium that causes most cases of Tuberculosis. Mycobacterium leprae, also known as Hansen’s bacillus, mostly found in warm tropical countries is the Bacterium that causes Leprosy (Hansen's Mycobacterium avium intracellulare is an atypical Mycobacterial Infection which can occur in the later stages of AIDS.
Contents |
History
Scientists at the Italian drug company Achifar discovered rifabutin in 1975. Eventually Archifar became part of Farmitalia Carlo Erba, a unit of the conglomerate Montedison. This company's Adria Laboratories subsidiary filed for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of rifabutin under the brand name Mycobutin in the early 1990s. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 The drug gained FDA approval in December 1992. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)
Other indications
Rifabutin is used in the treatment of mycobacterium avium complex disease, a bacterial infection most commonly encountered in late-stage AIDS patients. Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC is a group of Genetically -related Bacteria belonging to the genus Mycobacterium.
Rifabutin is well tolerated in patients with HIV-related tuberculosis (TB), but patients with low CD4 cell counts have a high risk of treatment failure or relapse due to acquired rifamycin resistance, a new study found.
Since patients co-infected with TB and HIV / AIDS are likely to get TB treated first, doctors and patients should be aware of a possible rifamycin resistance issue, if the CD4 is so suppressed at the time TB treatment is to begin.
Supply
Rifabutin is now sold in the U. S. market by Pfizer. Pfizer Incorporated ( is a major Pharmaceutical company, which ranks number one in the world in sales
External links
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