Rhodiola rosea (Golden Root)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Saxifragales Family: Crassulaceae Genus: Rhodiola Species: R. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its The Saxifragales are an order of Dicotyledon Flowering plants In the APG II classification system it includes the following families The Crassulaceae, or orpine family, is a family of Dicotyledons They store water in their Succulent leaves Rhodiola rosea (Golden Root Roseroot is a plant in the Crassulaceae family that grows in cold regions of the world rosea
Binomial name
Rhodiola rosea L.[1]
Synonyms
Sedum rosea (L. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. ) Scop. Sedum rhodiola DC. Rhodiola arctica Boriss. Rhodiola iremelica Boriss. Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (sometimes Latinized as Johannes Antonius Scopoli) ( June 3, 1723 &ndash May 8, 1788) was a Tyrolian Antonina Georgievna Borissova (1903-1970 was a Russian Botanist, specialising in the flora of the Deserts and Semi-deserts of Central Rhodiola scopolii Simonk. Sedum scopolii Simonk.

Rhodiola rosea (Golden Root, Roseroot) is a plant in the Crassulaceae family that grows in cold regions of the world. The Crassulaceae, or orpine family, is a family of Dicotyledons They store water in their Succulent leaves These include much of the Arctic, the mountains of Central Asia, the Rocky Mountains, and mountainous parts of Europe, such as the Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathian Mountains, Scandinavia, Iceland, Great Britain and Ireland. The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America. The Pyrenees (Pirineos French: Pyrénées; Catalan: Pirineus; Occitan: Pirenèus; Aragonese: Perinés The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (Carpaţi Czech, Polish and Slovak: Karpaty; Ukrainian: Карпати Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world

Contents 1 Uses of Rhodiola rosea 2 Active ingredients 3 Dosage 4 Other adaptogens 5 References 6 External links

Uses of Rhodiola rosea

Rhodiola rosea is effective for improving mood and alleviating depression. In the fields of Psychology and Psychiatry, the terms depression or depressed refer to both expected and pathologically chronic or severe Russian research shows that it improves both physical and mental performance, reduces fatigue, and prevents high-altitude sickness. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Physiology (from Greek grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the mechanical physical MIND ( Moving In New Directions) (est 1975 is an alternative education high school in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness ( AMS) altitude illness, or soroche, is a pathological condition that is caused by acute In one study, the Rhodiola rosea group decreased proofreading errors by 88% while the control group increased proofreading errors by 84%. Rhodiola rosea's effects are attributed to its ability to optimise serotonin and dopamine levels, due to monoamine oxidase inhibition and to its influence on opioid peptides such as beta-endorphins. Serotonin (ˌsɛrəˈtoʊnən ( 5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a Monoamine Neurotransmitter synthesized in serotonergic Neurons Dopamine is a Hormone and Neurotransmitter occurring in a wide variety of animals including both vertebrates and invertebrates An opioid is a chemical Substance that has a Morphine -like action in the body Peptides (from the Greek πεπτίδια, "small digestibles" are short Polymers formed from the linking in a defined order of α- Amino Endorphins are Endogenous Opioid Polypeptide compounds They are produced by the Pituitary gland and the Hypothalamus in Vertebrates

Substances like these are referred to as adaptogens. The term adaptogen is used by Herbalists to refer to a natural herb product that is proposed to increase the body's resistance to Stress, trauma They differ from stimulants, and do not have the same health consequences as nicotine, etc.

In Russia, Rhodiola rosea, also known as golden root, has been used for centuries to cope with the cold Siberian climate and stressful life. Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving It has also been used for centuries in Scandinavia, both by the Vikings and the Sámi. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas The Sami people are the Indigenous people of northern Europe inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses parts of northern Sweden, Norway Note that Rhodiola is sometimes inappropriately referred to as "Arctic Root", which is a trademark product name held by the Swedish Herbal Institute for an extract SHR-5 which contains unique Rhodiola rosea extracts tested in human clinical trials. Publication of a double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial shows a significant effect for SHR-5 Rhodiola extract in cases of mild-to-moderate depression. ^[2]

It is used in traditional Chinese medicine, where it is called hóng jǐng tiān (红景天). Traditional Chinese medicine (also known as TCM,) includes a range of traditional medical practices originating in China.

Active ingredients

Rhodiola rosea has some compounds which are not found in other Rhodiola species. A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. These are:

• Rosavin (C₂₀H₂₈O₁₀)
• Rosarin (C₁₉H₂₆O₁₀)
• Rosin (C₁₅H₂₀O₆)

Note that the word rosavins can be used to include rosavin, rosarin, and rosin. Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Also, the word Rosavin is a brand name. A brand is a collection of Images and ideas representing an economic producer more specifically it refers to the descriptive verbal attributes and concrete symbols such as a

Rosavin, rosarin, rosin and salidroside (and sometimes p-tyrosol, rhodioniside, rhodiolin and rosiridin) are considered the active ingredients of Rhodiola rosea. Tyrosol is a Phenolic Antioxidant present in a variety of natural sources An active ingredient ( AI) also active pharmaceutical ingredient ( API) or bulk active, is the substance in a drug that is Pharmaceutically

Dosage

Rhodiola rosea extract is mainly used in the form of capsules or a tablet. In the manufacture of pharmaceuticals encapsulation refers to a range of techniques used to enclose medicines in a relatively stable shell known as a capsule, allowing them These dosage forms usually contain 100 mg of a standardized amount of 3 percent rosavins and 0. 8-1 percent salidroside because the naturally occurring ratio of these compounds in Rhodiola rosea root is approximately 3:1. A ratio is an expression which compares quantities relative to each other Some companies believe that there are as many as 12 active biochemical compounds in the plant and do not subscribe to what they perceive as "artificial" standardization on only two of those compounds.

A typical dosage is one or two capsules or tablets daily; one in the morning and when taking two, one in the early afternoon. Dosing generally applies to feeding Chemicals or Medicines in small quantities into a Process fluid or to a Living being at intervals or to Rhodiola rosea should be taken early in the day because for some it can interfere with sleep. Sleep is a Natural state of bodily rest observed throughout the animal kingdom Others can take it in the evening with no effect on sleep patterns. If a user becomes overly activated, jittery or agitated then a smaller dose with very gradual increases may be needed. It is contraindicated in excited states. In Medicine, a contraindication (pronounced as contra-indication is a condition or factor that increases the Risks involved in using a particular drug,

The dose may be increased to 200 mg three times a day if needed. A high dose is considered to be daily intakes of 1,000 mg and above.

Other adaptogens

• Panax ginseng (Panax Ginseng)
• Panax quinquefolius (American Ginseng)
• Eleutherococcus senticosus (Eleuthero, formerly known as Siberian Ginseng)
• Withania somnifera (Ashwaganda)
• Gynostemma pentaphyllum (jiaogulan)
• Ocimum tenuiflorum (Holy Basil or Tulsi)
• Cordyceps sinensis (Cordyceps)
• Rhaponticum carthamoides (Rhaponticum)
• Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi)

References

External links

• Science News Online, Warming to a Cold War Herb
• Third Age, ThirdAge: Rhodiola rosea
• American Botanical Council, Rhodiola rosea: A Phytomedicinal Overview
• Whole Health MD, Reference Library
• Alternative Medicine, The Herb that Came In from the Cold
• Rhodiola rosea Information (www.mdidea.com)

Critical of effects on mountain sickness

• Wilderness Medical Society, Lack of Effect of Rhodiola on Hypoxemia and Oxidative Stress
• Swedish Medical Center, Acute Mountain Sickness

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