| Richard Helms | |
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| In office June 30, 1966 – February 02, 1973 |
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| President | Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon |
| Preceded by | William Raborn |
| Succeeded by | James R. Schlesinger |
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| Born | March 30, 1913 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
| Died | October 23, 2002 (aged 89) |
Richard McGarrah Helms (March 30, 1913 – October 23, 2002) was the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from 1966 to 1973. The Office of United States Director of Central Intelligence (DCI was established by U Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Vice Admiral William Francis Raborn Jr, USN ( June 8, 1905 - March 6, 1990) was a United States Navy officer James Rodney Schlesinger (born February 15, 1929) was United States Secretary of Defense from 1973 to 1975 under presidents Richard Nixon and Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Office of United States Director of Central Intelligence (DCI was established by U He was the only director to have been convicted of lying to Congress over Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) undercover activities. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all In 1977, he was sentenced to the maximum fine and received a suspended two-year prison sentence. Despite this, Helms remained a revered figure in the intelligence profession. CIA Historian Keith Melton describes Helms as a professional who was always impeccably dressed and had a "low tolerance for fools. H Keith Melton is the author of two spy books Ultimate Spy Book (1996 ISBN 0789404435 Ultimate Spy (2002 ISBN 0789489724 "
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Biography
Helms was born in Philadelphia in 1913. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə In 1935, after he graduated from Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, he got a job at the United Press in London. Williams College is a highly selective private liberal arts college located in Williamstown, Massachusetts. Williamstown is a town in Berkshire County, in the northwest corner of Massachusetts. . The depression in London, however forced Helms to find work in Germany, where he covered the Berlin Olympic Games; he had spent two of his high school years at the prestigious Institut Le Rosey in Switzerland where he learned to speak French and later Realgymnasium in Freiburg, where he became fluent in German. The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, an International Multi-sport event which was held in 1936 in Berlin Institut Le Rosey, established in 1880 is the oldest private Boarding school in Switzerland and one of the most exclusive educational institutions in the world Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. He joined the advertising department of the Indianapolis Times; within two years he was national advertising manager. Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand The Indianapolis Times was an evening newspaper that served the city of Indianapolis Indiana from the late 1800s to 1965 when the paper ceased
Career in intelligence
During World War II Helms served in the United States Navy. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In 1943, he was posted to the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) because of his ability to speak German. The Office of Strategic Services ( OSS) was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. In the aftermath of the war, he was transferred to the newly formed Office of Special Operations (OSO), where at the age of 33 he was put in charge of intelligence and counter-intelligence operations in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. Intelligence (abbreviated int or intel) is not Information, but the product of evaluated information valued for its currency and relevance rather than This article is a subset article of Intelligence cycle security. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation
The OSO became a division of the CIA when that organization was created by the National Security Act of July 1947. In 1962 Helms became Director of Plans after the CIA's disastrous role in the attempted invasion of Cuba. The Director of the National Clandestine Service (D/NCS (formerly the Deputy Director for Operations DDO is a senior United States government official in the U For the United States invasion at the Bay of Pigs see Bay of Pigs Invasion. After falling out with the Kennedys, he was sent off to Vietnam where he oversaw the coup to overthrow President Ngo Dinh Diem. The Kennedy family are a family descending from the marriage of the Irish-Americans Joseph P Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Helms was made Deputy Director of the CIA under Admiral William Raborn. The assassination of John F Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States, took place on Friday November 22 1963 in Dallas Texas Vice Admiral William Francis Raborn Jr, USN ( June 8, 1905 - March 6, 1990) was a United States Navy officer A year later, in 1966, he was appointed Director.
