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Richard Chace Tolman (March 4, 1881–September 5, 1948) was an American mathematical physicist and physical chemist who was an authority on statistical mechanics and made important contributions to the early development of theoretical cosmology. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Mathematical physics is the scientific discipline concerned with the interface of Mathematics and Physics. Physical chemistry, is the application of Physics to macroscopic microscopic atomic subatomic and particulate phenomena in chemical systems It is mostly defined as a large Statistical mechanics is the application of Probability theory, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations to the field of Mechanics Physical cosmology, as a branch of Astronomy, is the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its He was a professor of physical chemistry and mathematical physics at Caltech. Physical chemistry, is the application of Physics to macroscopic microscopic atomic subatomic and particulate phenomena in chemical systems It is mostly defined as a large Mathematical physics is the scientific discipline concerned with the interface of Mathematics and Physics.

Born in West Newton, Massachusetts, brother of behavioral psychologist Edward Chace Tolman, Richard C. West Newton is a Village of the City of Newton Massachusetts and is one of the oldest of the thirteen Newton villages Edward Chace Tolman (1886 - 1959 was an American psychologist. Tolman studied chemical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, receiving his bachelor's degree in 1903 and Ph.D. in 1910. Chemical engineering is the branch of Engineering that deals with the application of Physical science (e A bachelor's degree is usually an Undergraduate Academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three four or in some cases and Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation.

In 1912, two years out of school, Tolman more or less single-handedly coined the concept of relativistic mass, in stating: “the expression m0(1 − v2/c2)−1/2 is best suited for THE mass of a moving body”. The term Mass in Special relativity usually refers to the Rest mass of the object which is the Newtonian mass as measured by an observer moving along with [1]

Tolman joined the California Institute of Technology in 1922, where he became professor of physical chemistry and mathematical physics, and later dean of the graduate school. The California Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as Caltech) is a private, Coeducational research university located in Pasadena An early student there was American theoretical chemist Linus Pauling, to whom he taught the pre-wave-mechanics quantum theory. Linus Carl Pauling (February 28 1901 – August 19 1994 was an American Scientist, Peace activist, Author and educator. In Physics, especially Quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation is an equation that describes how the Quantum state of a Physical system Quantum mechanics is the study of mechanical systems whose dimensions are close to the Atomic scale such as Molecules Atoms Electrons At some point Tolman was a member of the Technical Alliance. The Technical Alliance formed at the end of World War I (winter of 1918-1919 was one of America's first Think tanks Their main task was the Energy Survey of

An expert on statistical mechanics, Tolman wrote a textbook on the subject in 1927 against the background of the old quantum theory. This was followed in 1938 by a completely new work, which covered in detail the application of statistical mechanics to both classical and quantum systems. It became the standard work on the subject for many years, and is still of interest today. Tolman also became increasingly interested in the application of thermodynamics to relativistic systems, and cosmology. In Physics, thermodynamics (from the Greek θερμη therme meaning " Heat " and δυναμις dynamis meaning " Work in that field included investigation of the oscillatory universe hypothesis (resulting in its temporary demise); and showing in 1934 that black body radiation in an expanding universe cools but remains thermal - a vital result for the properties of the cosmic microwave background. The oscillatory universe is a Cosmological model, originally derived by Alexander Friedman in 1922 investigated briefly by Einstein in 1930 and critiqued In Physics, a black body is an object that absorbs all light that falls on it

During World War II he served as scientific advisor to General Leslie Groves on the Manhattan Project, and at the time of his death was chief advisor to Bernard Baruch, the U. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Lieutenant General Leslie Richard Groves ( August 17, 1896 &ndash July 13, 1970) was a United States Army Engineer The World War II Manhattan Project developed the first Nuclear weapon (atomic bomb Bernard Mannes Baruch (bəˈɹuk ( August 18, 1870 &ndash June 20, 1965) was a Jewish-American Financier, stock market Speculator S. representative to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. The United Nations Atomic Energy Commission ( UNAEC) was founded on 24 January 1946 by the first resolution of the United Nations General Assembly

Each year the Tolman Medal, named for Richard Tolman, is awarded by the southern California section of the American Chemical Society "in recognition of outstanding contributions to chemistry". California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The American Chemical Society ( ACS) is a Learned society ( Professional association) based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry

References

  1. ^ R. Tolman, Philosophical Magazine 23, 375 (1912).

See also

External links

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