| Church positions | |
|---|---|
| See | Archdiocese of Boston |
| Title | Archbishop of Boston |
| Period in office | September 25, 1944 — September 8, 1970 |
| Successor | Humberto Cardinal Medeiros |
| Previous post | Auxiliary Bishop of Boston |
| Created cardinal | December 15, 1958 |
| Personal | |
| Date of birth | August 24, 1895 |
| Place of birth | South Boston, Massachusetts |
| Date of death | November 2, 1970 |
| Place of death | Boston, Massachusetts |
Richard Cardinal Cushing (August 24, 1895 — November 2, 1970) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Humberto Sousa Medeiros ( October 6, 1915 - September 17, 1983) was a Portuguese-born American Cardinal of the Roman Catholic See also Bishop (Catholic Church An auxiliary bishop, in the Roman Catholic Church, is an additional bishop assigned to a Diocese because The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston ( Latin: Archidioecesis Bostoniensis) is an ecclesiastical territory or Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A prelate is a high-ranking member of the Clergy who either is an Ordinary or ranks in precedence with ordinaries He served as Archbishop of Boston from 1944 to 1970, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1958. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston ( Latin: Archidioecesis Bostoniensis) is an ecclesiastical territory or Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Contents |
Biography
Richard James Cushing was born in South Boston to Patrick Cushing, a blacksmith, and Mary (née Dahill) Cushing, Irish emigrants. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Graduating from Boston College in 1917, he attended St. John's Seminary in Brighton and was later ordained to the priesthood by William Cardinal O'Connell on May 26, 1921. For similarly-named academic institutions see Education in Boston MA. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year St John's Seminary, located in the Brighton neighborhood of Boston Massachusetts, United States, serves the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston Brighton is a neighborhood of the City of Boston, Massachusetts, located in the northwest corner of the city In a general sense the term Holy Orders refers to those in the Christian religion who have been ordained in Apostolic Succession. The ministerial orders of the Catholic Church includes both the orders of bishops and presbyters, which in Latin is sacerdos. William Henry Cardinal O'Connell ( December 8, 1859 &ndash April 22, 1944) was Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Church Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Cushing then did pastoral work in Boston until 1939. In the Roman Catholic Church, a parish is the lowest ecclesiastical geographical subdivision from Ecclesiastical province to Diocese to Deanery Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. During that time, he also served as assistant director (1922-1929) and then director (1929-1944) of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith, and was raised to the rank of Monsignor on May 14, 1939. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Society for the Propagation of the Faith is an international association for the assistance by Prayers and Alms of Catholic Missionary priests Monsignor, pl monsignori is the form of address for those members of the Clergy of the Catholic Church holding certain Ecclesiastical Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
On June 10, 1939, he was appointed Auxiliary Bishop of Boston and Titular Bishop of Mela. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. See also Bishop (Catholic Church An auxiliary bishop, in the Roman Catholic Church, is an additional bishop assigned to a Diocese because The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston ( Latin: Archidioecesis Bostoniensis) is an ecclesiastical territory or Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church Main article Bishop (Catholic Church A titular bishop is a bishop of the Catholic Church who is not in charge Cushing received his episcopal consecration on the following June 29 from Cardinal O'Connell, with Bishops John Peterson and Thomas Emmet, SJ, serving as co-consecrators. In the Catholic Church, a Bishop is an ordained minister who holds the fullness of the priesthood. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Manchester ( Diocensis Manchesteriensis in Latin is a Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the region of New England The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kingston in Jamaica ( Latin: Archidioecesis Regiopolitanus in Iamaica) is an Archdiocese of the Latin rite The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Consecrator is a term used in the Roman Catholic Church to designate a bishop who ordains a priest to the episcopal state He took as his episcopal motto: Ut Cognoscant Te ("That they may know thee"). A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group