The ease of Helms's role under President Lyndon Johnson changed with the arrival of President Richard Nixon and Nixon's national security advisor Henry Kissinger. The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, commonly referred to as the National Security Adviser (abbreviated NSA, or sometimes ANSA Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German -born American bureaucrat diplomat and 1973 After the debacle of Watergate, from which Helms succeeded in distancing the CIA as far as possible, the Agency came under much tighter Congressional control. Nixon, however, considered Helms to be disloyal, and fired him as DCI in 1973. Helms then served from 1973 to 1976 as US ambassador to Iran in Tehran. This article contains several lists of Ambassadors from the United States. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of
Helms's ultimate undoing was the CIA's role, at Nixon's behest, in the subversion of Chile's socialist government (Project FUBELT), and the overthrow of that country's democratically elected president, Salvador Allende, on September 11, 1973. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution See also United States intervention in Chile Project FUBELT (also known as Track II) is the codename for the secret CIA operations that were intended The Chilean coup d'état of 1973 is a landmark in the History of Chile and the Russo-American Cold War. Salvador Isabelino Allende Gossens (June 26 1908 – September 11 1973 was President of Chile from November 1970 until his death during the coup d'état of Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. According to Helms, Nixon had ordered the CIA to support a military coup to prevent Allende from becoming president in 1970. However, following the assassination of Army Commander-in-Chief General René Schneider by elements of the military, public support swung behind Allende, and he took office in October 1970. General René Schneider Chereau ( December 31, 1913 - October 25, 1970) was the Commander-in-chief of the Chilean Army Subsequently, the CIA funneled millions of dollars to opposition groups and striking truck drivers in a continuing effort to destabilize the Allende government.
During his ambassadorial confirmation hearings before the Senate, Helms was questioned concerning the CIA's role in the Chilean affair. Because the operations were still secret and the hearings were public events, Helms denied that the CIA had ever aided Allende's opposition. However, later information uncovered by the Church Committee hearings showed that Helms's statements were false, and he was prosecuted and convicted in 1977. The Church Committee is the common term referring to the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, a He received a two-year suspended sentence and a $2,000 fine. A suspended sentence is a legal construct Unless a minimum punishment is prescribed by law the Court has the power to suspend the passing of sentence (generally He wore the conviction as a badge of honor, and his fine was paid by friends from the CIA.
In 1972, Helms ordered the destruction of most records from the huge MKULTRA project, over 150 CIA-funded research projects designed to explore any possibilities of mind control. Mind control is a broad range of psychological tactics able to subvert an individual's control of his own thinking, behavior emotions or decisions The project became public knowledge two years later, after a New York Times report. Its full extent may never be known.
In 1983, President Ronald Reagan awarded Helms the National Security Medal. The National Security Medal is a decoration of the United States of America which was first created in 1947 by order of the United States National Security After he died of bone cancer in 2002, Richard Helms was interred in Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia. Bone tumor is an inexact term which can be used for both Benign and Malignant abnormal growths found in bone but is most commonly used for primary Tumors Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States, established during the American Civil War
See also
Further reading
- Thomas Powers. The Church Committee is the common term referring to the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, a The Family Jewels is the informal name used to refer to a set of reports that detail activities conducted by the United States Central Intelligence Agency. Operation Mockingbird was a secret Central Intelligence Agency campaign to influence domestic and foreign media beginning in the 1950s Thomas Powers (born December 12 1940 is an author intelligence expert and recipient of the Pulitzer Prize. The Man Who Kept the Secrets: Richard Helms and the CIA. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1979
- Richard Helms as Director of the CIA (PDF) - Created by the CIA's History Staff, this 230 page book was released by the CIA in 2006. Alfred A Knopf Inc is a New York publishing house founded by Alfred A It offers an in-depth and detailed look into the life and operations of Richard Helms.
Trivia
- Helms was portrayed by actor Sam Waterston in a memorable scene in the 1994 film Nixon, deleted from the original release but included in the director's cut DVD. Samuel Atkinson "Sam" Waterston (born November 15 1940) is an American actor noted particularly for his portrayal of Jack McCoy Nixon is a 1995 Biographical film directed by Oliver Stone for Cinergi Pictures that tells the story of the political and personal
- The character Richard Hayes, portrayed by actor Lee Pace in the 2006 film The Good Shepherd, was loosely based on Helms. Lee Grinner Pace (born March 25, 1979) is an Emmy Award-nominated and two-time Golden Globe -nominated American Actor The Good Shepherd is a 2006 Spy film directed by Robert De Niro and starring Matt Damon and Angelina Jolie, with
External links
| Preceded by Vice Adm. William Raborn |
Director of Central Intelligence June 30, 1966 - February 02, 1973 |
Succeeded by James R. Schlesinger |
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