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Rhodes University

Motto: Vis, virtus, veritas (Strength, courage, truth)
Established: 1904
Type: Public
Vice-Chancellor: Saleem Badat
Staff: 295
Students: 5,583
Undergraduates: 4,456
Postgraduates: 1,127
Location: Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Campus: Urban
Website: www.ru.ac.za

Rhodes University is a university in South Africa. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The date of establishment or date of founding of an Institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on A public university is a University that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government as opposed to private universities. A Vice-Chancellor (commonly called the VC) of a University in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, New Zealand, Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation Verb "studēre" In some Educational systems undergraduate education is Post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelor's degree. See also Postgraduate Training in Education Postgraduate education (synonymous in North America with graduate education, and sometimes described Grahamstown is a city in the Eastern Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa and is the seat of the Makana municipality The Eastern Cape is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bhisho. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

The university is situated in Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Grahamstown is a city in the Eastern Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa and is the seat of the Makana municipality The Eastern Cape is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bhisho. The town is famous for its numerous churches as well as its hosting of the National Arts Festival, which takes place annually in the early days of July. Rhodes is home to over 5,000 students, about 3,000 of whom live in residences on campus. The remaining students rent out flats or live in their own homes in the town. The university boasts six main faculties - commerce, education, humanities, law, pharmacy and science - and over 30 different academic departments. Commerce is a division of trade or production which deals with the exchange of goods and services from producer to final consumer Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency The humanities are academic disciplines which study the Human condition, using methods that are primarily Analytic, Critical, or Speculative Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Pharmacy (from the Greek φάρμακον 'pharmakon' = drug is the Health profession that links the Health sciences with the chemical sciences Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding

Contents

History

The Sir Herbert Baker clocktower at the heart of the Rhodes campus
The Sir Herbert Baker clocktower at the heart of the Rhodes campus

Rhodes owes its unique character among South African universities to a combination of factors - historical, geographical, cultural and architectural. Its history is a chronicle of the people whose intellect, vision and courage created and sustained a university, often against seemingly insuperable odds. Successive generations of Rhodians, imbued with their independence of thought, have had an influence on southern Africa and world affairs out of all proportion to their small numbers.

In the beginning

University education in the Eastern Cape began in the college departments of four schools: St Andrew's College, Grahamstown; Gill College, Somerset East; Graaff-Reinet College; and the Grey Institute in Port Elizabeth. St Andrew's College is a private Senior school for boys located in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Grey High School is a public school for boys located in the city of Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, South Africa. By the turn of the century only St Andrew's and Gill still prepared candidates for the degree examinations of the University of the Cape of Good Hope. The University of the Cape of Good Hope, renamed the University of South Africa in 1916 was created by Act 16 of 1873 of the Cape of Good Hope Parliament. Limitations in staff, laboratory equipment and libraries made tuition inadequate. It was obvious that only a central university college could provide a satisfactory standard of university education.

Grahamstown, out of the mainstream of commercial and industrial life, seemed an unlikely choice for a university city, but local residents were strongly in favour of the idea. The chief obstacle was lack of funds. The South African War of 1899-1902 almost extinguished the project. Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

In December 1902 Josiah Slater, Member of Parliament for Albany and editor of the Graham's Town Journal, called a meeting to try to rekindle public interest. Albany South Africa (also known as Cape Borders, Cape Frontier, Settler Country, and Western Region) was a District in the Eastern He succeeded beyond all expectations, but enthusiastic promises of local and financial support were not enough. The newly-formed committee applied, unsuccessfully, to the Rhodes Trustees for the financial backing they needed. Rhodes House is part of the University of Oxford in England. It is located on the south of South Parks Road in central Oxford, and was built

Selmar Schonland, distinguished botanist and curator of Albany Museum, then tried a direct approach to one of the Rhodes Trustees, Dr. Professor Selmar Schonland ( 15 August, 1860 Frankenhausen Germany – 22 April, 1940 Grahamstown, Cape Province the founder of Leander Starr Jameson. Sir Leander Starr Jameson 1st Baronet, KCMG, CB, ( February 9, 1853 &ndash November 26, 1917) also known as "

Jameson, soon to be elected Member of Parliament for Albany and Prime Minister of the Cape Colony, promised £50,000 without consulting his fellow Trustees. At first they refused to confirm the grant; then, persuaded by Schonland, they made over De Beers Preference Shares to the value of £50,000 to Rhodes University College, founded by Act of Parliament on May 31, 1904. De Beers and the various companies within the De Beers Family of Companies engage in exploration for diamonds, diamond mining diamond trading and industrial diamond manufacture Preferred stock, also called preferred shares or preference shares, is typically a higher ranking stock than Voting shares, and its terms are negotiated Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on

The early years

The four St Andrew's College professors, Arthur Matthews, George Cory, Stanley Kidd and GF Dingemans became founding professors of the Rhodes University College and Matthew's outstanding survey class provided the nucleus of the Rhodes student body. The new university college prepared its students for the examinations of the University of the Cape of Good Hope.