Cushing was named the third Archbishop of Boston on September 25, 1944, following Cardinal O'Connell's death. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston ( Latin: Archidioecesis Bostoniensis) is an ecclesiastical territory or Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cushing was persistent in his efforts to persuade the U. S. government to engage in trade with the Fascist Spanish government of Francisco Franco. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid During his tenure, Boston would also see the excommunication of Fr. Leonard Feeney, SJ for his stringent interpretation of the Catholic doctrine that there is no salvation outside the Church. Excommunication is a religious Censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community Father Leonard Feeney (b Lynn Massachusetts 1897-02-18 - d Ayer Massachusetts 1978-01-30) was a U The Latin phrase Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus means "Outside the Church there is no Salvation " Feeney refused to back down from his position, although it has been reported that he was ultimately reconciled with the church before his death. After the death of Pius XII, Cushing published a moving tribute to him. [1] In 1959, Cushing published a biography of the late Pope Pius XII (1939-1958), depicting the late pope as "Pope of Peace". Pope
He was essentially tasked with making the Roman Catholic Church acceptable to the general American population in preparation for then-Senator John F. Kennedy's run for the White House. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence Part of this would include reaching out to the non-Catholics of Boston battered and scarred by the long sectarian reign of Cardinal O'Connell, who had made Boston into his own Hibernian and Catholic fiefdom (as per Militant and Triumphant: William Henry O'Connell and the Catholic Church in Boston, 1895-1944[2]). Irish Catholics is a term used to describe people of Roman Catholic background who are Irish or of Irish descent. Under the system of Feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud, feoff, or fee, often consisted of inheritable lands or revenue-producing
Cushing was created Cardinal Priest of S. Susanna by Pope John XXIII in the consistory of December 15, 1958. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. Santa Susanna (Italian - Chiesa di Santa Susanna alle Terme di Diocleziano) is a church on the Quirinal in Rome, with a Titulus at its site that Pope John (numberingBlessed Antiquity Originally the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together' just as the Greek syn(hedrion (of which the Biblical Sanhedrin Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was also one of the cardinal electors in the 1963 papal conclave, which selected Pope Paul VI. Roman Curia Grégoire-Pierre Agagianian, Prefect of Propagation of the Faith Joaquín Albareda y Ramoneda, OSB Issues facing the conclave John XXIII's death left the future of the Second Vatican Council in the balance as the election of an anti-Council pope could have severely Pope
The Cardinal was a close friend of the Kennedy family. The Kennedy family are a family descending from the marriage of the Irish-Americans Joseph P He officiated at the marriage of John F. Catholic marriage, also called ''matrimony'', is an indissoluble bond between a man and a woman created by human contract and ratified by divine grace Kennedy and Jacqueline Lee Bouvier in 1953, at which he also read a special prayer from Pope Pius XII, and baptized many of the Kennedy children. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pope Cushing gave the prayer invocation at Kennedy's inauguration in 1961. The Cardinal also celebrated President Kennedy's funeral Mass in 1963 at St. The State funeral of John F Kennedy took place during the three days that followed his assassination The Requiem (from Latin requiem, accusative case of requies, rest or Requiem Mass (informally a funeral Mass also known formally (in Latin as the Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Matthew's Cathedral in Washington, D.C.
