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Rideau Canal*
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Locks in summer.
State Party Flag of Canada Canada
Type Cultural
Criteria i, iv
Reference 1221
Region† Europe and North America
Inscription history
Inscription 2007  (31st Session)
* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List.
† Region as classified by UNESCO.

The Rideau Canal, also known as the Rideau Waterway, connects the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada on the Ottawa River to the city of Kingston, Ontario on Lake Ontario. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex As of 2008 there are a total of 878 World Heritage Sites located in 145 "State Parties" Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex This is a list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in North America, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page This is about the river in Canada For other uses see Ottawa River (disambiguation. Kingston Ontario is a Canadian city located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. The canal was opened in 1832 and is still in use today, with most of its original structures intact. Canals are artificial channels for water There are two types of canals water conveyance canals which are used for the conveyance and delivery of water and Waterways Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian [1] The canal system uses sections of major rivers, including the Rideau and the Cataraqui, as well as some lakes. The Rideau River is a Canadian River which flows north from Upper Rideau Lake and empties into the Ottawa River at Rideau Falls The Cataraqui River (pronounced "ka-tah-RAH-kway" forms the lower portion of the Rideau Canal and drains into Lake Ontario at Kingston Ontario It is the oldest continuously operated canal system in North America, and in 2007, it was registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex [2]

Contents

History

The construction of the Rideau Canal was proposed shortly after the War of 1812, when there remained a persistent threat of attack by the United States on the British colony of Upper Canada. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Province of Upper Canada (French Province du Haut-Canada) was a British colony located in what is now the southern portion of the Province of Ontario In this period, the British built a number of other canals (Grenville, Chute-à-Blondeau and Carillon), as well as a number of forts (Citadel Hill, La Citadelle, and Fort Henry) to impede and deter any future American invasions of Canadian territory. Grenville-sur-la-Rouge is a municipality in the Argenteuil Regional County Municipality Quebec, Canada Citadel Hill is a term usually applied to a hilltop military stronghold The Citadelle —the French name is used both in English and French—is a military installation and official residence located atop Cap Diamant, adjoining the Plains of Fort Henry (also known as Fort Henry National Historic Site) is located in Kingston, Ontario, Canada on Point Henry a strategic point located

The initial purpose of the Rideau Canal was military, as it was intended to provide a secure supply and communications route between Montreal and the British naval base in Kingston, Ontario. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Kingston Ontario is a Canadian city located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St Westward from Montreal, travel would proceed along the Ottawa River to Bytown (now Ottawa), then southwest via the canal to Kingston and out into Lake Ontario (and vice versa for eastward travel from Kingston to Montreal). This is about the river in Canada For other uses see Ottawa River (disambiguation. Bytown is the former name of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada's capital city Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. The objective was to bypass the stretch of the St. Lawrence River bordering New York State, a route which would have left British supply ships vulnerable to attack or a blockade of the St. Saint Lawrence River (in French: fleuve Saint-Laurent; Kahnawáˀkye in Tuscarora, Kaniatarowanenneh meaning big waterway New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Lawrence.

An engraving of the Rideau Canal locks at Bytown
An engraving of the Rideau Canal locks at Bytown

The construction of the canal was supervised by Lieutenant-Colonel John By of the Royal Engineers. Lieutenant-Colonel John By (probably 7 August 1779 &ndash 1 February 1836) was an English military engineer best remembered for The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually just called the Royal Engineers ( RE) and commonly known as the Sappers, is one of the corps Private contractors such as future sugar refining entrepreneur John Redpath, Thomas McKay, Robert Drummond, Thomas Phillips, Andrew White[3] and others were responsible for much of the construction, and the majority of the actual work was done by thousands of Irish and French-Canadian labourers. John Redpath (1796 &ndash March 5, 1869) was a Scots-Quebecer businessman and philanthropist who helped pioneer the industrial movement that made Thomas McKay ( September 1, 1792 – October 9, 1855) was a Canadian businessman who was one of the founders of the city of Ottawa Ontario Robert Drummond (1791 &ndash August 20 1834) was a businessman in Upper Canada. The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate

The canal was completed in 1832. The final cost of its construction was £822,000. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency Given the unexpected cost overruns, By was recalled to London and questioned by a parliamentary committee before being cleared of any wrongdoing. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.