At the beginning of 1905, Rhodes moved from cramped quarters at St Andrew's to the Drostdy building, which it bought from the British Government. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting During 1905 seven new professors, including Schonland, joined the original four. One of the distinctive features which evolved early in Rhodes' history was the tutorial system, adapted from the Oxbridge model. Oxbridge was originally a fictional composite of the University of '''Ox'''ford and the University of Cam'''bridge''' in England, and the term is now Each student was assigned to a staff member who took a personal interest in his or her work and welfare. As numbers increased, students were assigned tutors and tutorial groups within academic departments, providing a forum for the lively debate characteristic of a Rhodes education.

Expansion

The foundations of the Rhodes residential system were founded within a decade. Steadily growing student numbers put pressure on available accommodation in school hostels and 'approved boarding houses' as well as class and laboratory space in the motley collection of military buildings housing the college.

At this point, Baker and Kendall, the firm started by an architect of growing reputation, Herbert Baker, offered their services to the Council to draw plans for a new Rhodes. Sir Herbert Baker ( 9 June 1862 in Cobham Kent - 4 February 1946 in Cobham Kent was a British architect Their design won the competition held by the Council in 1910. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Within five years a new Chemistry-Zoology block and the first residences for men and women, College and Oriel, were built to Baker and Kendall plans. Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Zoology (from Greek ζῷον, zoon, "animal" + λόγος, " Logos " "knowledge" is the branch of

Moves by the South African College in Cape Town and the Victoria College in Stellenbosch to become autonomous universities began as early as 1905. The South African College was an educational institution in Cape Town, South Africa, which developed into the University of Cape Town (UCT and the The Rhodes Senate and Council quickly realised that an independent Cape Town University might threaten the still precarious existence of Rhodes. Fears were only allayed when Rhodes became a constituent college of the new University of South Africa in 1918. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

By 1917 Rhodes' finances had ebbed to the point where staff retrenchment became unavoidable. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year However, expansion was essential for survival. Increased postwar subsidies, a government bond on all Rhodes property and further help from the Rhodes Trustees made possible the construction of the first part of the Baker Arts Block and more residences.

Hard times

Sir John Adamson became first Master of Rhodes in 1925. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Further loans and another government bond were negotiated and building continued. The first sign of trouble ahead was a sharp drop in enrolment between 1927 and 1929 and the full force of the Depression struck Rhodes amidships in 1931 and 1932. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar.

Government grants were drastically reduced and De Beers did not declare a dividend in 1932. At the height of the crisis, Cullen Bowles, Professor of Classics, succeeded Adamson as Master.

Sudden national economic recovery in 1933 meant restored government subsidies and an end to staff salary cuts. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Armed with grants from the government and the Rhodes Trustees, and loans from various municipalities, the Council went ahead with the building of more residences and the completion of the Baker main block and tower. Bowles retired in 1937, after seven stormy years as Master and 26 years at Rhodes. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Professor John Smeath Thomas succeeded him.

At the end of 1938 the Carnegie Corporation made a Carnegie Library Fellowship available to train the first Rhodes Librarian, FG van der Riet. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A substantial grant to buy books for the Rhodes Library followed.

Despite the outbreak of war, student numbers continued to rise. The ambitious building programme went on throughout the war and post war years with funds borrowed from the municipalities of Grahamstown, Port Elizabeth, East London, King William's Town and Cape Town.

The day of reckoning

When the future of the University of South Africa came under review in 1947, Rhodes opted to become an independent university. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. However, £150,000 in free capital was needed for endowment. So, far from being available, Rhodes was soon forced to pledge its remaining De Beers Preference Shares to the bank as security against a soaring overdraft.

At this critical point, Dr Thomas Alty succeeded Smeath Thomas as master of a college owing £56,015. Alty's courageous decision to ride out the storm was soon confirmed by events. Just as it seemed Rhodes was finally facing dissolution, the partners of a Grahamstown printing firm, Hugh and Vincent Grocott, knocked on Dr Alty's door one evening and, almost apologetically, handed him a cheque for a considerable sum of money. Their gift seemed to act as a catalyst.