The day before the funeral, he gave a televised eulogy for the assassinated President. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic A eulogy is a speech or writing in Praise of a person or thing Cushing later publicly defended Jacqueline Kennedy after her marriage to Aristotle Onassis in 1968. Aristotelis (also Ari or Aristo) Sokratis Onassis (Αριστοτέλης Ωνάσης (January 15 1906 &ndash March 15 1975 was one Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He subsequently received a large amount of hate mail and was contradicted by the Vatican. Hate mail (as electronic, posted, or otherwise is a form of Harassment, usually consisting of invective and potentially intimidating or threatening comments The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic [3]
At the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) Cushing played a vital role in drafting Nostra Aetate, the document that officially absolved the Jews of deicide charge. The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Nostra Aetate is the Declaration on the Relation of the Church with Non-Christian Religions of the Second Vatican Council. Jewish Deicide is an Antisemitic canard that placed the Responsibility for the death of Jesus on the Jewish people as a whole His emotional comments during debates over the drafts were echoed in the final version:
- 1. We must cast the Declaration on the Jews in a much more positive form, one not so timid, but much more loving . . . For the sake of our common heritage we, the children of Abraham according to the spirit, must foster a special reverence and love for the children of Abraham according to the flesh. As children of Adam, they are our kin, as children of Abraham they are Christ's blood relatives. 2. So far as the guilt of Jews in the death of our Saviour is concerned, the rejection of the Messiah by His own, is according to Scripture, a mystery—a mystery given us for our instruction, not for our self-exhaltation . . . We cannot sit in judgement on the onetime leaders of Israel—God alone is their judge. Much less can we burden later generations of Jews with any burden of guilt for the crucifixion of the Lord Jesus, for the death of the Saviour of the world, except that universal guilt in which we all have a part . . . In clear and unmistakable language, we must deny, therefore, that the Jews are guilty of our Saviour's death. We must condemn especially those who seek to justify, as Christian deeds, discriminaion, hated and even persecution of Jews . . . 3. I ask myself, Venerable Brothers, whether we should not humbly acknowledge before the whole world that, toward their Jewish brethren, Christians have all too often not shown themselves as true Christians, as faithful followers of Christ. How many [Jews] have suffered in our own time? How many died because Christians were indifferent and kept silent? . . . If in recent years, not many Christian voices were raised against those injustices, at least let ours now be heard in humility. [4]
He was deeply committed to implementing the Council's reforms and promoting renewal in the Church[5]. Aggiornamento, literally meaning "bringing up to date" was one of the key words used during the Second Vatican Council both by Bishops and In an unprecedented gesture of ecumenism, he even encouraged Catholics to attend Billy Graham's crusades[6]. The Roman Catholic Church has been heavily involved in the ecumenical movement since the Second Vatican Council (1961-1965 William Franklin Graham Jr KBE (born November 7 1918 better known as Billy Graham, is an evangelist and an Evangelical Christian Cushing strongly condemned Communism, particularly the regime of Josip Broz Tito[7]. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based
Cushing resigned as Boston's archbishop on September 8, 1970, after twenty-five years of service. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Less than two months later, he died from cancer in Boston at the age of 75, and was buried in Hanover, Massachusetts at the chapel of St. Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Hanover is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. Colette's School for Exceptional Children. [8].
Biography of Pope Pius XII
In 1959, Richard Cardinal Cushing published his only book, a biography of the late Pope Pius XII (1939-1958). Pope It is an almost hagiographic biography, written shortly after the death of the Pontiff. Cushing depicted him as the “Pope of Peace”, who, armed only with the spiritual weapons of his office triumphed over insidious attacks, that seemed about to destroy the center of Christendom. Nations, paid him respect and the faithful, throughout the world, were inspired to resist the disintegration forces, that were working for the collapse of wordly empires. As a person, Pius XII was a simple but true priest, a pastor, selflessly dedicated to the highest interests of the Church and the greater glory of God. Pope [9]
-
- Armed only with the spiritual weapons of his office and fortified by the promise of Christ that the gates of hell would not prevail against the Church. he triumphed over insidious attacks of the secularists and coarser invectives of the atheists. His name became a rallying point for all men of good will who seek the blessings of peace with justice. [10]