Once the canal was constructed, no further military engagements took place between Canada and the United States. Although the Rideau Canal never had to be used as a military supply route, it played a pivotal role in the early development of Canada. Prior to the locks being completed on the St. Lawrence in the late 1840s, the Rideau served as the main travel route for immigrants heading westward into Upper Canada, and for heavy goods (timber, minerals, grain) from Canada's hinterland heading east to Montreal. Tens of thousands of British immigrants travelled the Rideau in this period. Hundreds of barge loads of goods were shipped each year along the Rideau, allowing Montreal to compete commercially, in the 1830s and 40s, with New York (which had the Erie Canal), as a major North American export port.

Construction Deaths

As many as a thousand of the workers died from malaria[4], other diseases and accidents during blasting. Malaria is a vector -borne Infectious disease caused by Protozoan Parasites It is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions including Quinine to prevent malaria was not provided to the bulk of the labourers, and was only provided to skilled workers such as army engineers[5]. Quinine (ˈkwaɪnaɪn kwɪˈniːn ˈkwiːniːn is a natural white Crystalline Alkaloid having Antipyretic (fever-reducing antimalarial, Some of the dead remain unidentified as they had no known relatives in Upper Canada and were buried in unmarked mass graves in locations such as Jones Falls, Brewers Mills and Kingston Mills. The Jones Falls is a stream in Maryland. It is impounded to create Lake Roland, before running through the city of Baltimore, and finally emptying Memorials to the fallen labourers have been erected along the canal route, most recently the Celtic Cross memorial in Ottawa and in Kingston. The Rideau Canal Celtic Cross is a memorial in Ottawa, Canada, erected to commemorate the workers and their families that died building the Rideau Canal [6] The first monument anywhere along the length of the Rideau Canal acknowledging the huge number of deaths among the labour force was erected in May 2000 by the Kingston Irish Folk Club, Tir na Nog (an Irish pub), Kingston Brewing Company and Ontario Public Service Employee Union. It was a Memorial Drinking Water Fountain erected in Confederation Basin (across from Kingston City Hall).

The waterway

The Rideau Canal in front of Carleton University on Colonel By Drive in Ottawa
The Rideau Canal in front of Carleton University on Colonel By Drive in Ottawa

The 202 kilometres (125 miles) of the Rideau Canal incorporate sections of the Rideau and Cataraqui rivers, as well as several lakes, including the Lower, Upper and Big Rideau lakes. This article is about the university in Ottawa Ontario Canada Colonel By Drive is a scenic Parkway in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The Big Rideau Lake is a Lake in Eastern Ontario, Canada. The lake is located 72 kilometres (45 miles to the southwest of Ottawa, Ontario is About 19 kilometres (12 miles) of the route is man-made. Communities along the waterway include Ottawa, Smiths Falls, Merrickville, Westport, Battersea and Kingston. Smiths Falls (2001 population 9977 is a Town in Ontario, Canada. Merrickville-Wolford ( Canada 2006 Census population 2867 is a Village -status municipality in Eastern Ontario, Canada, located in Westport is a village in Eastern Ontario, Canada. It lies at the west end of Upper Rideau Lake, at the head of the navigable Rideau Canal Battersea is a community in the Canadian province of Ontario, located in the township of South Frontenac 20 kilometres north of Kingston

Today, only pleasure craft make use of the Rideau Canal. Boat tours of the canal are offered in the city of Ottawa and recreational boaters can make use of it to travel between Ottawa and Kingston with ease. Most of the locks are still hand-operated. A lock is a device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal Waterways. There are a total of 47 locks at 24 stations along the Canal.

In normal operations the canal can handle boats up to 27. 4m (90ft) in length, 7. 9m (26ft) in width, and 6. 7m (22ft) in height. In special circumstances a boat up to 33. 5m (110ft) in length by 9. 1m (30ft) in width can be handled.

The Skateway

A hockey game on the canal on Christmas Day, 1901
A hockey game on the canal on Christmas Day, 1901
A portion of the world's largest skating rink
A portion of the world's largest skating rink