Birth of a university

The government and the Grahamstown City Council took steps to help extricate Rhodes from its predicament, and an insurance company lent the college £200,000 on favourable terms. When the Rhodes University Private Bill was passed in April 1949 an appeal for funds was launched. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Response from the Rhodes Trustees, the directors of De Beers Consolidated Mines and numerous other public and private organisations and individuals was overwhelming. Soon £100 000 had been subscribed and further £50,000 was promised, with a £1 for each £1 donation pledged by the government.

Rhodes University was inaugurated on March 10, 1951. Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Sir Basil Schonland, son of Selmar Schonland became the first Chancellor of his alma mater, and Alty the first Vice Chancellor. Sir Basil Ferdinand Jamieson Schonland CBE FRS ( 2 February 1896 - 24 November 1972) was the first president of the South African Council In terms of the Rhodes University Private Act, the University College of Fort Hare was affiliated to Rhodes University.

This mutually beneficial arrangement continued until the government decided to disaffiliate Fort Hare from Rhodes. The Rhodes Senate and Council objected strongly to this, and to the Separate University Education Bill, which they condemned as interference with academic freedom. However, the two bills were passed, and Fort Hare's affiliation to Rhodes came to an end in 1959. The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Negotiations with the Port Elizabeth City Council culminated in the opening of the short-lived Port Elizabeth Division of Rhodes University in 1961. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rhodes withdrew from Port Elizabeth at the end of 1964 after the government decided to replace the Division with an independent, dual-medium University of Port Elizabeth.

Continued growth

The old part of the Rhodes University campus -- looking across the Great Fields towards the Student Union building and the science buildings.
The old part of the Rhodes University campus -- looking across the Great Fields towards the Student Union building and the science buildings.

James Hyslop succeeded Alty in 1963, at a time of rapid expansion which continued throughout the decade. Facilities at Rhodes were strained to the limit. When the Community of the Resurrection closed the Grahamstown Training College, the University was provided with a solution to the critical shortage of space. Negotiations began in 1971 to buy the Training College buildings and grounds and a number of adjacent buildings. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. The Law and Divinity Departments moved into the St Peter's complex in 1975, followed by Education in 1977 and Music and Musicology in 1979. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar)

Dr Derek Henderson, an Old Rhodian, succeeded Hyslop in October 1975, during the continuing development of the University.

Four St Peter's residences, Canterbury, Salisbury, Winchester and Truro, were in university use by 1979. The beautiful chapel of St Mary and All the Angels, designed by Kendall, is now the Rhodes University Chapel. It was proclaimed a national monument in 1980. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) This area of campus, and the four residences named above, form part of Allan Webb Hall.

The former mother house was restored with generous outside assistance and was re-opened as the Gold Fields Centre for English during its centenary month of July, 1992. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)

Kimberley Hall is currently one of nine halls on campus.
Kimberley Hall is currently one of nine halls on campus.

New buildings linking the University's main quadrangles and the Library were formally opened in 1985. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) They included Geography, which completes the second quadrangle. Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία - geografia) is the study of the Earth and its lands features inhabitants and phenomena With English, Geography and the existing Library it also forms a third quadrangle, to complete the development of the University's central area.

Generous gifts from mining houses enabled the University to complete the Kimberley Hall complex by opening Gold Fields House in 1985 and De Beers House in 1988. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) A new residence, named Allan Gray House, in the Drostdy Hall complex was constructed as a result of a generous donation by Allan Gray Investments. It was opened to students in 1993. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) In addition, a new residence, called New House, was built in the Jan Smuts Hall complex, and was commissioned in 1994.

A further significant expansion to the Grahamstown campus began late in 1997. The Eden Grove complex containing the Registrar's Division, Cory Library and lecture accommodation was commissioned in mid-1999.

During the 2000 construction on the Hamilton Building to house the Departments of Computer Science and Information Systems was begun. The building was commissioned in 2001. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. It is an ultra-modern, high-technology facility. A number of new houses and a dining hall were constructed in 2001 and 2002 in the Stanley Kidd complex. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The hall was, as a result, separated from Kimberley Hall and now forms the Nelson Mandela Hall of residence. The acquisition of the Settlers Inn property at the end of 2001 led to the establishment of the Gavin Relly Postgraduate Village which was taken into use at the beginning of 2002.

The new Eden Grove building at Rhodes University.
The new Eden Grove building at Rhodes University.

Student enrolments passed 3,000 in 1982, 4,000 in 1991 and exceeded 5,000 in 2001 in Grahamstown and East London. Dr David Woods, an Old Rhodian and distinguished scientist, succeeded Dr Henderson in May 1996. Despite steady growth, Rhodes is still a small university whose excellence is in part a product of its smallness. About half of the Grahamstown students live in the 43 residences. Classes are still small enough to make individual tuition in tutorial groups feasible. The future of Rhodes lies not in greater numbers, but in increasing academic excellence and building upon almost a century of academic achievement.