-
- During five years of bloody warfare, that international diplomacy was unable to avert, the Pope of Peace, skilfully, patiently and prayerfully warded off the attacks that seemed about to destroy the center of Christendom. With unshakable courage, he remained within the narrow limits in which he possessed diplomatic immunity. From the contending nations, he commanded respect for the cause of Christ. Within the souls of the faithful, throughout the world, he inspired determination to resist the disintegration forces, that were working for the collapse of worldly empires. [11]
-
- What was uppermost in my mind is that he was to the very end a true priest, He edified those who knew him most intimately by the austerity and fervor of his personal life. He was truly universal in his outlook … More than anything he was a pastor, a Good Shepard of souls, selflessly dedicated to the highest interests of the Church and the greater glory of God. [12]
After this publication, Cushing abstained from publishing any further books. The book continues to have value, however, because it contains a large appendix with detailed explanations of all Vatican offices and Curia congregations, and legal entities of the Vatican, many of which do not exist anymore. A Curia in early Roman times was a subdivision of the people i Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Others have new names. Therefore the Cushing book provides an encyclopedic introduction into the Vatican, as it existed before Vatican II. An encyclopedia (or '''encyclopædia''') is a comprehensive written Compendium that contains Information on either all branches of Knowledge The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. This is relevant, because many papal documents before 1958 refer to these entities and congregations. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Miscellaneous
- He was a member of the NAACP. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, usually abbreviated as NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential Civil rights organizations
- Cushing founded the Missionary Society of St. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. James the Apostle in 1958 to "serve the needs of the poorest of the poor in South America"[13]. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a
- He wrote the foreword for the Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition of the Bible, and gave his imprimatur to the Oxford Annotated Bible. The Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition (also known as the RSV-CE) is an adaptation of the Revised Standard Version (RSV of the Bible for Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin An Imprimatur is an official declaration from the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church that a literary or similar work is free from error in matters of Roman Catholic The Oxford Annotated Bible ( OAB) is a Study Bible published by the Oxford University Press (OUP
Legacy
- The now-closed Cardinal Cushing College, a women's college in Brookline, Massachusetts, was named after him. Cardinal Cushing College was a private, Catholic women's college in Brookline, Massachusetts. Brookline is a town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States, which borders on the cities of Boston and Newton.
References
- ^ Pope Pius XII by Richard Cushing, St. Paul Editions, Boston, 1959
- ^ Boston Globe'What Will Lake Street Think?' No Longer December 14, 2003
- ^ Time magazine "TheCardinal and Jackie", November 1, 1968
- ^ Oesterreicher, pp. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 197-98
- ^ TIME Magazine. The Unlikely Cardinal August 21, 1964
- ^ Time magazine. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Big Man in a Long Red Robe November 16, 1970
- ^ Time magazine How Are Things in Yugoslavia? September 1, 1947
- ^ Time magazine. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Big Man in a Long Red Robe November 16, 1970
- ^ Cushing, p. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 49
- ^ Cushing, p. 11
- ^ Cushing, pp. 44-45
- ^ Cushing, pp. 47, 49
- ^ The Missionary Society of St. James the Apostle. Homepage
Episcopal succession
| Episcopal Lineage | |
| Consecrated by: | William Henry Cardinal O'Connell |
| Date of consecration: | June 29, 1939 |
| Consecrator of | |
|---|---|
| Bishop | Date of consecration |
| Edward Francis Ryan | January 3, 1945 |
| Louis Francis Kelleher | June 8, 1945 |
| John Joseph Wright | June 30, 1947 |
| Eric Francis MacKenzie | September 14, 1950 |
| Thomas Francis Markham | September 14, 1950 |
| Jeremiah Francis Minihan | September 8, 1954 |
| George Hamilton Pearce | June 29, 1956 |
| Jaime Antônio Schuck | February 24, 1959 |
| Thomas Joseph Riley | December 21, 1959 |
| William John McNaughton | August 21, 1961 |
| Samuel Emmanuel Carter | April 25, 1966 |
| James Edward Burke | May 25, 1967 |
| Daniel Anthony Cronin | September 12, 1968 |
| Preceded by William Henry Cardinal O'Connell |
Archbishop of Boston 1944 – 1970 |
Succeeded by Humberto Sousa Cardinal Medeiros |
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