In winter, a section of the Rideau Canal passing through central Ottawa becomes officially the world's largest skating rink. [7] The cleared length is 7. 8 kilometres (4. 8 miles) and has the equivalent surface area of 90 Olympic hockey rinks. It runs from the Hartwell locks at Carleton University to the locks between the Parliament Buildings and the Château Laurier. This article is about the university in Ottawa Ontario Canada Parliament Hill (colloquially The Hill, French Colline du Parlement) is a scenic location on the southern banks of the Ottawa River in downtown The Fairmont Château Laurier is a landmark Hotel in downtown Ottawa, Ontario located near the intersection of Rideau Street and Sussex It serves as a popular tourist attraction and recreational area and is also the focus of the Winterlude festival in Ottawa. Winterlude ( Bal de neige in French) is an annual festival in Ottawa, Ontario and Gatineau, Quebec that celebrates Beaver Tails, a fried dough pastry, are sold along with other snacks and beverages, in kiosks on the skateway. This article is about a particular kind of food that is known by the specific name "Fried dough In January 2008, Winnipeg, Manitoba achieved the record of the world's longest skating rink at a a length of 8. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116  sq mi of North America 54 kilometers[8] on its Assiniboine River and Red River at The Forks. The Assiniboine River is a long River that runs through the Prairies of Western Canada in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The Forks is a historic site and meeting place in downtown Winnipeg located at the confluence of the Red River and Assiniboine River

Although some residents of Ottawa had been using the canal as an impromptu skating surface for years, the official use of the canal as a skateway and tourist attraction is a more recent innovation. In fact, as recently as the 1970s, the city government of Ottawa considered paving over the canal in order to make an automobile expressway[9]. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The City of Ottawa ( French: Ville d'Ottawa) is the corporate entity of municipal government in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. An expressway is a Divided highway for high-speed traffic with at least partial Control of access. The federal government's ownership of the canal, however, prevented the city from pursuing this proposal.

When Doug Fullerton was appointed chair of the National Capital Commission, he proposed a recreational corridor around the canal, including the winter skateway between Carleton University and Confederation Park. The National Capital Commission (NCC known in French as the Commission de la capitale nationale (CCN is a Canadian Crown corporation that administers the federally This article is about the university in Ottawa Ontario Canada Confederation Park is a downtown park in Ottawa, Canada It is bordered on the south by Laurier Avenue and Ottawa City Hall; on the east by the Rideau The plan was implemented despite opposition by city council, and 50,000 people skated on the canal on the first weekend. The Ottawa City Council ( French: Conseil municipal d'Ottawa) is the governing body of the City of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. [9]. City councilor and author Clive Doucet credits this transformation of the canal with reinvigorating the communities of the Glebe, Old Ottawa East and Old Ottawa South. Clive Doucet (born 1946 is a Canadian writer and politician of Acadian descent The Glebe is a neighbourhood in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It is located just south of Ottawa's downtown area, with its northern border being demarcated Old Ottawa East or just Ottawa East is a Neighbourhood of Ottawa, Canada. Old Ottawa South is an older urban neighbourhood in Ottawa, Canada. [9]

It has been reported that the National Hockey League's Ottawa Senators are exploring the possibility of playing a regular season game outdoors on the Rideau Canal, using temporary bleachers for the spectators. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America The Ottawa Senators (Les Sénateurs d'Ottawa are a professional Ice hockey team based in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada [10]

The machine used to clear the weeds from the Canal
The machine used to clear the weeds from the Canal

See also

References

  1. ^ Rideau Canal, UNESCO World Heritage, UNESCO.org. This article is not about the British company Severn Trent Water. The Welland Canal is a Ship canal that runs 42  km (270  Miles from Port Colborne Ontario on Lake Erie to Port The St Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of Canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes The Parks Canada Players theatrical troupe was founded in 2003 by Parks Canada to promote and preserve Canadian heritage Retrieved 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
  2. ^ Unesco names World Heritage sites, BBC News, 28 June 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
  3. ^ History of the Rideau Canal, Rideau-info. com. Retrieved 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
  4. ^ Irish Deaths, WeAreIrish. ca. Retrieved 2008-05-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling
  5. ^ Labourers not given Quinine, WeAreIrish. ca. Retrieved 2008-05-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling
  6. ^ Memorials, Rideau-info. com. Retrieved 2008-01-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes.
  7. ^ Winnipeg lays claim to world's longest skating path
  8. ^ Winnipeg lays claim to world's longest skating path
  9. ^ a b c Doucet, Clive (2007). Clive Doucet (born 1946 is a Canadian writer and politician of Acadian descent Urban Meltdown: Cities, Climate Change and Politics as Usual. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers, 15-17. ISBN 978-0-86571-584-4. OCLC 86226079. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
  10. ^ Hockey Blog. Globe and Mail. The Globe and Mail is a Canadian English language nationally distributed Newspaper, based in Toronto and printed in six cities December 31, 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC

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