As part of the national restructuring of the higher education system, in 2002 Cabinet approved the recommendation of the Minister of Education that the East London Campus be incorporated with the University of Fort Hare. The incorporation took place on January 1, 2004. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC

2004 was Rhodes's Centenary year. The event provided the University a unique opportunity to celebrate and reflect on its considerable achievements and their impact on society - in southern Africa and all over the world. A variety of academic and reunion events were staged to mark the occasion and bring the University community closer together.

During the 2006 April graduation ceremony a new building, the African Media Matrix housing the School of Journalism and Media Studies, was officially opened by Connie Molusi, alumnus and CEO of Johnnic Communications[1].

On the 1st of June 2006, David Woods was succeeded as vice chancellor by Saleem Badat. Dr Badat came to Rhodes after several years as chief executive office of the Council on Higher Education in South Africa. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

Sports at Rhodes

From rugby to rowing, cross country to cricket, and surfing to squash, Rhodes University has a large number of active sports clubs on campus. There are some 29 clubs on offer covering a wide variety of interest areas and students are encouraged to take part on a social, recreational or competitive level. Some of the facilities on campus include:

Notable alumni: general

Notable alumni: journalists, media celebrities in South Africa

One of the most well known departments on the Rhodes campus is the university's school of Journalism and Media Studies, through which many of South Africa's most notable media celebrities have passed. There are also an especially high number of radio celebrities who graduated at Rhodes - many of them having spent time with the university's campus radio station Rhodes Music Radio. Rhodes Music Radio, or RMR as it is more commonly known is the Radio station of Rhodes University and one of South Africa 's most respected campus

Some of the important media celebrities and industry figures from Rhodes include:

Notable staff

See also

External links


Flag of South Africa South African universities Mortarboard
Traditional universities
Cape Town | Fort Hare | Free State | KwaZulu-Natal | Limpopo | North-West
Pretoria | Rhodes | Stellenbosch | Western Cape | Witwatersrand


Comprehensive universities
Johannesburg | Nelson Mandela | Unisa | Venda | Walter Sisulu | Zululand

Universities of technology
Cape Peninsula | Central | Durban | Mangosuthu | Tshwane | Vaal

In 2004 South Africa started reforming its higher education system merging and incorporating small universities into larger institutions and renaming all higher education institutions In 2004 South Africa started reforming its higher education system merging and incorporating small universities into larger institutions and renaming all higher education institutions The University of Cape Town ( UCT) is a Public university located on the Rhodes Estate on the slopes of Devil's Peak, in Cape Town Fort Hare University in South Africa was a key institution in higher education for black Africans from 1916 to 1959 The University of the Free State is situated in Bloemfontein, the capital of the Free State, South Africa. The University of KwaZulu-Natal or UKZN is a university with five campuses all located in the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The University of Limpopo is a university in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. The North-West University is a newly merged institution from 1 January 2004 onwards with three campuses at Potchefstroom (Potch - see Potchefstroom The University of Pretoria is a University in Pretoria South Africa, with a total of about 57409 students being enrolled in 2008 Stellenbosch University ( Afrikaans: Universiteit Stellenbosch) is an internationally recognised University which is situated in the town of Stellenbosch The University of the Western Cape ( UWC) is a university located in the Bellville suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. The University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg is a leading South African University situated in the northern areas of central Johannesburg. The University of Johannesburg ( Johannesburg, South Africa) came into existence on 1 January 2005 as the result of a merger between Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University (NMMU is a South African Tertiary education institution with its main administration in the coastal city of Port Vision and Mission Vision To be at the centre of tertiary education for rural and regional development in Southern Africa. Walter Sisulu University for Technology and Science is a university in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa, which came into existence on 1 July, The University of Zululand (also known as Unizulu has been designated to serve as the only comprehensive tertiary educational institution north of the uThukela River in KwaZulu-Natal Cape Peninsula University of Technology, a university in Cape Town, South Africa, is the first and only University of Technology in the Western Central University of Technology Free State or Central University of Technology is a University of Technology in Bloemfontein in the Free State The Durban University of Technology is a technical university in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Mangosuthu Technikon is situated on the outskirts of Durban and overlooks the Indian Ocean. Tshwane University of Technology ( TUT) is a Higher education institution in South Africa that came into being through a merger of three Technikons Vaal University of Technology is a tertiary institution in South Africa.
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